scholarly journals Virgin Olive Oil Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress and Modulate Cholesterol Metabolism: Comparison between Oils Obtained with Traditional and Innovative Processes

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Carmen Lammi ◽  
Nadia Mulinacci ◽  
Lorenzo Cecchi ◽  
Maria Bellumori ◽  
Carlotta Bollati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phenolic Profiles

This study was aimed at demonstrating the substantial equivalence of two extra virgin olive oil samples extracted from the same batch of Coratina olives with (OMU) or without (OMN) using ultrasound technology, by performing chemical, biochemical, and cellular investigations. The volatile organic compounds compositions and phenolic profiles were very similar, showing that, while increasing the extraction yields, the innovative process does not change these features. The antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activities of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenol extracts were also preserved, since OMU and OMN had equivalent abilities to scavenge the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicals in vitro and to protect HepG2 cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels. In addition, by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme a reductase, both samples modulated the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway leading to increased LDLR protein levels and activity.

scholarly journals Traditional Brazilian Diet and Olive Oil Reduce Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Severely Obese Individuals: A Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelisa Silva e Alves de Carvalho Santos ◽  
Ana Paula dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Lorena Pereira de Souza Rosa ◽  
Matias Noll ◽  
Erika Aparecida Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Risk Parameters

Cardioprotective effects associated with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) have been studied within the Mediterranean diet. However, little is known about its consumption in the traditional Brazilian diet (DieTBra) or without any dietary prescription, particularly in severely obese individuals. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of DieTBra and EVOO in cardiometabolic risk factor (CMRF) reduction in severely obese individuals. We conducted a parallel randomized clinical trial with 149 severely obese individuals (body mass index ≥ 35.0 kg/m2) aged 18–65 years, assigned to three groups: 52 mL/day of EVOO (n = 50), DieTBra (n = 49), and DieTBra + 52 mL/day of EVOO (n = 50). Participants were followed up for 12 weeks. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was the primary endpoint and several cardiometabolic parameters were secondary endpoints. Endpoints were compared at baseline and at the end of the study using analysis of variance, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Student’s t-test. The TC/High-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (−0.33 ± 0.68, p = 0.002) and LDL/HDL ratio (−0.26 ± 0.59, p = 0.005) decreased in the EVOO group. Delta values for all variables showed no significant statistical difference between groups. However, we highlight the clinical significance of LDL-c reduction in the EVOO group by 5.11 ± 21.79 mg/dL and in the DieTBra group by 4.27 ± 23.84 mg/dL. We also found a mean reduction of around 10% for Castelli II (LDL/HDL) and homocysteine in the EVOO group and TG and the TG/HDL ratio in the DieTBra group. EVOO or DieTBra when administered alone lead to reduction in some cardiometabolic risk parameters in severely obese individuals.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents the Age-Related Shifts of the Distribution of HDL Subclasses and Improves Their Functionality

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Alyann Otrante ◽  
Amal Trigui ◽  
Roua Walha ◽  
Hicham Berrougui ◽  
Tamas Fulop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Subjects

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) maintain cholesterol homeostasis through the role they play in regulating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a process by which excess cholesterol is transported back to the liver for elimination. However, RCT can be altered in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as aging, which contributes to the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) intake on the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL, and to elucidate on the mechanisms by which EVOO intake improves the anti-atherogenic activity of HDL. A total of 84 healthy women and men were enrolled and were distributed, according to age, into two groups: 27 young (31.81 ± 6.79 years) and 57 elderly (70.72 ± 5.6 years) subjects. The subjects in both groups were given 25 mL/d of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for 12 weeks. CEC was measured using J774 macrophages radiolabeled with tritiated cholesterol ((3H) cholesterol). HDL subclass distributions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint® system. The HDL from the elderly subjects exhibited a lower level of CEC, at 11.12% (p < 0.0001), than the HDL from the young subjects. The CEC of the elderly subjects returned to normal levels following 12 weeks of EVOO intake. An analysis of the distribution of HDL subclasses showed that HDL from the elderly subjects were composed of lower levels of large HDL (L-HDL) (p < 0.03) and higher levels of small HDL (S-HDL) (p < 0.002) compared to HDL from the young subjects. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between CEC and L-HDL levels (r = 0.35 and p < 0.001) as well as an inverse correlation between CEC and S-HDL levels (r = −0.27 and p < 0.01). This correlation remained significant even when several variables, including age, sex, and BMI as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose levels (β = 0.28, p < 0.002, and β = 0.24, p = 0.01) were accounted for. Consuming EVOO for 12 weeks modulated the age-related difference in the distribution of HDL subclasses by reducing the level of S-HDL and increasing the level of intermediate-HDL/large-HDL (I-HDL/L-HDL) in the elderly subjects. The age-related alteration of the CEC of HDL was due, in part, to an alteration in the distribution of HDL subclasses. A diet enriched in EVOO improved the functionality of HDL through an increase in I-HDL/L-HDL and a decrease in S-HDL.

Effects of olive oil and its minor constituents on serum lipids, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism in cardiac muscle

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane A. Faine ◽  
Hosana G. Rodrigues ◽  
Cristiano M. Galhardi ◽  
Geovana M.X. Ebaid ◽  
Yeda S. Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides

Recent lines of evidence suggest that the beneficial effects of olive oil are not only related to its high content of oleic acid, but also to the antioxidant potential of its polyphenols. The aim of this work was determine the effects of olive oil and its components, oleic acid and the polyphenol dihydroxyphenylethanol (DPE), on serum lipids, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism on cardiac tissue. Twenty four male Wistar rats, 200 g, were divided into the following 4 groups (n = 6): control (C), OO group that received extra-virgin olive oil (7.5 mL/kg), OA group was treated with oleic acid (3.45 mL/kg), and the DPE group that received the polyphenol DPE (7.5 mg/kg). These components were administered by gavage over 30 days, twice a week. All animals were provided with food and water ad libitum The results show that olive oil was more effective than its isolated components in improving lipid profile, elevating high-density lipoprotein, and diminishing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Olive oil induced decreased antioxidant Mn-superoxide dismutase activity and diminished protein carbonyl concentration, indicating that olive oil may exert direct antioxidant effect on myocardium. DPE, considered as potential antioxidant, induced elevated aerobic metabolism, triacylglycerols, and lipid hydroperoxides concentrations in cardiac muscle, indicating that long-term intake of this polyphenol may induce its undesirable pro-oxidant activity on myocardium.

scholarly journals The Enhanced Beneficial Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Over Evening Primrose Oil on Oxidative Stress, and Liver Function in Male Arthritic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Kandeil ◽  
Sana’a O. Ebrahim ◽  
Basant M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Evening Primrose Oil ◽  
Evening Primrose

Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the enhancing of extra virgin olive (EVOO) and Evening primrose oil (EPO) on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in male Wistar rats and compare between them. Place and Duration: Faculty of Science biochemistry department, Between July 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: A Subcutaneous injection of 200 µl of Freund's complete adjuvant into a footpad of the right hind leg of Wistar male rats at two consecutive days induced RA. Rats received EVOO and EPO daily by oral gavage needle with gauge 18 at doses of 5 mg/kg b.wt./day. for 10 and 21 days. No loss was recorded in the experimental rats. Results: A significant depletion in serum Reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione s transferase activities (GST) in arthritic rats compared to normal rats after 10 and 21 days of induction which improved significantly after 10 and 21 days of EPO and EVOO treatments. EPO and EVOO treatments for 21 days increased the GSH and GPX compared to 10 days treatments while no difference in GST activity. EVOO treatment improved GSH and GPX after 10 and 21 days than EPO treatment. The elevated uric acid levels in arthritic rats were markedly ameliorated as a result of EVOO and EPO treatment administration. Increased lipid peroxidation products (MDA), rheumatoid factor, and liver enzyme (Alanine transaminase ALT and Aspartate transaminase AST) were recorded in arthritic rats and they significantly progressed after EPO and EVOO treatments for 10 and 21 days but EVOO had the best effect at 21 days. Conclusion: EVOO and EPO showed significant antioxidant efficacies and improved affected liver enzymes due to rheumatoid arthritis onset. When comparing olive oil has more antioxidant properties than evening primrose oil, so we recommend more studies on olive oil combination with anti-arthritic medications to improve their efficacies with less toxicity.

scholarly journals Sagunja-Tang Improves Lipid Related Disease in a Postmenopausal Rat Model and HepG2 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroe Go ◽  
Jin Ah Ryuk ◽  
Hye Won Lee ◽  
In Sil Park ◽  
Ki-Jung Kil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Related Disease

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Sagunja-tang on the lipid related disease in a rat model of menopausal hyperlipidemia and lipid accumulation in methyl-β-cyclodextrin-induced HepG2 cells. Inin vivostudy using menopausal hyperlipidemia rats, Sagunja-tang reduced retroperitoneal and perirenal fat, serum lipids, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, media thickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis score, when compared to menopausal hyperlipidemia control rats. In HepG2 cells, Sagunja-tang significantly decreased the lipid accumulation, total cholesterol levels, and low-density/very-low-density lipoprotein levels. Moreover, Sagunja-tang reversed the methyl-β-cyclodextrin-induced decrease in the protein levels of critical molecule involved in cholesterol synthesis, sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor and inhibited protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase as well as activity. Phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase was stimulated by Sagunja-tang. These results suggest that Sagunja-tang has effect on inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation through regulation of cholesterol synthesis and AMPK activityin vitro. These observations support the idea that Sagunja-tang is bioavailable bothin vivoandin vitroand could be developed as a preventive and therapeutic agent of hyperlipidemia in postmenopausal females.

scholarly journals Fe, Zn and Se Bioavailability in Chicken Meat Emulsions Enriched with Minerals, Hydroxytyrosol and Extra Virgin Olive Oil as Measured by Caco-2 Cell Model

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Martínez ◽  
Gaspar Ros ◽  
Gema Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Organic Zn

There is a high demand for functional meat products due to increasing concern about food and health. In this work, Zn and Se bioavailability was increased in chicken meat emulsions that are enriched with Hydroxytyrosol (HXT), a phenolic compound obtained from olive leaf. Six different chicken emulsions were elaborated. Three were made with broiler chicken meat supplemented with inorganic Zn and Se: control, one with HXT (50 ppm) added and one with HXT (50 ppm) and Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) (9.5%) added; and, three were made with chicken meat from chickens fed a diet that was supplemented with organic Zn and Se: control, one with HXT (50 ppm) added and one with HXT (50 ppm) and EVOO (9.5%) added. The samples were digested in vitro and the percent decomposition of phenolic compounds was measured by HPLC. Mineral availability (Fe, Zn and Se) was measured by cell culture of the Caco-2 cell line and the results were compared with mineral standards (Fe, Zn, and Se). The data obtained showed that neither HXT resistance to digestion nor Fe availability was affected by the presence of organic Zn and Se or phenolic compounds. Zn uptake increased in the presence of HXT, but not when its organic form was used, while Se uptake increased but it was not affected by the presence of HXT. It was concluded that the enrichment of meat—endogenously with organic minerals and exogenously with phenolic compounds—could be considered an interesting strategy for future research and applications in the current meat industry.

scholarly journals Biological Relevance of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Metabolites

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Serreli ◽  
Monica Deiana
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.

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