scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Maximal Risk Evaluation Formulas for Spectrum-Based Fault Localization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Yunwei Dong ◽  
Man Fai Lau ◽  
Sebastian Ng ◽  
Tsong Yueh Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Ordered Set ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Program Spectrum ◽  
Better Than

The effectiveness analysis of risk evaluation formulas has become a significant research area in spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL). The risk evaluation formula is designed and widely used to evaluate the likelihood of a program spectrum to be faulty. There are numerous empirical and theoretical studies to investigate and compare the performance between sixty risk evaluation formulas. According to previous research, these sixty risk evaluation formulas together form a partially ordered set. Among them, nine formulas are maximal. These nine formulas can further be grouped into five maximal risk evaluation formula groups so that formulas in the same group have the same performance. Moreover, previous research showed that we cannot theoretically compare formulas across these five maximal formula groups. However, experimental data “suggests” that a maximal formula in one group could outperform another one (from a different group) more frequently, though not always. This inspired us to further investigate the performance between any two maximal formulas in different maximal formula groups. Our approach involves two major steps. First, we propose a new condition to compare between two different maximal formulas. Based on this new condition, we present five different scenarios under which a formula performs better than another. This is different from the condition suggested by the previous theoretical study. We performed an empirical study to compare different maximal formulas using our condition. Our results showed that among two maximal risk evaluation formulas, it is feasible to identify one that can outperform the others more frequently.

Statement spectrum with two dimensional eigenvalues for intelligent software fault localization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shengbing Ren ◽  
Xing Zuo ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Wenzhao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Rbf Neural Network ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Intelligent Software ◽  
Localization Model ◽  
Software Fault ◽  
Program Spectrum

The existing Software Fault Localization Frameworks (SFLF) based on program spectrum for estimation of statement suspiciousness have the problems that the feature type of the spectrum is single and the efficiency and precision of fault localization need to be improved. To solve these problems, a framework 2DSFLF proposed in this paper and used to evaluate the effectiveness of software fault localization techniques (SFL) in two-dimensional eigenvalues takes both dynamic and static features into account to construct the two-dimensional eigenvalues statement spectrum (2DSS). Firstly the statement dependency and test case coverage are extracted by the feature extraction of 2DSFLF. Subsequently these extracted features can be used to construct the statement spectrum and data flow spectrum which can be combined into the optimized spectrum 2DSS. Finally an estimator which takes Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network and ridge regression as fault localization model is trained by 2DSS to predict the suspiciousness of statements to be faulty. Experiments on Siemens Suit show that 2DSFLF improves the efficiency and precision of software fault localization compared with existing techniques like BPNN, PPDG, Tarantula and so fourth.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Energy Harvesting Techniques Incorporated with Antennas: A Review Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Hamid Ibrahim ◽  
Mandeep S. J. Singh ◽  
Samir Salem Al-Bawri ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
The Military

The investigation into new sources of energy with the highest efficiency which are derived from existing energy sources is a significant research area and is attracting a great deal of interest. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising alternative for obtaining energy for wireless devices directly from RF energy sources in the environment. An overview of the energy harvesting concept will be discussed in detail in this paper. Energy harvesting is a very promising method for the development of self-powered electronics. Many applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart environments, the military or agricultural monitoring depend on the use of sensor networks which require a large variety of small and scattered devices. The low-power operation of such distributed devices requires wireless energy to be obtained from their surroundings in order to achieve safe, self-sufficient and maintenance-free systems. The energy harvesting circuit is known to be an interface between piezoelectric and electro-strictive loads. A modern view of circuitry for energy harvesting is based on power conditioning principles that also involve AC-to-DC conversion and voltage regulation. Throughout the field of energy conversion, energy harvesting circuits often impose electric boundaries for devices, which are important for maximizing the energy that is harvested. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is described as the ratio between the rectifier’s output DC power and the antenna-based RF-input power (before its passage through the corresponding network).

scholarly journals The comparative study of text documents clustering algorithms

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Mohammad Eiman Jamnezhad ◽  
Reza Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Web Documents ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
F Measure

Clustering is one of the most significant research area in the field of data mining and considered as an important tool in the fast developing information explosion era.Clustering systems are used more and more often in text mining, especially in analyzing texts and to extracting knowledge they contain. Data are grouped into clusters in such a way that the data of the same group are similar and those in other groups are dissimilar. It aims to minimizing intra-class similarity and maximizing inter-class dissimilarity. Clustering is useful to obtain interesting patterns and structures from a large set of data. It can be applied in many areas, namely, DNA analysis, marketing studies, web documents, and classification. This paper aims to study and compare three text documents clustering, namely, k-means, k-medoids, and SOM through F-measure.

scholarly journals Optimal Deep Learning based Data Classification Model for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis and Prediction System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1596-1604
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Classification ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis ◽  
Simulation Results

In recent days, deep learning models become a significant research area because of its applicability in diverse domains. In this paper, we employ an optimal deep neural network (DNN) based model for classifying diabetes disease. The DNN is employed for diagnosing the patient diseases effectively with better performance. To further improve the classifier efficiency, multilayer perceptron (MLP) is employed to remove the misclassified instance in the dataset. Then, the processed data is again provided as input to the DNN based classification model. The use of MLP significantly helps to remove the misclassified instances. The presented optimal data classification model is experimented on the PIMA Indians Diabetes dataset which holds the medical details of 768 patients under the presence of 8 attributes for every record. The obtained simulation results verified the superior nature of the presented model over the compared methods.

Current progress in biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides based on enzyme functionalized nanostructures: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 5468-5479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Xiong ◽  
Yaocheng Deng ◽  
Yaoyu Zhou ◽  
Daoxin Gong ◽  
Yuzhe Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Significant Research

Organophosphorus pesticides analysis has become an increasingly significant research area due to their widespread application and contamination of the environment.

P2S2-Bridged binuclear metal carbonyls from dimerization of coordinated thiophosphoryl groups: a theoretical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (30) ◽  
pp. 12942-12948
Author(s):  
Zhong Zhang ◽  
Zuqing Chen ◽  
Zhipeng Yang ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Liang Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Metal Carbonyls ◽  
Binuclear Metal

Theoretical studies indicate the complexes M(CO)n(PS) with bent 1-e/2-e donor PS groups to be unstable for giving the stable M(CO)n−1(PS) with linear 3-e donor PS groups. In addition, only Mn2(CO)8(P2S2) is energetically viable from the Mn(CO)4(PS).

Theoretical Study of Ethylene Addition to O=W(=CH2)(CH3)2

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Haunschild ◽  
Gernot Frenking
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Activation Barrier ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Stable Isomer ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
B3lyp Level ◽  
Rhenium Compound ◽  
Favorable Reaction

Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory at the B3LYP level of theory were carried out to investigate the reaction pathways for the addition of ethylene to WO(CH3)2(CH2) (W1). The results are compared to those of previous theoretical studies of the ethylene addition to OsO3(CH2) (Os1) and ReO2(CH3)(CH2) (Re1). The theoretically predicted reactions pathways exhibit significant differences. The energetically most favourable reaction of the tungsten system W1 is the [2+2]W,C addition across theW=C double bond yielding the metallacyclobutane W3a which then rearranges to the slightly more stable isomer W3b. The [2+2]Re,C addition of the rhenium compound yielding the metallacyclobutane Re3a has the lowest activation barrier for the ethylene addition to the rhenium system, but the reaction is endothermic while the exothermic formation of the more stable isomer Re3b has a much higher activation barrier. The [3+2]C,O addition Os1+C2H4→Os2 is the thermodynamically most favorable reaction of the osmium compound.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kualitas Tanah Sawah Intensif dan Sawah yang Dikonversikan untuk Kebun di Subak Kesiut Kerambitan Tabanan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I DEWA MADE ARTHAGAMA ◽  
I MADE DANA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
Better Than

 Evaluation Quality of Intensif Paddy Soils and Conversion Paddy Soils to Garden at Subak Kesiut Kerambitan Tabanan. This experiment conducted to evaluate intensif Paddy Soils and conversion paddy soils to garden at SubakKesiut Kerambitan Tabanan. There were two steps applied in this study including field survey to determine the research area and points soils sampling; analysis soils properties are: physic, chemistry and soils biology for get minimum data set to determine the soil quality at Laboratory of Soils and Enveronment Faculty of Agriculture Unud. The results of this study showed: the soil quality of intensif paddy soils is better than conversion paddy soils to garden, that showed with SQR at intensif paddy soil is 18 and at conversions paddy soil is 25. The limiting faktor at conversion paddy soils to garden is P available, there are less than at intensif paddy soils.

Experimental and theoretical studies of the mica polymorphs

1956 ◽  
Vol 31 (234) ◽  
pp. 209-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Smith ◽  
H. S. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Spiral Growth ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Cell ◽  
Triclinic Structure ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies ◽  
Made In

SummaryAn experimental and theoretical study has been made in order to determine the number and the structure of the possible polymorphs and to determine the structural relations between them. The simplest structures are 1M, 2M1, 2M2, 3T, 20, and 6H polymorphs, and more complicated types can be developed. Some of the previously described polymorphs were not contained in the theoretical list and were re-examined. The 6M structure was found to be a 2M2 polymorph, the 6-layer triclinic type was found to be a 2M1 polymorph, and the 3M structure was shown to be a 3T type. The 24-layer triclinic structure could be described on a simpler 8-layer cell. This type together with a new 12-layer monoclinic structure, as well as other structures of higher periodicity, presumably consists of complex stacking and results from spiral-growth mechanism. Two extreme types of layer-disordered crystals may be built and a disorder of individual ions may also occur. Single stacking faults result in twinned crystals. A new twin relation (180° rotation about the [100] axis) has been recognized. Twenty specimens from extreme geological environments have been examined in order to evaluate the control of environment on the stacking. The type of stacking could not be attributed solely to the influence of pressure and temperature. Composition appears to play a dominant role in the type of stacking, and semi-quantitative structural arguments appear to support this contention. The influence of growth mechanism is discussed. A scheme for the identification of the mica polymorphs by X-ray powder and single-crystal methods is given.

Influence of Lubricant Inlet Film Thickness on Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Contact Starvation

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kostal ◽  
Petr Sperka ◽  
Petr Svoboda ◽  
Ivan Krupka ◽  
Martin Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Lubricated Contact ◽  
Side Flow

The paper deals with an experimental study of an elastohydrodynamic contact under insufficient lubricant supply. Theoretical studies published in this research area focus mainly on the development of theoretical models, and there is a lack of experimental validation of the theoretical models. This paper presents original experimental results and aims to describe the starvation severity level as a function of the inlet film thickness and contact geometry. Experimental data are compared with an analytical model for point contacts published by Chevalier. The study was also extended to elliptical contacts to achieve a comparison with the different parameters of the side-flow resistance used by Damiens. Both models agree well with the experiments.

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