scholarly journals Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Rats with Hyperandrogenic Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Chenghao Yang ◽  
Huiyu Xie ◽  
Yinghong Liu ◽  
Yuanpeng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Hyperandrogenism is a key pathologic characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and exercise can alleviate the accompanying inflammation and decrease the high androgen levels, but the mechanism is still unclear, so the purpose of this study is to explore the pathophysiologic characteristics of hyperandrogenic PCOS and the mechanism underlying its amelioration with aerobic exercise. Thirty-two female rats were randomly allocated to a normal control group (NC, n = 8), exercise control group (EC, n = 8), PCOS group (PC, n = 8), and PCOS plus exercise group (PE, n = 8). The PC and PE groups were injected with a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) solution to induce the hyperandrogenic PCOS rat model. The EC and PE groups underwent a Masashi swimming protocol (120 min per session, 6 days/week, for 15 days). Results indicated that the concentrations of leptin (LP) in the EC group were significantly lower than those in the NC group ( p < 0.05 ). Compared with the NC group, the levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LP, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and free fatty acids (FFA) were all significantly augmented in the PC group (all p < 0.05 ). In addition, compared with the NC group, the levels of adiponectin (ADP) were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05 ), and the expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in ovarian tissue was significantly elevated in the PC group ( p < 0.05 ). The levels of T, FSH, LP, and FFA were also significantly increased in the PE group ( p < 0.05 ). Compared with the PC group, the levels of T and LP in the PE group were significantly diminished ( p < 0.05 ), and the levels of ADP were significantly increased in the PE group ( p < 0.05 ). T was positively correlated with E2, FSH, AMH, LP, TNF-α, IL-6, and FFA levels, while ADP was negatively correlated with LP and E2. These results showed that hyperandrogenism, chronic low-grade inflammation, and leptin resistance may interact to influence the occurrence and development of PCOS. Aerobic exercise can alleviate the internal inflammation by relieving leptin resistance and may mitigate the sex hormone disorder and hyperandrogenism in rats with PCOS by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.

scholarly journals Polyphenols from Passiflora ligularis Regulate Inflammatory Markers and Weight Gain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Jaime Angel-Isaza ◽  
Juan Carlos Carmona-Hernandez ◽  
William Narváez-Solarte ◽  
Clara Helena Gonzalez-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Weight-related disorders affect more than half of the adult population worldwide; they are also concomitant with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation manifesting in abnormal cytokine production. The present study evaluated the effect of polyphenol and flavonoid extract from Passiflora ligularis (granadilla) on low-grade inflammation and body weight in overweight Wistar rats. To induce weight-gain, rats were fed a chow diet with 30% sucrose water and supplemented with 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 g/L polyphenol extracts (n = 16). The design was a 3 +1 factorial model performed for 42 days (granadilla polyphenols, 3 levels of supplementation, and 1 control group). In addition to total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, the major identified and quantified polyphenol, via UHPLC, was ferulic acid. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated in serum. A decline in the concentration of TNF-α and in weight-gain was found in P. ligularis (granadilla) groups treated with the 2.5 g/L dose. Consumption of polyphenol extracts from granadilla inhibits interleukin-activity as an indicator of inflammation and aids in body-weight control, considering similar food intake, in overweight Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Study the efficacy of cyproterone and metformin in modulation of hormonal disturbances in estrogen valerate induced PCOS in female rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 055-058
Author(s):  
Wajdy Jabbar Majid ◽  
Tayseer Ali Talab ◽  
Muslim Nahi Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Hormonal Levels

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women in child bearing age and is considered the main cause of infertility. This study aims to determine the efficacy of cyproterone 12 mg/ kg and metformin 50 mg/kg as a single oral daily dose for 20 days, in PCOS induced in female rats by estrogen valerate. In untreated group PCOS, the level of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly (P< 0.0001) decrease, while estradiol and testosterone levels were increased significantly (P< 0.0001 and P< 0.001 respectively) in comparison with control group. Both cyproterone and metformin significantly increased LH and FSH levels (P< 0.05) compared to the untreated PCOS group. Both cyproterone and metformin reduced the level of estradiol hormone significantly (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively). Cyproterone also decreased the level of testosterone (P <0.0001) compared to the untreated PCOS group, and the testosterone level became less than that recorded in the control group (P <0.05), Metformin also significantly decreased the level of testosterone compared to the untreated PCOS group (P <0.01), but it still more than that in control. According to the results of the current study, we can conclude that cyproterone and metformin showed an efficacy in the treatment of PCO, and can restore the normal hormonal levels and should be considered in the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals C850T Polymorphism in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha gene in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Physiological Genetic Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1714-1718
Author(s):  
Omaima Nassir
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The most common endocrinopathy in women is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Obesity is linked to PCOS and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), which is followed by hyperandrogenism and enhanced insulin resistance. Previous case-control and meta-analysis studies on the TNF-a gene and PCOS women relied heavily on the -C850T polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate the Elisa levels and -C850T (rs1799724) polymorphism in TNF-α gene with PCOS women in the Saudi women. In this case-control study, 50 PCOS patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited, and plasma levels of TNF-α were evaluated using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), and extracted DNA was utilized to explore the -C850T polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The limited and digested PCR products were run on an Agarose gel to test for the -C850T polymorphism. Elevated Elisa levels were found in CT genotype and gene polymorphism studies showed 12% of CT genotypes was documented in PCOS women and 14% in control women. None of the genotypes or allele frequencies were associated with a positive relationship between PCOS women and controls. The CT genotype had higher TNF-α levels than the CC genotype, and the C850T polymorphism was not related with PCOS in women, according to the findings of this study.

Effect of Chinese Herbal Monomer Hairy Calycosin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Rats and its Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Zhi-Hong Xie ◽  
Chen-Yuan Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Model Control

Background: Chinese herbal monomer hairy Calycosin is a flavonoid extracted from Radix astragali. Aims and Scope: The aim of the research was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Hairy Calycosin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Dieases (NAFLD) in rats. Materials and Methods: 60 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, then NAFLD rat models were prepared and treated with different doses of Hairy Calycosin (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) or Kathyle relatively. Results: Both 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg Hairy Calycosin treatment could significantly increase the serum Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) content of the model rats and reduce the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and liver homogenate malondialdehyde (MDA), while 2.0 mg/kg Hairy Calycosin can down-regulate liver tissue cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1). In the electron microscope, compared with the model control group, the mitochondrial swelling in the hepatocytes of Hairy Calycosin (1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) treatment group was significantly reduced, the ridge on the inner membrane of mitochondria increased, and the lipid droplets became much smaller. Conclusion: Hairy Calycosin can effectively control the lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of rats with NAFLD, and reduce the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and FFA, effectively improve the steatosis and inflammation of liver tissue, and down-regulate the expression of CYP2E1, inhibit apoptosis of hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Leukocyte Entry into the Brain by the Selectin Blocker Fucoidin Decreases Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Levels but Increases IL-8 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis in Rabbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 3153-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Østergaard ◽  
Runa Vavia Yieng-Kow ◽  
Thomas Benfield ◽  
Niels Frimodt-Møller ◽  
Frank Espersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide fucoidin is a selectin blocker that inhibits leukocyte recruitment into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. In the present study, the effect of fucoidin treatment on the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-8 into the CSF was investigated. Rabbits (n = 7) were treated intravenously with 10 mg of fucoidin/kg of body weight every second hour starting 4 h after intracisternal inoculation of ∼106 CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (untreated control group, n = 7). CSF samples were obtained every second hour during a 16-h study period. Treatment with fucoidin caused a consistent and significant decrease in CSF IL-1 levels (in picograms per milliliter) between 12 and 16 h (0 versus 170, 0 versus 526, and 60 versus 1,467, respectively;P < 0.02). A less consistent decrease in CSF TNF-α levels was observed in the fucoidin-treated group, but with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, there was no attenuation in CSF IL-8 levels. Indeed, there was a significant increase in CSF IL-8 levels (in picograms per milliliter) in the fucoidin-treated group at 10 and 12 h (921 versus 574 and 1,397 versus 569, respectively;P < 0.09). In conclusion, our results suggest that blood-derived leukocytes mainly are responsible for the release of IL-1 and to some degree TNF-α into the CSF during pneumococcal meningitis, whereas IL-8 may be produced by local cells within the brain.

Effect of Sildenafil in Endometrial Ripening with Induction of Ovulation by Clomiphene Citrate in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome; Double Blinded; Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Dalia Mohammed Mohammed El-Khaldy ◽  
Mohamed Saeed Khallaf ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Nour Eldin Hashad ◽  
Ibrahim Shazly Mohamed Amen Elshazly
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Back ground: World Health Organization (WHO) defines infertility as a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, 8 to 12 percent of couples experience fertility problems. Causes of infertility in women were as follows: menstrual disorders (disorders of cycle length and flow) 62.6%, diseases (obesity, thyroid diseases, diabetes) 58.7%, impaired ovulation (hormonal disorders, oligoovulation and anovulation) 50.3%, uterine causes 16.7%, tubal factor 15.4%, and cervical causes 7.9%. In the male factor fertility there was semen abnormalities (44.6%), genetic factors (29.8%), anti-spermatogenesis agents (11%), and vascular disorders (17.2%). Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of sildenafil in endometrial ripening with induction of ovulation by clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Patients and methods: It is a randomized controlled trial on 65 infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome; patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. In control group, 31 patients were given oral sildenafil, one tablet every 12 hrs. From 2nd day of the cycle till 12th day and clomiphene citrate, one tablet every 12 hours, for 5 days from 3rd day of the menstrual cycle. In study group, 34 patients were given oral placebo, one tablet every 12 hrs. From 2nd day of the cycle till 12th day and clomiphene citrate, one tablet every 12 hours, for 5 days from 3rd day of the menstrual cycle. A transvaginal ultrasound was performed to evaluated the endometrial thickness before and after treatment, the follicularometeric was measured on day 11 and day13. Uterine artery Doppler was then measured. Qualitative serum B-hCG level was checked 14 days after ovulation to assess clinical pregnancy rate. Design: Prospective, Double blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Obstetrics & Gynecology outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University Hospital. Study duration: 3 months. Results: The present study was a double-blind, randomized, controlled study that was conducted on 65 women with PCOS who underwent induction of ovulation by Clomiphene citrate in outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University hospital. Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that follicular supplementation of sildenafil citrate (oral or vaginal), alone or adjuvant therapy can be used for improving the EM and clinical pregnancy rate in women undergoing assisted reproduction. However, given the methodological limitations the current evidence does not support its use in clinical practice yet. Future high-quality RCT with large sample size to evaluate the sildenafil citrate effect in women undergoing assisted reproduction are needed. Future RCTs should focus on type of processing, stage of embryo, embryo quality, dosage, time of administration, type of control group, in order to identify the groups of patients who would benefit the most from this intervention and the most appropriate dosage, time, and type of sildenafil citrate which would have the most positive effect and the less possible side effects.

Oxydative stress markers and cytokine levels in rosuvastatin-medicated hypercholesterolemia patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538
Author(s):  
Aysun Çetin ◽  
İhsan Çetin ◽  
Semih Yılmaz ◽  
Ahmet Şen ◽  
Göktuğ Savaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenotypic Effect ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Limited research is available concerning the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation parameters, and simultaneously the effects of rosuvastatin on these markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia. We aimed to investigate the connection between cytokines and oxidative stress markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after rosuvastatin treatment. Methods The study consisted of 30 hypercholesterolemic patients diagnosed with routine laboratory tests and 30 healthy participants. The lipid parameters, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in controls and patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after 12-week treatment with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), were analyzed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results It was found that a 12-week cure with rosuvastatin resulted in substantial reductions in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and MDA levels as in rising activities of PON1 in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Before treatment, the PON1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-6 in control group, while it was positively correlated with TNF-α in patients. Conclusion Our outcomes provide evidence of protected effect of rosuvastatin for inflammation and oxidative damage. It will be of great interest to determine whether the correlation between PON1 and cytokines has any phenotypic effect on PON1.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) DAN Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β) PADA PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS KRONIS AKIBAT INDUKSI Enterococcus faecalis PADA TIKUS WISTAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Richard Fritzgerald ◽  
Cecilia Lunardhi ◽  
Ruslan Effendy ◽  
Tamara Yuanita
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transforming Growth Factors ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background. Root canal treatment is a main role in decreasing infection from root canal and pulp. The main cause of periapical damage mostly are bacteries. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation then lead to bone destruction. LTA stimulates immunology reaction that produce Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-ß). TNF-α is a main mediator and also have an important role in inflamation response otherwise TGF-ß is working as a multifunction  regulator of cell growth and differentiation during reforming and remodelling.  Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided into 3 main groups, Group A (control negative) : normal tooth. Group B (control positive) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHI-b. Group C (treated group) : every tooth  was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU). The animals were sacrificed 21 days later and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry  followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of TNF-α at treated group are higher than negative control and positive control but the expression of  TGF-ß at treated group are higher than the negative control group but lower than positive control. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß are changing during the periapical tissue damage that induced by E.faecalis.

scholarly journals Investigation Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in nonobese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Zafari Zangeneh ◽  
Maryam Sarmast Shoushtari ◽  
Sahar Shojaee ◽  
Elahe Aboutorabi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trp64arg Polymorphism ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor Gene

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that has a potent inheritable component based on familial clustering. Despite many studies in the genetic field of PCOS, the genes that are involved in the causes of this syndrome have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the occurrence of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3 adrenergic receptor in non-obese women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women with PCOS and normal women as the control group in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran in 2016-2017. Peripheral blood sample (2 cc) was obtained from two groups for genomic DNA based on the gene bank. Polymorphisms were genotyped by of using ADRB3 Trp64Arg. Then the DNA was extracted by genomic kiagen kit. The primer was analyzed for PCR based on gene bank by using Primer3 software and then confirmed by primer Blast tool at NCBI site to conformity to the beta-3 adrenergic receptor gene. The protein changes were assessment by the Clastal W software. Results: The sequence analysis presented in NCBI, transcript variant 1, with the code NM_000025.2, shows changes in the amino acid sequence of exon 1 in women with PCOS. Polymorphism in the codon 64 encoding the amino acid tryptophan (W) occurred in the nucleotide c.T190C, which changed the nucleotide T to C and then the amino acid sequence of the tryptophan was altered to arginine pW64R. Conclusion: T-C polymorphism is evident in the codon 64 of the adrenergic β3 receptor in patients with PCOS. Therefore, Beta3 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism (Thr164Ile) associates with this syndrome in nonobese women. Key words: Codon 64, Beta-3 adrenergic receptor, Polymorphism, Polycystic ovarian syndrome.

scholarly journals Mental and personality disorders in infertile women with polycystic ovary: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241-1249
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Faramarzi ◽  
Zahra Basirat ◽  
Farzan Kheirkhah ◽  
Mohammad Chehrazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Objective: The current study investigated mental and personality disorders in infertile women with and without PCOS. Methods: This case-control study evaluated 400 infertile women who referred to the Infertility Center in Babol city (North of Iran). Participants were categorized into the case group (201 PCOS) and the control group (199 without PCOS). All of the participants completed the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Results: The mean scores for clinical personality patterns were significantly higher for six personality disorders (schiz- oid, avoidant, antisocial, depressive, sadistic, and negativistic) and for three classes of severe personality disorder patterns (schizotypal, borderline, and paranoid) in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. The mean scores for eight clinical disorders (somatoform, manic disorder, dysthymia, alcohol-dependence, drug-dependence, post-trauma stress disorder, major depression, and delusion disorder) were also higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Conclusion: The scores of many mental and personality disorders are higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Thus, clinicians should prioritize recognizing and treating psychological problems of infertile women with PCOS. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; infertility; personality disorders.

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