scholarly journals Feature Assessment of Toe Area Activity during Walking of Elderly People with Stumbling Experiences through Wearable Clog-Integrated Plantar Visualization System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Yingjie Jin ◽  
Miho Shogenji ◽  
Tetsuyou Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Plantar Aspect ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we investigated the relationship between toe-area activity and stumbling experiences utilizing our developed sensing system, in order to assess toe-area activity in elderly people with stumbling experiences. The sensing system enables the visualization of the plantar aspect while walking on any surface and under any condition. An image of the plantar aspect is received at a reflecting surface and captured by a camera attached to a clog. The toe-area activity was evaluated by comparing the difference between the toe contact areas at heel-strike and push-off. Thirteen young individuals (nine men and four women, age 22.4 ± 2 years) and nine elderly individuals (five men and four women, age 65.3 ± 2 years) participated in the experiment by walking along a straight line wearing the plantar sensing system on their feet. The analysis found that a low value of the mean toe activity for multiple walking cycles was associated with high stumbling risk, irrespective of age, whereas large variations in toe activity was associated with aging. These results indicate that toe activity can predict stumbling risk irrespective of age. We also found that a large value of the maximum toe activity during multiple walking cycles indicates aging, whereas a low value is associated with high stumbling risk.

scholarly journals Review of Academic Dishonesty among College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
English Language ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic English ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Cheating and academic dishonesty is a moral anomaly in the field of scientific research and reflecting, i.e., academic environment and studies show that this phenomenon in many of the worlds is important problem.</p><p>This study measured the dishonesty of students in a quasi-experimental design. For this purpose, features lack of integrity by manipulating the facts were examined and meanwhile first, basic English language test coordination between the strict terms of the 280 students come to practice and after correction of examination papers by teachers, without leaving any traces on them instead, the plates are returned to students and provide them with answers to their paper to correct their score Master announced. The difference between the actual score (score of master) and score of the students to have their own, amount of honesty or lack of integrity appointed them and its relationship with some demographic and socio-ethical characteristics have been studied.</p><p>The results showed that more than 62 percent of the students in your grade to master completely honest with 26.6 percent have low honesty and the rest did not have the necessary integrity and the mean difference of scores announced by the professors and students have been about two score. Also results of chi-square tests and gamma, about the relationship between students’ evaluation of amount of sincerity with sincerity in the declared objective amount of the master score was not significant, this finding means that between demonstrators and people of integrity and honesty in practice, there are gaps.</p>

scholarly journals Urine CA-2 as a biomarker for diagnosis urinary stone and prediction of its complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-jing Leng ◽  
Hai-bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang-ling Fu ◽  
Wen-juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSECarbonic anhydrase-2 (CA-2) plays a role in mineralization and calcification in organism. Strong evidence suggests that CA-2 is associated with urolithiasis. However, the relationship between CA-2 and urinary stone remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the association of urine CA-2 (uCA-2) level and the potential risk of urinary stone.METHODSFrom March 2017 to November 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects to determine the pretreatment uCA-2 level detection by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The difference of uCA-2 level between patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects was compared. Then comparison between stone patients with complications and without complications was carried out as well as correlation analysis to detect factors associated with biomarker expression.RESULTS118 patients with urinary stones were into urinary stones group and 42 healthy subjects were into healthy control group. The mean pretreatment uCA-2 level was significantly higher in patients with urinary stones group than healthy controls group (P=0.028). Furthermore, The uCA-2 level was positive correlation with urinary stones complications (R=0.379, P=0.000), especially pain complications (R=0.524, P=0.000) and hematuria complications (R=0.374, P=0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis that a uCA-2 level threshold of 10.94 ng/mL had 83.67% sensitivity and 68.12% specificity for predicting urinary stones complications. CONCLUSIONSExcessive uCA-2 excretion is a major risk factor for urinary stone. Our findings suggested that uCA-2 may be used as an unappreciated biomarker for the diagnosis urinary stone in patients and to predict its complications.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional analysis of acetabular cup orientation and an evaluation of the relationship with pelvic sagittal parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 230949901986122
Author(s):  
Ali Sahin ◽  
Mehmet Emin Simsek ◽  
Safa Gursoy ◽  
Mustafa Akkaya ◽  
Cetin Isik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Pelvic Parameters ◽  
Sagittal Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on sagittal pelvic parameters and to evaluate the effect of sagittal pelvic parameters on acetabular cup orientation. Methods: The study included 86 patients who underwent THA for a diagnosis of unilateral coxarthrosis between 2011 and 2015. Measurements were taken of the preoperative and postoperative acetabular cup inclination (ACI), anteversion, and sagittal pelvic parameters. The effect of THA on sagittal pelvic parameters and the effects of the sagittal pelvic parameters on acetabular cup orientation were investigated. Results: The sagittal pelvic tilt values calculated were mean 9.7° ± 6.3° (2°; 23°) preoperatively and 11.0° ± 6.1° (2°; 25°) postoperatively. The increase in postoperative pelvic incidence (PI) values was determined to be statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The preoperative PI values had no significant effect on ACI, but in cases with high preoperative PI values, a tendency to high anteversion values was determined. The mean inclination values were found to be 40.2° ± 11.0° in the low PI group, 41.7° ± 7.4° in the normal PI group, and 44.1° ± 8.3° in the high PI group. As no increase in inclination values was observed with an increase in PI values, no statistical correlation was determined ( p = 0.343). Average of anteversion values in the low PI group was 9.2° ± 13.7°, in the normal PI group 19.3° ± 10.5°, and in the high PI group 21.1° ± 12.5°. The difference between the groups was statistically significant ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: Evaluating the results of this study, it can be concluded that varying PI values do affect the acetabular cup anterversion in THA. So, preoperative assessment of PI values is important in preventing postoperative acetabular cup malposition.

A quantitative measure of nonlinearity

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Emancipator ◽  
M H Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fitting In

Abstract Quantitative measures of the nonlinearity of an analytical method are defined as follows: the "(dimensional) nonlinearity" of a method is the square root of the mean of the square of the deviation of the response curve from a straight line, where the straight line is chosen to minimize the nonlinearity. The "relative nonlinearity" is defined as the dimensional nonlinearity divided by the difference between the maximum and minimum assayed values. These definitions may be used to develop practical criteria for linearity that are still objective. Calculation of the nonlinearity requires a method of curve-fitting. In this article, we use polynomial regression to demonstrate calculations, but the definition of nonlinearity also accommodates alternative nonlinear regression procedures.

scholarly journals Interpreting, analysing and modelling COVID-19 mortality data

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1751-1776
Author(s):  
Didier Sornette ◽  
Euan Mearns ◽  
Michael Schatz ◽  
Ke Wu ◽  
Didier Darcet
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Logistic Equation ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Death Count

Abstract We present results on the mortality statistics of the COVID-19 epidemic in a number of countries. Our data analysis suggests classifying countries in five groups, (1) Western countries, (2) East Block, (3) developed Southeast Asian countries, (4) Northern Hemisphere developing countries and (5) Southern Hemisphere countries. Comparing the number of deaths per million inhabitants, a pattern emerges in which the Western countries exhibit the largest mortality rate. Furthermore, comparing the running cumulative death tolls as the same level of outbreak progress in different countries reveals several subgroups within the Western countries and further emphasises the difference between the five groups. Analysing the relationship between deaths per million and life expectancy in different countries, taken as a proxy of the preponderance of elderly people in the population, a main reason behind the relatively more severe COVID-19 epidemic in the Western countries is found to be their larger population of elderly people, with exceptions such as Norway and Japan, for which other factors seem to dominate. Our comparison between countries at the same level of outbreak progress allows us to identify and quantify a measure of efficiency of the level of stringency of confinement measures. We find that increasing the stringency from 20 to 60 decreases the death count by about 50 lives per million in a time window of 20  days. Finally, we perform logistic equation analyses of deaths as a means of tracking the dynamics of outbreaks in the “first wave” and estimating the associated ultimate mortality, using four different models to identify model error and robustness of results. This quantitative analysis allows us to assess the outbreak progress in different countries, differentiating between those that are at a quite advanced stage and close to the end of the epidemic from those that are still in the middle of it. This raises many questions in terms of organisation, preparedness, governance structure and so on.

The Effect of Waking Suggestion on Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Subjects

It is increasingly realized that hypnosis may be seen from an interpersonal point of view, meaning that it forms part of the relationship between the hypnotist and the subject. From this premise it follows that what goes on in the relationship prior to hypnosis probably has an influence on the hypnosis. Certain of these prior occurences can then be seen as waking suggestionns (however implicitly given) that the subject should behave in a certain way with regard to the subsequent hypnosis. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that waking suggestions regarding post-hypnotic amnesia are effective. Eighteen female subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The groups listened to a tape-recorded talk on hypnosis in which for the one group amnesia for the subsequent hypnotic experience and for the other group no such amnesia was suggested. Thereafter the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale was administered to all subjects. Only the interrogation part of the amnesia item of the scale was administered. The subjects to whom post-hypnotic amnesia was suggested tended to score lower on the amnesia item than the other subjects, as was expected, but the difference between the mean amnesia scores of the two groups was not significant.

Relationship Between Running Velocity of 2 Distances and Various Lactate Parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charilaos Papadopoulos ◽  
J. Andrew Doyle ◽  
Brian D. LaBudde
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trained Runners

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between various lactate-threshold (LT) definitions and the average running velocity during a 10-km and a 21.1-km time trial (TT).Methods:Thirteen well-trained runners completed an incremental maximal exercise test, a 10-km TT, and a 21.1-km TT on a motorized treadmill. Blood samples were collected through a venous catheter placed in an antecubital vein. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between the running velocity at the different LT definitions and the average running velocity during each TT. A dependent t test was used to determine statistical differences for the mean lactate response between the 2 running distances.Results:The LTDmax, the point on the regression curve that yielded the maximal perpendicular distance to the straight line formed by the 2 endpoints, was the LT definition with the highest correlation for both 10-km (r = .844) and 21.1-km TTs (r = .783). The velocity at the LTDmax was not, however, the velocity closest to the performance velocity for either distance. The mean running velocity at each LT was significantly different and tended to overestimate the mean TT performance velocities. The mean lactate concentration during the 10-km TT (3.52 ± 1.58 mmol) was significantly higher than during the 21.1-km TT (1.86 ± 0.90 mmol).Conclusion:These results indicate that a single LT point cannot be reliably associated with different running distances. Furthermore, these data suggest that a different methodology for estimating the LT that considers individual responses might be required for different running distances.

THE EFFECT OF FASTING AND GLUCOSE LOAD ON INSULIN SECRETION AND THE STAUB—TRAUGOTT PHENOMENON IN PIGS

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY Pigs were fasted for 18, 39, or 72 h; they were then given two glucose infusions, the second infusion 40 min after the first. Either 0·15, 0·30 or 0·75 g glucose/kg were given at each infusion. Plasma glucose, free fatty acids, insulin and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were measured. The rate of glucose removal Kt was calculated after the first infusions, (Kt1), and after the second infusion (Kt2). When food was withheld the peak insulin concentration decreased in response to glucose but lack of food only affected the mean increase in insulin concentration when 0·75 g glucose/kg was given. The value of Kt1 decreased as the period without food increased and additions of insulin did not affect the difference in Kt1 between animals fasted for 18 h and those fasted for 72 h. Plasma insulin concentration was closely related to the rate of glucose removal; the correlation coefficient (r) for maximum rate of glucose removal versus maximum insulin concentration was 0·9; and that for mean rate of glucose removal versus mean increment in insulin concentration was 0·84. It is suggested that insulin does not itself determine the rate of glucose removal but is secreted in response to the amount of glucose removed. In the pig, the Staub—Traugott phenomenon was found to occur only under special circumstances. The relationship between Kt1 and Kt2 depended on the amount of glucose infused and the time during which food was withheld. Kt2 ranged from smaller than—through the same as—to greater than Kt1. The concentrations of free fatty acids, ketones or insulin did not explain the differences.

scholarly journals Recalling Experiences: Looking at Momentary, Retrospective and Global Assessments of Relationship Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Zygar-Hoffmann ◽  
Felix D. Schönbrodt
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary State

Relationship satisfaction can be assessed in retrospection, as a global evaluation, or as a momentary state. In two experience sampling studies (N = 130, N = 510) the specificities of these assessment modalities are examined. We show that 1) compared to other summary statistics like the median, the mean of relationship satisfaction states describes retrospective and global evaluations best (but the difference to some other summary statistics was negligible); 2) retrospection introduces an overestimation of the average annoyance in the relationship reported on a momentary basis, which results in an overall negative mean-level bias for retrospective relationship satisfaction; 3) this bias is most strongly moderated by global relationship satisfaction at the time of retrospection; 4) snapshots of momentary relationship satisfaction get representative of global evaluations after approximately two weeks of sampling. The findings extend the recall bias reported in the literature for retrospection of negative affect to the domain of relationship evaluations and assist researchers in designing efficient experience sampling studies.

scholarly journals Invasive and Doppler Transvalvular gradients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fugar ◽  
K Deka ◽  
C Anderson ◽  
C Lama Von Buchwald ◽  
R Geroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transcatheter Valve ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Differences in mean gradients after Transcatheter valve replacement (TAVR) vary depending on the valve type and the modality used to measure the gradients. Currently there is a paucity of data on the relationship between invasive and doppler derived gradients after TAVR. Purpose We sort to assess the difference in doppler, and catheter derived aortic valve gradients after TAVR Methods This is a single center retrospective study using consecutive patients who presented for TAVR on account of native aortic valve stenosis at our institution from May 2012 till December 2020. Patients with both intraoperative invasive and postoperative doppler derived pressure gradients were included in the analysis. Student T-test were used to compare mean gradients. Pearson's correlation test was used to examine the correlation between measured gradients. Results A total of 587 patients were included in our study. Fifty one percent were male and 462 (78.7%) underwent TAVR with a balloon expandable valve. In the entire cohort the mean gradient measured invasively was significantly lower than those measured by echo doppler (4.48±3.25 vs. 5.57±3.11, P&lt;0.001). There, however, was a positive correlation between invasive and doppler measured gradients (figure 1). In those who received balloon expandable valves, the invasive gradient was 4.39±3.30 and the doppler derived gradient was 5.47±3.04 (P&lt;0.001), while in those self-expanding valves, the invasive gradient was 4.81±3.04 and doppler derived gradient was 5.94±3.36 (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion Post TAVR gradients were all significantly lower when measured invasively as compared to those measured using doppler. Self-expanding valves overall had higher residual gradients. Further studies are needed to assess the correlations between invasively measured gradients and clinical outcomes post TAVR. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

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