scholarly journals Vitamin D and Rehabilitation after Stroke: Status of Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariacristina Siotto ◽  
Massimo Santoro ◽  
Irene Aprile
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Rehabilitation Treatment ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Stroke is the first cause of disability in the population and post-stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation units often present a malnutrition status which can influence nutritional indices and then vitamin levels. Vitamin D deficiency seems implicated beyond stroke severity and stroke risk, and also affects post-stroke recovery. Some studies on vitamin D levels and outcome in stroke patients are available but very few data on vitamin D levels and outcome after rehabilitation treatment are reported. This literature review shows the possible relationship between vitamin D deficiency and recovery in post-stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment. Moreover, because several studies have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms and promoter methylation in genes are involved in vitamin D metabolism and might affect circulating vitamin D levels, these aspects are evaluated in the current paper. From the studies evaluated in this review, it emerges that vitamin D deficiency could not only have an important role in the recovery of patients undergoing rehabilitation after a stroke, but that genetic and epigenetic factors related to vitamin D levels could have a crucial role on the rehabilitation outcome of patients after stroke. Therefore, further studies are necessary on stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment, including: (a) the measurement of the 25(OH) vitamin D serum concentrations at admission and post rehabilitation treatment; (b) the identification of the presence/absence of CYP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and VDR polymorphisms, and (c) analysis of the methylation levels of these genes pre- and post-rehabilitation treatment.

scholarly journals Association of CYP27B1 Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels with Multiple Sclerosis Development in Lebanese Population of Bekaa Region: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sumaia Braidy ◽  
Alaa Maan Matar ◽  
Jamilah Borjac
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Interaction between genetic and environmental factors guides the development of the disease. Among environmental factors, vitamin D deficiency is shown to increase the risk of MS development. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B (CYP27B1) gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme involved in vitamin D metabolism, were shown to be correlated with MS. We aimed at investigating the association of CYP27B1 gene polymorphisms and vitamin D level with MS development in a sample of Lebanese MS patients living in the Bekaa region. Enrolled MS patients and controls were age and gender matched. Genotyping was performed by sequencing the amplified CYP27B1 PCR products. Vitamin D levels were measured using a VIDAS® 25 OH Vitamin D total assay based on enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. A significant association was shown between vitamin D deficiency and MS without any association between CYP27B1 studied SNPs and the disease. We confirmed that vitamin D deficiency was associated with MS with no implication of the studied SNPs of CYP27B1 gene with disease susceptibility among the Lebanese MS patients living in the Bekaa region.

scholarly journals Serum vitamin D levels in acute stroke patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayrouz O. Selim ◽  
Rasha M. Fahmi ◽  
Ayman E. Ali ◽  
Nermin Raafat ◽  
Ahmed F. Elsaid
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Outcome ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as a risk factors of cerebrovascular stroke. Objectives The aim of this study was firstly, to assess the serum level of vitamin D in cerebral stroke patients and secondly, to examine if its deficiency was associated with stroke severity and outcome. Methods We utilized a case-control study design and recruited 138 acute stroke patients and 138 age- and sex-matched controls from subjects attending outpatient clinic for other reasons. All participants were subjected to full general and neurological examination. Brain imaging CT and/or MRI was performed. Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum level of vitamin D (ng/ml) by ELISA, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and phosphorous. The stroke severity was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results Stroke patients had significant lower levels of vitamin D compared with the control group. Vitamin D deficiency remained significantly associated with the NIHSS stroke severity score and the mRS 3-month stroke outcome after controlling for other significant factors such as age, dyslipidemia, and infarction size using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that stroke patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency, which was associated with both stroke severity and poor outcome. Vitamin D supplementation could exert a therapeutic role in the management of cerebral stroke.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism related genes and risk of multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Claire Simon ◽  
Kassandra L Munger ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Alberto Ascherio
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The extent to which potential genetic determinants of vitamin D levels may be related to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk has not been thoroughly explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1 and DBP are associated with the risk of MS and whether these variants may modify associations between environmental or dietary vitamin D on MS risk. A nested case-control study was conducted in two, large cohorts of US nurses, including 214 MS cases and 428 age-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to assess the significance of gene—environment interactions. No associations were observed for any of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, CYP2R1 or DBP (p > 0.05 for all). The authors did observe an interaction (p = 0.04) between dietary intake of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism on MS risk. The protective effect of increasing vitamin D was evident only in individuals with the ‘ff ’ genotype (RR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.78; p = 0.02 for 400 IU/day increase). It was concluded that this does not support a role for the selected SNPs involved in vitamin D metabolism in the etiology of MS. The finding of a marginally significant gene—environment interaction requires replication in larger datasets, but suggests future genetic studies may benefit from considering relevant environmental context.

Contribution of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genetic variations to the incidence of acute coronary syndrome and to vitamin D serum level

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1152-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sherif Fam ◽  
Sally I. Hassanein ◽  
Mohamed Farouk Abdel Rahman ◽  
Reem Amr Assal ◽  
Rasha Sayed Hanafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Cardiovascular diseases remain a major public health burden worldwide. It was reported that vitamin D protects the cardiovascular system through several mechanisms mainly by hindering atherosclerosis development. Genetic variations in vitamin D metabolic pathway were found to affect vitamin D levels. This study aimed at investigating the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism, CYP27B and CYP24A1; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels; and susceptibility to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). One hundred and eighty-five patients and 138 healthy controls were recruited. CYP24A1 rs2762939 was genotyped using fast real-time PCR, while CYP24A1 rs4809960 and CYP27B1 rs703842 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 levels were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrum. Vitamin D level was significantly lower in patients than controls (p < 0.05). The GG genotype of rs2762939 was significantly associated with the risk of ACS development, but not correlated to the vitamin D level. rs4809960 and rs703842 genetic variations were not associated with ACS nor with 25(OH)D level. The genetic variant rs2762939 of CYP24A1 is remarkably associated with ACS. Meanwhile, the variants rs4809960 and rs703842 are not associated with ACS incidence.

scholarly journals Vitamin D-Related Genes, Blood Vitamin D Levels and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Western European Populations

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Fedirko ◽  
Hannah Mandle ◽  
Wanzhe Zhu ◽  
David Hughes ◽  
Afshan Siddiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Gene Pathway ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Large Populations

Higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25(OH)D) have been found to be associated with lower risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) in prospective studies. Whether this association is modified by genetic variation in genes related to vitamin D metabolism and action has not been well studied in humans. We investigated 1307 functional and tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; individually, and by gene/pathway) in 86 vitamin D-related genes in 1420 incident CRC cases matched to controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. We also evaluated the association between these SNPs and circulating 25(OH)D in a subset of controls. We confirmed previously reported CRC risk associations between SNPs in the VDR, GC, and CYP27B1 genes. We also identified additional associations with 25(OH)D, as well as CRC risk, and several potentially novel SNPs in genes related to vitamin D transport and action (LRP2, CUBN, NCOA7, and HDAC9). However, none of these SNPs were statistically significant after Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) multiple testing correction. When assessed by a priori defined functional pathways, tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling was associated with CRC risk (P ≤ 0.001), with most statistically significant genes being SMAD7 (PBH = 0.008) and SMAD3 (PBH = 0.008), and 18 SNPs in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding sites (P = 0.036). The 25(OH)D-gene pathway analysis suggested that genetic variants in the genes related to VDR complex formation and transcriptional activity are associated with CRC depending on 25(OH)D levels (interaction P = 0.041). Additional studies in large populations and consortia, especially with measured circulating 25(OH)D, are needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Metabolism Is Significantly Impaired in COVID-19 Inpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A281-A282
Author(s):  
Alexandra Povaliaeva ◽  
Liudmila Ya Rozhinskaya ◽  
Ekaterina A Pigarova ◽  
Larisa K Dzeranova ◽  
Nino N Katamadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Objective: to assess the state of vitamin D metabolism in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods: We examined 49 patients, which were hospitalized for inpatient treatment of COVID-19 infection from May to June 2020. Study group included 24 men (49%) and 25 women (51%), median age 58 years [48; 70], BMI 26.4 kg/m2 [24.3; 30.5]. All patients were diagnosed with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 with median percent of lung involvement equal to 29% [14; 37], 22 patients (45%) required oxygen support upon admission. Median SpO2 was equal to 95% (92; 97), median NEWS score was equal to 3 [2; 6]. Participants were tested for vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and D3) by UPLC-MS/MS, free 25(OH)D and vitamin D-binding protein by ELISA, as well as PTH by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and routine biochemical parameters of blood serum (calcium, phosphorus, albumin) at the time of admission. Results: patients had in general very low 25()D3 levels - median 10.9 ng/mL [6.9; 15.6], corresponding to a pronounced vitamin D deficiency in half of the patients. Levels of 24,25(OH)2D3 were also low – 0.5 ng/mL [0.2; 0.9], and resulting vitamin D metabolite ratios (25(OH)D3/24,25(OH)2D3) were high-normal or elevated in most patients – 24.1 [19.0; 39.2], indicating decreased activity of 24-hydroxylase. Levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, on the contrary, were high-normal or elevated - 57 pg/mL [46; 79], which, in accordance with 25(OH)D3/1,25(OH)2D3 ratio (219 [134; 266]) suggests an increase in 1α-hydroxylase activity. Median level of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 was 0.7 ng/mL [0.4; 1.0] and D3 metabolite was detectable only in 6 patients. Median DBP level was 432 mg/L [382; 498], median free 25(OH)D was 5.6 pg/mL [3.3; 6.7], median calculated free 25(OH)D was 2.0 pg/mL [1.4; 3.3]. Most patients had albumin-adjusted serum calcium level in the lower half of reference range (median 2.24 mmol/L [2.14; 2.34]). Seven patients had secondary hyperparathyroidism and one patient had primary hyperparathyroidism, the rest of the patients had PTH levels within the normal range.25(OH)D3 levels showed significant negative correlation with percent of lung involvement (r = -0.36, p&lt;0.05) and positive correlation with SpO2 (r = 0.4, p&lt;0.05). 1,25(OH)2D3 levels correlated positively with 25(OH)D3 levels (r = 0.38, p&lt;0.05) and did not correlate significantly with PTH levels (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggests that hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection have significant impairment of vitamin D metabolism, in particular, an increase in 1α-hydroxylase activity, which cannot be fully explained by pre-existing conditions such as vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The observed profound vitamin D deficiency and association of vitamin D levels with markers of disease severity indicate the importance of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.

scholarly journals Associations between Genetic Variants in the Vitamin D Metabolism Pathway and Severity of COVID-19 among UAE Residents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3680
Author(s):  
Fatme Al-Anouti ◽  
Mira Mousa ◽  
Spyridon N. Karras ◽  
William B. Grant ◽  
Zainab Alhalwachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Vitamin D has many effects on cells in the immune system. Many studies have linked low vitamin D status with severity of COVID-19. Genetic variants involved in vitamin D metabolism have been implicated as potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study investigated how genetic variations in humans affected the clinical presentation of COVID-19. In total, 646 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were divided into two groups: noncritical COVID-19 (n = 453; 70.12%) and a critical group (n = 193; 29.87%). Genotype data on the GC, NADSYN1, VDR, and CYP2R1 genes along with data on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were compiled in patients admitted to a major hospital in the United Arab Emirates between April 2020 and January 2021. We identified 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the critical COVID-19 condition: rs59241277, rs113574864, rs182901986, rs60349934, and rs113876500; rs4944076, rs4944997, rs4944998, rs4944979, and rs10898210; and rs11574018 and rs11574024. We report significant associations between genetic determinants of vitamin D metabolism and COVID-19 severity in the UAE population. Further research needed to clarify the mechanism of action against viral infection in vitamin D deficiency. These variants could be used with vaccination to manage the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and could be particularly valuable in populations in which vitamin D deficiency is common.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and pathway genes in five European autoimmune Addison’s disease cohorts

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Marissa Penna-Martinez ◽  
Gesine Meyer ◽  
Anette Boe Wolff ◽  
Beate Skinningsrud ◽  
Corrado Betterle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective While vitamin D regulates immune cells, little is known about it in autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD). We investigated the vitamin D status in AAD patients from five European populations to assess its deficiency. In addition, we studied two case-control cohorts for vitamin D metabolism and pathway genes. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 1028 patients with AAD from Germany (n = 239), Italy (n = 328), Norway (n = 378), UK (n = 44) and Poland (n = 39) and 679 controls from Germany (n = 301) and Norway (n = 378) were studied for 25(OH)D3 (primary objective). Secondary objectives (1,25(OH)2D3 and pathway genes) were examined in case-controls from Germany and Norway correlating 25(OH)D3 and single nucleotide polymorphisms within genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and vitamin D binding protein (GC/DBP). Results Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D3 10–20 ng/mL) was highly prevalent in AAD patients (34–57%), 5–22% were severely deficient (<10 ng/mL), 28–38% insufficient (20–30 ng/mL) and only 7–14% sufficient (>30 ng/mL). Lower 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were observed both in Norwegian and German AAD (P = 0.03/0.003 and P = 1 × 10-5/< 1 × 10-7, respectively) the former was associated with CYP2R1 (rs1553006) genotype G. Whereas controls achieved sufficient median 25(OH)D3 in summers (21.4 to 21.9 ng/mL), AAD patients remained largely deficient (18.0 to 21.2 ng/mL) and synthesize less 1,25(OH)2D3. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent in AAD patients. The vitamin D status of AAD may be influenced by genetic factors and suggests individual vitamin D requirements throughout the year.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in South Sharqiya in Oman and its Impact in ENT Patients- A Retrospective Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Hasan Abdul Cader Segana ◽  
Reghunandanan Nair ◽  
Fahim Ahmed Shah
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency has multitude of causes and can present with varying clinical manifestations. Studies show that it can lead on to recurrent respiratory infections, ear infections and deafness. Vitamin D also has immunomodulant action. Here we discuss the varying features concerning an Otolaryngologist in general as far as Vitamin D metabolism is concerned. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on 800 patients 152 males and 648 females of different socioeconomic background at secondary level regional referral hospital under Ministry of Health in Sultanate of Oman. The patients attending the outpatient clinic with various complaints and not responding to conventional treatment were advised for assessment of vitamin D [25 (OH) D] level in blood. The patients were evaluated with general history, blood samples of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and serum vitamin D level were measured by the most standardized laboratory of the country. Results Out of 800 patients, 275 cases had Vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml and 167 patients had values greater than 30 ng/ml in serum.81% patients with vitamin D deficiency were females.56.25% patients were between third and sixth decade. Otolaryngologic manifestations were acute and recurrent URTI (n=352) 44%. 7% of the patients presented with recurrent ear infection (otitis externa). The rest of them presented to a lesser extent with deafness, otosclerosis. Discussion Vitamin D deficiency has been reported worldwide as one of the commonest deficiency diseases. It can lead to autoimmune dysfunctions, Beta cell dysfunction in pancreas, Multiple sclerosis, recurrent chest infections and congestive cardiac failure. Studies have shown the involvement of cochlea with sensorineural hearing loss and otosclerosis. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency has multi system implications as patients presenting with different signs and symptoms. Mass level screening and vitamin D supplementation should be planned to decrease its varied and multidimensional ill effects on health. Adequate vitamin D supplementation and sensible sunlight exposure to reach optimal vitamin D status are among the front line factors of prophylaxis for spectrum of disorders.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF OBESIT Y IN THE DE VELOPMENT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY RICKETS IN CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
М. М. Puhach ◽  
V. P. Kolesnyk ◽  
O. V. Herasymova ◽  
O. H. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Deficiency Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency rickets is one of the most common diseases among children of the first years of life in many countries around the world. It is very important to understand the aforementioned nosological unit as a metabolism disorder, and not just as a D-deficiency state. In modern conditions, the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency rickets have undergone further study. The results of the research indicate that obesity is one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children. Thus, vitamin D metabolism, deposition, bioavailability and its biological role are dependent on the size of adipose tissue. The pathogenetic interaction between obesity andМvitamin D deficiency is probably predetermined by several mechanisms. Firstly, in case of obesity, vitamin D,Мwhich is a fat-soluble substance, is distributed in a considerable amount of adipose tissue, which leads toa decrease in its concentration in the blood plasma. Secondly, with excessive body weight there is a limitation of vitamin D bioavailability, caused by vitamin D capture with adipocytes and depositing in adipose tissue.Thirdly, there is a genetic proof that the increase in BMI leads to a decrease in vitamin D levels in blood serum.Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue may be the direct target of vitamin D physiological actions.It has been proved that vitamin D can affect obesity through numerous mechanisms, including protein expression, oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular metabolism. Currently, recommendations for treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency can be found in international foreign guidebooks whose authors state that obese children need a higher dosage of vitamin D compared to those whose physical development is consistent with age. Understanding the influence of adipose mass on bone tissue during its growth and development is a very important aspect for further health and pharmacotherapy strategies to prevent bone disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document