scholarly journals Composition of Royal Jelly (RJ) and Its Anti-Androgenic Effect on Reproductive Parameters in a Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Animal Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Norhamidar Ab Hamid ◽  
Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar ◽  
Anani Aila Mat Zain ◽  
Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain ◽  
Zaidatul Akmal Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Androgenic Effect ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Royal jelly (RJ) has been shown to contribute its positive effects upon imbalance in the reproductive system. However, it remains unknown as to whether RJ has an anti-androgenic effect on reproductive parameters in a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) animal model. Composition of RJ was assessed by phytochemical screening and the LC–MS method. Forty immature female rats (3 weeks, 40–50 g) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 per group), i.e., control, testosterone (T), T+100RJ (100 mg/kg/day), T+200RJ (200 mg/kg/day RJ), and T+400RJ (400 mg/kg/day RJ) groups. Hyperandrogenism was induced by daily subcutaneous injection of T propionate for 3 weeks, followed by oral RJ for 4 weeks. The T+200RJ group had a significantly higher follicle-stimulating hormone level, and significantly lower luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estradiol levels in comparison to the T group. Malondialdehyde level and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower, while total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher in the T+200RJ group compared to the T group. Histologically, the T+200RJ group showed recovery of various stages of ovarian follicular development. RJ at 200 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks significantly improved reproductive parameters in PCOS rats partly due to its anti-androgenic effect through antioxidant action and probably due to modulation on estrogenic activity, which needs further study to evaluate its exact mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Ficus deltoidea ameliorates biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aliff Haslan ◽  
Nurdiana Samsulrizal ◽  
Nooraain Hashim ◽  
Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin ◽  
Farshad Hosseini Shirazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ficus Deltoidea ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract Background: Insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances are key features in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We have shown that Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) can improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal profile in PCOS female rats. However, biological characteristics underpinning the therapeutic effects of F. deltoidea for treating PCOS remain to be clarified. This study aims to investigate the biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole (LTZ)-induced PCOS female rats following treatment with F. deltoidea.Methods: PCOS was induced in rats except for normal control by administering LTZ at 1 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Methanolic extract of F. deltoidea leaf was then orally administered to the PCOS rats at the dose of 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively for 15 consecutive days. Lipid profile was measured enzymatically in serum. The circulating concentrations of reproductive hormone and antioxidant enzymes were determined by ELISA assays. Ovarian and uterus histomorphometric changes were further observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.Results: The results showed that treatment with F. deltoidea at the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day reduced insulin resistance, obesity indices, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to near-normal levels in PCOS rats. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), estrogen, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) also similar to those observed in normal control rats. Histomorphometric measurements confirmed that F. deltoidea increased the corpus luteum number and the endometrial thickness.Conclusions: F. deltoidea can reverse PCOS symptoms in female rats by improving insulin sensitivity, antioxidant activities, hormonal imbalance, and histological changes. These findings suggest the potential use of F. deltoidea as an adjuvant agent in the treatment program of PCOS.

scholarly journals Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome and role of CYP gene variants: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sairish Ashraf ◽  
Mudasar Nabi ◽  
Shayaq ul Abeer Rasool ◽  
Fouzia Rashid ◽  
Shajrul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Hallmark Feature ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The pathophysiology of PCOS is not clear; however, disturbance in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and abnormal steroidogenesis along with genetic and environmental factors act as main contributors to this disorder. Main text Hyperandrogenism, the hallmark feature of PCOS, is clinically manifested as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. Excessive androgen production by ovaries as well as from adrenals contributes to hyperandrogenism. Abnormalities in the neuroendocrine system like increased pulse frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, stimulating the pituitary for excessive production of luteinizing hormone than that of follicle-stimulating hormone is seen in PCOS women. Excess LH stimulates ovarian androgen production, whereas a relative deficit in FSH impairs follicular development. The imbalance in LH: FSH causes proliferation of ovarian theca cells leading to increased steroidogenesis, and ultimately leading to hyperandrogenism in PCOS women. Various genetic factors have been shown to be associated with abnormal steroidogenesis. CYP genes involved in steroidogenesis play an important role in androgen production and are considered as key players in hyperandrogenism in PCOS. Conclusion Polymorphisms in CYP genes can aggravate the hyperandrogenic phenotype in women with PCOS by either upregulating or downregulating their expression, thus increasing androgens further. However, this hypothesis needs to be validated by further studies.

scholarly journals Infertility Riding on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Review of Treatment Modalities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Reenoo Jauhari ◽  
Prashant Mathur ◽  
Vineeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest cause of anovulatory infertility. Depending on the population studied between 5 and 18% of women of reproductive age suffer from PCOS, however not all of them are anovulatory or experience subfertility. PCOS has been associated with numerous reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. Despite enormous advances in the management of reproductive dysfunction, insight into the metabolic implications of PCOS is limited by the lack of uniform diagnostic criteria, the heterogeneity of the condition and the presence of confounders including obesity. Obesity clearly has a role in long term health and may best predict both reproductive and metabolic dysfunction as well as negatively affect the response to treatment in women with PCOS. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer are also at the forefront of any risk assessment or comprehensive treatment strategy for these women. Lifestyle modifications including dietary changes, increased exercise and weight loss are appropriate first line interventions for many women with PCOS. Pharmaceuticals including metformin, lipid lowering agents and oral contraceptives should be tailored to the individual’s risk profile and treatment goals. The fertility treatment in women with subfertility and PCOS aimed to safely induce monofollicular ovulation resulting in the birth of a singleton child. Women with PCOS undergoing fertility treatment are at risk of multi-follicular development as well as ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome (OHSS), so they must be carefully counselled and monitored during fertility treatment. It is imperative that prior to embarking on fertility treatment, a patient’s health and weight is optimised. This chapter will explore the latest evidence for fertility treatments for women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Rats with Hyperandrogenic Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Chenghao Yang ◽  
Huiyu Xie ◽  
Yinghong Liu ◽  
Yuanpeng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Hyperandrogenism is a key pathologic characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and exercise can alleviate the accompanying inflammation and decrease the high androgen levels, but the mechanism is still unclear, so the purpose of this study is to explore the pathophysiologic characteristics of hyperandrogenic PCOS and the mechanism underlying its amelioration with aerobic exercise. Thirty-two female rats were randomly allocated to a normal control group (NC, n = 8), exercise control group (EC, n = 8), PCOS group (PC, n = 8), and PCOS plus exercise group (PE, n = 8). The PC and PE groups were injected with a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) solution to induce the hyperandrogenic PCOS rat model. The EC and PE groups underwent a Masashi swimming protocol (120 min per session, 6 days/week, for 15 days). Results indicated that the concentrations of leptin (LP) in the EC group were significantly lower than those in the NC group ( p < 0.05 ). Compared with the NC group, the levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LP, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and free fatty acids (FFA) were all significantly augmented in the PC group (all p < 0.05 ). In addition, compared with the NC group, the levels of adiponectin (ADP) were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05 ), and the expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in ovarian tissue was significantly elevated in the PC group ( p < 0.05 ). The levels of T, FSH, LP, and FFA were also significantly increased in the PE group ( p < 0.05 ). Compared with the PC group, the levels of T and LP in the PE group were significantly diminished ( p < 0.05 ), and the levels of ADP were significantly increased in the PE group ( p < 0.05 ). T was positively correlated with E2, FSH, AMH, LP, TNF-α, IL-6, and FFA levels, while ADP was negatively correlated with LP and E2. These results showed that hyperandrogenism, chronic low-grade inflammation, and leptin resistance may interact to influence the occurrence and development of PCOS. Aerobic exercise can alleviate the internal inflammation by relieving leptin resistance and may mitigate the sex hormone disorder and hyperandrogenism in rats with PCOS by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

scholarly journals Is Surrogate LH Surge Essential in All Induced Cycles?

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Mosammat Rashida Begum ◽  
Mariya Ehsan ◽  
Mosammat Shahina Begum ◽  
Farzana Khan ◽  
Maruf Siddiqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Objective: Aim of this study was to identify the necessity of use of exogenous or surrogate  LH for triggering of ovulation in induced cycles. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Infertility Care and Research Center (ICRC) Dhaka, Bangladesh. Three hundred anovulatory patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were the target population for this study. The patients were treated by  different ovulation inducing agents to produce mature follicles. When follicle got the size of 18 mm or more LH was given to 150 patients (Group A) and 150 patients did not receive LH (Group B). Follicular rupture was monitored by USG. Main outcome measure was rupture of the follicle.Result: In group A 33.33% and in group B 34.67% patients responded by letrozole only, whereas 66.66% in group A and 65.34% in group B needed additional drugs like metformin glucocorticoids and gonadotropins. In both the groups response was similar in terms of number of follicular recruitment, follicular maturity, endometrial development and hormone production. Follicular rupture rate was similar in both hCG and non-hCG treated group. LUFS was detected only in 2.67% in group A and 2% cases in group B.Conclusion: If follicular development is adequate exogenous LH is not necessary for triggering of ovulation in all stimulated cycles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i2.13783 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(2) : 72-76  

Phytoestrogenic Effects of Various Levels of Soy Isoflavones in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishaf Mazhar ◽  
Mehr Un Nisa ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract Background: Soy isoflavones (SI) has estrogenic effect in tissues by binding to estrogen receptors and might be beneficial for women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) by reduction in testosterone, cholesterol , Insulin , weight gain, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Methods: The study was plane to examine the effect of various levels of SI on nutrient intake, digestibility, lipid profile, insulin and reproductive hormones of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM) PCOS induced rat models. Thirty-Six Wistar 45 days old rats weighing 95 ± 5g were divided into 4 groups, each having 9 rats: C (control: without SF), SF10 (SF 0.10g/Kg BW), SF15 (SF 0.15g/Kg BW) and SF20 (SF 0.20g/Kg BW). SF was given through the oral gavage. Food and water were offered ad libitum and intake was recorded daily. Body weight was recorded on weekly basis. During last week of trial, collected feces by total collection method and blood samples were used to calculate nutrient digestibility and biochemical analysis respectively. The Completely Randomized Design and LSD test were used to analyze the data. Results: The significant results were observed in female rats fed SF10, SF15 and SF20 compared to C. Estrogen, progesterone and prolactin were (P<0.05) high in rats fed SF diet that was 4 and 30% increase from C respectively. Insulin, Testosterone, FSH and LH were lowest in rats fed diet SF20. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in cholesterol was observed in rats fed SF15 and SF20 as compared to C. Serum HDL was improved (P<0.05) in all SIF 0.10 , SIF 0.15 and SIF 0.20 as 26.88±1.59 (mg/dl), 32.40±1.42 (mg/dl) and 53.44±1.50 (mg/dl) in comparison to PC. Serum LDL was significantly reduced to 68.89±4.36 (mg/dl) in SIF 0.20 , and to 108.20±4.14 (mg/dl) in SIF 0.15 whereas, insignificant reduction was observed in SIF 0.10 (127.75±4.62 mg/dl) as compared to PC. Highly significant reduction was noted in triglycerides level in SIF 0.20 as 115.00±2.04 (mg/dl), however, significant reduction was observed in both SIF 0.10 and SIF 0.15 as compared to PC after three months of treatment with soy isoflavones.Conclusions: It is concluded that soy isoflavones have potential role on reproductive hormones, insulin levels, weight, lipid profile and nutrient digestibility in PCOS induced rats.

Abstract P259: Characterization of Hyperandrogenemic Female Rats With History of Pregnancy

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan N Patil ◽  
Carolina Dalmasso ◽  
Rodrigo O Maranon ◽  
Jane F Reckelhoff
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Pregnancy History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irregular Menses ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) experience hyperandrogenemia, elevated MAP, irregular menses, and difficulty becoming pregnant. As a result many PCOS women undergo assisted fertilization. The long-term cardiovascular consequences of pregnancy in PCOS women are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that a single pregnancy attenuates cardio-renal parameters in hyperandrogenemic female rats, a model of PCOS. Female SD rats were implanted with Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 7.5mg/90d; replaced every 85 d) or placebo pellets, beginning at 6 wks of age. At 3 months females were paired with SD males. After delivery and lactation, females were divided into placebo (PL) or DHT rats with (P) or without pregnancy (NP) and allowed to age to 10 mos (still estrous cycling) or 16 mos (post cycling) (n=5-8/grp). At 10 mos, body weight (BW), proteinuria (UPrV), and MAP were higher in DHT than PL rats, and pregnancy history had little effect. At 16 mos, BW was higher in DHT than PL rats, and was similar in NP and P groups. UPrV and MAP were also higher in DHT groups than PL, but were significantly attenuated in DHT-P vs DHT-NP. These data suggest that pregnancy in women with PCOS may be cardiovascular protective with aging. The mechanisms remain to be determined. a, p<0.05 vs PL-NP; b, p<0.05 vs PL-P; c, p<0.05 vs DHT-NP, mean ± SEM, two-way ANOVA. Supported by NIH-R01HL66072, PO1HL51971 (JFR).

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