scholarly journals Multidirectional Pharma-Toxicological Study on Harpagophytum procumbens DC. ex Meisn.: An IBD-Focused Investigation

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Recinella ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽  
Maurizio Ronci ◽  
Luigi Menghini ◽  
Luigi Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Toxicological Study ◽  
Microbiological Investigation ◽  
Tissue Morphology ◽  
Harpagophytum Procumbens ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Antimicrobial Barrier

In the present study, we investigated the water extract of Harpagophytum procumbens DC. ex Meisn. in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Additionally, a microbiological investigation was carried out to discriminate the efficacy against bacterial and fungal strains involved in IBDs. Finally, an untargeted proteomic analysis was conducted on more than one hundred colon proteins involved in tissue morphology and metabolism. The extract was effective in blunting the production of oxidative stress and inflammation, including serotonin, prostaglandins, cytokines, and transcription factors. Additionally, the extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. The extract was also able to exert a pro-homeostatic effect on the levels of a wide plethora of colon proteins, thus corroborating a protective effect. Conversely, the supraphysiological downregulation of cytoskeletal-related proteins involved in tissue morphology and antimicrobial barrier function suggests a warning in the use of food supplements containing H. procumbens extracts.

Pathogenic aspects and therapeutic avenues of intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Zorzi ◽  
Emma Calabrese ◽  
Giovanni Monteleone
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Ecm Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Related Proteins

In Crohn's disease, one of the two major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases in human beings, persistent and chronic inflammation promotes fibrotic processes thereby facilitating formation of strictures, the most common indication for surgical intervention in this disorder. The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease-associated fibrosis is not fully understood, but variants of genes involved in the recognition of microbial components/products [e.g. CARD15 (caspase-activating recruitment domain 15) and ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1)] are associated with this phenotype, and experimental evidence suggests that intestinal fibrosis results from an altered balance between deposition of ECM (extracellular matrix) and degradation of ECM by proteases. Studies have also contributed to identify the main phenotypic and functional alterations of cells involved in the fibrogenic process, as well as molecules that stimulate such cells to produce elevated amounts of collagen and other ECM-related proteins. In the present review, we assess the current knowledge about cellular and molecular mediators of intestinal fibrosis and describe results of recent studies aimed at testing the preventive/therapeutic effect of compounds in experimental models of intestinal fibrosis.

scholarly journals Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Importance in Pathogenesis and Potential Therapy Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna Socha-Banasiak ◽  
Patrycja Sputa-Grzegrzółka ◽  
Jędrzej Grzegrzółka ◽  
Krzysztof Pacześ ◽  
Piotr Dzięgiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Therapy Target ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins

Immunological disorders, increased oxidative stress, and damage to the epithelial barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In the treatment of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), it is increasingly common to use biological drugs that selectively affect individual components of the inflammatory cascade. However, administering the medicines currently available does not always result in obtaining and maintaining remission, and it may also lead to the development of resistance to a given agent over time. Metallothioneins (MTs) belong to the group of low molecular weight proteins, which, among others, regulate the inflammation and homeostasis of heavy metals as well as participating in the regulation of the intensity of oxidative stress. The results of the studies conducted so far do not clearly indicate the role of MTs in the process of inflammation in patients with IBD. However, there are reports that suggest the possibility of using MTs as a potential target in the treatment of this group of patients.

scholarly journals Defining the microbial transcriptional response to colitis through integrated host and microbiome profiling

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2389-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Edward Ilott ◽  
Julia Bollrath ◽  
Camille Danne ◽  
Chris Schiering ◽  
Matthew Shale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Microbiome Profiling

Abstract The gut microbiome is significantly altered in inflammatory bowel diseases, but the basis of these changes is not well understood. We have combined metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiling of the gut microbiome to assess modifications to both bacterial community structure and transcriptional activity in a mouse model of colitis. By using transcriptomic analysis of colonic tissue and luminal RNA derived from the host, we have also characterised how host transcription relates to the microbial transcriptional response in inflammation. In colitis, increased abundance and transcription of diverse microbial gene families involved in responses to nutrient deprivation, antimicrobial peptide production and oxidative stress support an adaptation of multiple commensal genera to withstand a diverse set of environmental stressors in the inflammatory environment. These data are supported by a transcriptional signature of activated macrophages and granulocytes in the gut lumen during colitis, a signature that includes the transcription of the key antimicrobial genes S100a8 and S100a9 (calprotectin). Genes involved in microbial resistance to oxidative stress, including Dps/ferritin, Fe-dependent peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were identified as changing to a greater extent at the level of transcription than would be predicted by DNA abundance changes, implicating a role for increased oxygen tension and/or host-derived reactive oxygen species in driving transcriptional changes in commensal microbes.

Probiotics Efficacy on Oxidative Stress Values in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
Luigi Santacroce ◽  
Stefania Cantore ◽  
Lucrezia Bottalico ◽  
Gianna Dipalma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Bap Test

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are described as a chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon, caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare probiotic therapy versus placebo in Oxidative Stress Values and clinical features in patients affected by IBD. Method: Forty (40) patients previously diagnosed for IBD were recruited and randomized to receive probiotics (test group, n=20) or placebo (control group, n=20) administered for 90 days. Subjects in both the groups were assessed for overall oxidant ability (d-ROMs test) and for the antioxidant response (BAP test): data were reported at baseline, after 1 and 3 months. Additional data from anamnesis and haematological investigation were also reported during the study. Results: d-ROM assay clearly showed that the values observed in the test group were significantly improved, leading to oxidative stress values which are not pathological. The test group showed increasing BAP values, thus confirming the overall improvements of patients ‘health following administration of probiotics. Conclusion: Oral administration of the specific probiotics demonstrated its efficacy and safety on patients affected by IBD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Markers in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka ◽  
Radosław Kempiński ◽  
Mariusz A. Bromke ◽  
Katarzyna Neubauer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Progression Marker ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Precise diagnostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is still missing. We conducted a comprehensive overview of oxidative stress markers (OSMs) as potential diagnostic, differential, progression, and prognostic markers in IBD. A Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus search of original articles on OSMs in IBD, published between January 2000 and April 2020, was conducted. Out of 874 articles, 79 eligible studies were identified and used to prepare the interpretative synthesis. Antioxidants followed by lipid peroxidation markers were the most popular and markers of oxidative DNA damage the least popular. There was a disparity in the number of retrieved papers evaluating biomarkers in the adult and pediatric population (n = 6). Of the reviewed OSMs, a promising performance has been reported for serum total antioxidant status as a mucosal healing marker, mucosal 8-OHdG as a progression marker, and for multi-analyte panels of lipid peroxidation products assessed non-invasively in breath as diagnostic and differential markers in the pediatric population. Bilirubin, in turn, was the only validated marker. There is a desperate need for non-invasive biomarkers in IBD which, however, will not be met in the near future by oxidative stress markers as they are promising but mostly at the early research phase of discovery.

scholarly journals Probiotic Nutrition for Gastrointestinal Health Modulations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study (P20-021-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Saini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Objectives Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are described as a chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon, caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. The aim of this study was to compare probiotic therapy versus placebo in Oxidative Stress Values and clinical features in patients affected by IBD. Methods 40 patients previously diagnosed for IBD were recruited and randomized to receive probiotics (test group, n = 20) or placebo (control group, n = 20) administered for 90 days. Subjects in both the groups were assessed for overall oxidant ability (d-ROMs test) and for the antioxidant response (BAP test): data were reported at baseline, after 1 and 3 months. Additional data from anamnesis and haematological investigation were also reported during the study. Results d-ROM assay clearly showed that the values observed in the test group were significantly improved (436 ± 25 to 345 ± 29), leading to oxidative stress values, which are not pathological. The test group showed increasing BAP values (1740 ± 125 to 2150 ± 125), thus confirming the overall improvements of patient's health following administration of probiotics. Conclusions Oral administration of the multi strain probiotics demonstrated its efficacy and safety on patients affected by IBD. Funding Sources There is no funding source.

scholarly journals Nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis: Influence of diet on gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tomasello ◽  
Margherita Mazzola ◽  
Angelo Leone ◽  
Emanuele Sinagra ◽  
Giovanni Zummo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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