scholarly journals Evaluating State-of-the-Art LEED-NCv4 in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Very High ◽  
The U.S

To date, no empirical evidence has been published on the certification achievements of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction (LEED-NCv4) projects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the trends in LEED-NCv4 Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum projects in the U.S. Boxplots were used to measure the consistency of achievement points in categories; Cliff’s δ was used to measure the effect size between possible points and achieved points in categories and credits. The findings show that (1) the categories Sustainable Sites and Energy and Atmosphere were well designed, with consistency increasing from level to level and almost all their credits achieving low–very high points; (2) the categories Water Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality showed an average design, and certification levels were found to be inconsistent across the projects and only approximately half of the credits achieved medium or high points, whereas the other half achieved low points; and (3) the categories Location and Transportation and Materials and Resources were the worst designed, with four certification levels found to be inconsistent across the projects and most of the credits achieved low points.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction 2009 Certified Projects in Finland, Sweden, Turkey, and Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
European Regions ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Difference

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is currently intensively applied in several European countries. The aims of the present study were to compare the difference between (i) two countries from the same region (i.e., Finland vs. Sweden or Turkey vs. Spain) and (ii) two European regions (northern Europe [Finland and Sweden] vs. [Turkey and Spain]) when the LEED- New Construction (NC) 2009 Certified rating level certified projects were analyzed. We found that, in the northern and southern parts of Europe, LEED- NC 2009 credit achievements in terms of Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), Materials and Resources (MR), and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were similar, whereas credit achievements in Energy and Atmosphere (EA) were different. High achievements were revealed in WE and SS, with values of 80–100% and 70–75%, respectively; intermediate achievements were revealed in EQ, with values of 40–60%; and low achievements were revealed in MR (20–40%). EA achievements were intermediate (60–65%) in northern Europe, while they were low in southern Europe (40%). This evidence can help recognize the categories that are performed with a high number of points and those that are performed with a low number of points.

scholarly journals LEED-CIv4 Commercial Interiors: United States (2014–2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Integrative Process ◽  
Quality Categories ◽  
Very High

This paper analyzes Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Interior Design and Construction: Commercial Interior (LEED-CIv4) projects, thereby presenting the first empirical evidence of these projects. The aim of the study was to reveal trends in Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum LEED-CIv4 US projects, certified in 2014–2019. The effect size between possible and achieved points in categories and credits was measured using Cliff’s δ. The following conclusions were drawn: (i) the Integrative Process, Innovation, and Regional Priority categories showed high achievements only in Platinum projects, so it is necessary to reconsider these categories toward increasing their acceptance at all certification levels; (ii) the Location and Transportation and Indoor Environmental Quality categories were quite well-designed because most credits in these categories showed varying levels of achievement (low/medium/high/very high) at all four certification levels; and (iii) the Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, and Material and Resources categories were badly designed because most credits there similarly showed low achievements at all four certification levels, thus needing more attention toward their improvement in the next LEED-CI version.

SILVER AND GOLD LEED COMMERCIAL INTERIORS: CERTIFIED PROJECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar ◽  
Oleg Verbitsky
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Us States ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Exterior Design ◽  
Layer Concept

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) is more relevant to interior design, which, according to the sharing layer concept, differs from exterior design (which is usually evaluated with the LEED New Construction sub-scheme). LEED-CI requires separate empirical analyses of LEED-CI certified buildings to further improve this sub-scheme. Therefore, in this study, Silver and Gold projects certified under LEED-CI-2009 in 14 US states were considered. Three project performance analyses, (i) certification, (ii) category, and (iii) cross-certification, were studied. The following results were revealed: (i) the range of the medians for Silver- and Gold-certified projects were 51–57 pts and 62–71 pts, respectively; (ii) in both Silver- and Gold-certified projects, Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), and Innovation in Design (ID) were the best-performing; Energy and Atmosphere (EA) and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were intermediate-performing; and Material and Resources (MR) was the worst-performing categories; and (iii) in Silver-Gold cross-certification, category-focused (in 10 of 14 states) and category-unfocused (in four of 14 states) strategies were determined; in the category-focused strategy, the highest popular category was EA; the intermediate popular categories were WE, MR, and ID; and the lowest popular category was SS. Pooling all projects and all states into one frame can lead to the obscurement of the actual LEED-CI-2009 strategy(ies) in the transition from Silver to Gold certification in the US.

scholarly journals The Effect of Regional Priority Points on the Performance of LEED 2009 Certified Buildings in Turkey, Spain, and Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) has five basic categories: Sustainable sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), Energy and Atmosphere (EA), Materials and Resources (MR), and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ). Additionally, in LEED 2009, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) introduced regional priority (RP) points to adapt LEED to the local conditions of foreign countries. However, the appropriateness of the RP points stated for the Mediterranean basin has not yet been evaluated. Thus, we studied the similarities and differences in performances of LEED 2009 Commercial Interiors (CI) and LEED 2009 Core and Shell Development (C&S) Gold certified projects in Turkey, Spain, and Italy. We revealed that the categories without RP points, SS, MR, and EQ, performed similarly in all three countries, thereby signaling the correctness of CI and C&S applications in the Mediterranean basin. However, the categories with RP points, WE and EA, performed differently. It can be suggested that the following RP points would be beneficial for all three countries: (i) in the MR category, RP points that initiate decreases in virgin construction material; (ii) in the WE category, RP points that encourage water saving; and (iii) in the EA category, RP points that encourage using renewable energies.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

Differences in teachers’ satisfaction with indoor environmental quality and their well-being in new, renovated and non-renovated schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Manan Sadick ◽  
Mohamed H. Issa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Indirect Impact

Most studies on buildings’ renovations in relation to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and occupants’ well-being have focused on offices, while those investigating schools focused on students rather than teachers. Most of these studies limited their assessment of well-being to occupants’ satisfaction with IEQ factors, overlooking essential aspects related to psychological, social and physical well-being. This article presents results of a research conducted in 32 schools in Manitoba, Canada, to assess teachers’ IEQ satisfaction and well-being in new, renovated and non-renovated schools. The research involved adapting and refining an IEQ satisfaction survey and developing and refining three new surveys to assess teachers’ psychological, social and physical well-being. The results of the refined surveys showed statistically significant differences in teachers’ satisfaction with IEQ factors between the new and renovated schools on one hand and the non-renovated ones on the other. However, no statistically significant differences were found in teachers’ psychological, social and physical well-being perceptions between all pairs of the three school categories analysed. Association analyses suggested a potential indirect impact of schools’ renovations on teachers’ well-being via their satisfaction with IEQ. The results of this study should aid school managers in making strategic decisions about the maintenance of their existing schools.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Indoor Environmental Quality in Naturally Ventilated School Classrooms: A Way Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nishant Raj Kapoor ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Chandan Swaroop Meena ◽  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Tabish Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Future Research Direction ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
Acoustic Comfort

This review presents the existing state-of-the-art practices of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in naturally ventilated school buildings and is mainly focused on the components of IEQ like thermal comfort, indoor air quality with ventilation, and visual and acoustic comfort. This article also discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on naturally ventilated school buildings, highlighting the obviousness of dynamic applications that concentrate on reducing COVID-19 effects in naturally ventilated school buildings. The importance of the concerned issues and factors are discussed in detail for future research direction. This review is a step toward the development of the IEQ standard for naturally ventilated school buildings.

LEED-NC 2009 SILVER TO GOLD CERTIFIED PROJECTS IN THE US IN 2012–2017: AN APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar ◽  
Oleg Verbitsky
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Us States ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Total State ◽  
Single State

This study aims to evaluate the Silver-to-Gold LEED-NC 2009 (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction and Major Renovations) cross-certification performance and categorize the cross-certification performance in eight US states in 2012–2017. The following three statistical analyses were used: (a) pooling LEED projects within a single state and single year in a single-state-year group with the subsequent use of a replication method, (b) pooling the medians of the LEED projects in each state from all years in a state-and-total-years group, and (c) pooling the LEED projects from all states and years in a total states-and-years group. The Silver-to-Gold cross-certification performance has a low propelling effect. Considering the Silver-to-Gold category cross-certification performances, the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category has a high propelling effect, the Sustainable Sites (SS) and Environmental Quality (EQ) categories have moderate propelling effects, the Water Efficiency (WE), Materials and Resources (MR), and Innovation in Design (ID) categories have low propelling effects. Six of the eight states used an EA-high emphasized strategy, and two of the eight states used a SS/EA/WE/EQ/ID-moderate emphasized strategy. The single-state-year group and state-and-total-years group analyses are more robust than the pooling LEED projects using the total state-and-year group analysis.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE JORDANIAN CONTEXT: INFLUENCE ON OCCUPANTS’ SATISFACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Hikmat H. Ali ◽  
Sally A. Alazzeh ◽  
Ahlam A. Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Mixed Approach

ABSTRACT The applicability of building rating systems has gained attention for achieving indoor environmental quality. Considering the wider internationalized recognition of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and other rating systems, the case of Jordan provides a sense of particularity in consideration to its rather recent history in acknowledging these progressive standards. Utilizing a mixed approach based on paired comparisons between local LEED and non-LEED certified buildings, this research paper explores the level of satisfaction pertaining to Indoor Environmental Quality of building occupants. While it touches on the generality of such satisfaction, it proceeds to unpack and investigate how it resonates with the sustainability of the building measured through various means. The research outcomes reflected an overall appeal of LEED certified buildings and a decent level of comfort of their dwellers. Yet, it conveyed a vague, rather sporadic relation when comparing the subjective perception to the objective measures due to multiple potential reasons. The paper concludes by stressing the need for further appropriation of international environmental codes to better suit the local context. It lays a reliable foundation for further research, utilizing more case studies and exploring the applicability of rating systems in Jordan.

scholarly journals Bitstream-Based Neural Network for Scalable, Efficient, and Accurate Deep Learning Hardware

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonuk Sim ◽  
Jongeun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stochastic Computing ◽  
Hardware Implementations ◽  
Neuromorphic Hardware ◽  
Very High

While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) continue to renew state-of-the-art performance across many fields of machine learning, their hardware implementations tend to be very costly and inflexible. Neuromorphic hardware, on the other hand, targets higher efficiency but their inference accuracy lags far behind that of CNNs. To bridge the gap between deep learning and neuromorphic computing, we present bitstream-based neural network, which is both efficient and accurate as well as being flexible in terms of arithmetic precision and hardware size. Our bitstream-based neural network (called SC-CNN) is built on top of CNN but inspired by stochastic computing (SC), which uses bitstreams to represent numbers. Being based on CNN, our SC-CNN can be trained with backpropagation, ensuring very high inference accuracy. At the same time our SC-CNN is deterministic, hence repeatable, and is highly accurate and scalable even to large networks. Our experimental results demonstrate that our SC-CNN is highly accurate up to ImageNet-targeting CNNs, and improves efficiency over conventional digital designs ranging through 50–100% in operations-per-area depending on the CNN and the application scenario, while losing <1% in recognition accuracy. In addition, our SC-CNN implementations can be much more fault-tolerant than conventional digital implementations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document