scholarly journals Nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis: Influence of diet on gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tomasello ◽  
Margherita Mazzola ◽  
Angelo Leone ◽  
Emanuele Sinagra ◽  
Giovanni Zummo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Host-Microbial-Environmental Interactions in Dysbiosis

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Catherine Colquhoun ◽  
Michelle Duncan ◽  
George Grant
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are world-wide health problems in which intestinal dysbiosis or adverse functional changes in the microbiome are causative or exacerbating factors. The reduced abundance and diversity of the microbiome may be a result of a lack of exposure to vital commensal microbes or overexposure to competitive pathobionts during early life. Alternatively, many commensal bacteria may not find a suitable intestinal niche or fail to proliferate or function in a protective/competitive manner if they do colonize. Bacteria express a range of factors, such as fimbriae, flagella, and secretory compounds that enable them to attach to the gut, modulate metabolism, and outcompete other species. However, the host also releases factors, such as secretory IgA, antimicrobial factors, hormones, and mucins, which can prevent or regulate bacterial interactions with the gut or disable the bacterium. The delicate balance between these competing host and bacteria factors dictates whether a bacterium can colonize, proliferate or function in the intestine. Impaired functioning of NOD2 in Paneth cells and disrupted colonic mucus production are exacerbating features of CD and UC, respectively, that contribute to dysbiosis. This review evaluates the roles of these and other the host, bacterial and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals The Use of Probiotic Therapy to Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cell Responses in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Alagón Fernández del Campo ◽  
Alejandro De Orta Pando ◽  
Juan Ignacio Straface ◽  
José Ricardo López Vega ◽  
Diego Toledo Plata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

: Recent investigations have shown that different conditions such as diet, the overuse of antibiotics or the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms can alter the population status of the intestinal microbiota. This modification can produce a change from homeostasis to a condition known as imbalance or dysbiosis; however, the role-played by dysbiosis and the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been poorly understood. It was actually not until a few years ago that studies started to develop regarding the role that dendritic cells (DC) of intestinal mucosa play in the sensing of the gut microbiota population. The latest studies have focused on describing the DC modulation, specifically on tolerance response involving T regulatory cells or on the inflammatory response involving reactive oxygen species and tissue damage. Furthermore, the latest studies have also focused on the protective and restorative effect of the population of the gut microbiota given by probiotic therapy, targeting IBD and other intestinal pathologies. In the present work, the authors propose and summarize a recently studied complex axis of interaction between the population of the gut microbiota, the sensing of the DC and its modulation towards tolerance and inflammation, the development of IBD and the protective and restorative effect of probiotics on other intestinal pathologies.

scholarly journals Cross-Study Analyses of Gut Microbiomes from Healthy and Obese Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Deraspe ◽  
Charles Burdet ◽  
Juan Manuel Dominguez ◽  
François Laviolette ◽  
Paul H Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Functional Composition ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background: With the advent of metagenomics, many large studies have been conducted with the quest of better understanding gut microbiota changes in relation to varying health conditions. Significant findings have been made for diseases such as cirrhosis, colorectal cancers, inflammatory bowel diseases and others, yet one that stands out is obesity for which conflicting results have been reported in the literature. Methods: Here, we built and analyzed a cross-study dataset of healthy and obese individuals looking for major changes in the the taxonomic and functional composition of their metagenomes. Results: Our results suggest that the overweight and normal subjects have no strong dissimilarity in their metagenomes composition. Significant differences were observed when comparing the obese and the non-obese individuals in their functional and taxonomic profiles. Conclusion: In this study, we report the most significant changes that we observed and discuss their potential implication in the obesity condition.

scholarly journals Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Importance in Pathogenesis and Potential Therapy Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna Socha-Banasiak ◽  
Patrycja Sputa-Grzegrzółka ◽  
Jędrzej Grzegrzółka ◽  
Krzysztof Pacześ ◽  
Piotr Dzięgiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Therapy Target ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins

Immunological disorders, increased oxidative stress, and damage to the epithelial barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In the treatment of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), it is increasingly common to use biological drugs that selectively affect individual components of the inflammatory cascade. However, administering the medicines currently available does not always result in obtaining and maintaining remission, and it may also lead to the development of resistance to a given agent over time. Metallothioneins (MTs) belong to the group of low molecular weight proteins, which, among others, regulate the inflammation and homeostasis of heavy metals as well as participating in the regulation of the intensity of oxidative stress. The results of the studies conducted so far do not clearly indicate the role of MTs in the process of inflammation in patients with IBD. However, there are reports that suggest the possibility of using MTs as a potential target in the treatment of this group of patients.

scholarly journals Metagenomic alterations in gut microbiota precede and predict onset of colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient murine model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Miyoshi ◽  
Sonny T. M. Lee ◽  
Megan Kennedy ◽  
Mora Puertolas ◽  
Mary Frith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Robust Measures

AbstractBackground & AimsInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders where predictive biomarkers for the disease development and clinical course are sorely needed for development of prevention and early intervention strategies that can be implemented to improve clinical outcomes. Since gut microbiome alterations can reflect and/or contribute to impending host health changes, we examined whether gut microbiota metagenomic profiles would provide more robust measures for predicting disease outcomes in colitis-prone hosts.MethodsUsing the IL-10 gene-deficient (IL-10 KO) murine model where early life dysbiosis from antibiotic (cefoperozone, CPZ) treated dams vertically-transferred to pups increases risk for colitis later in life, we investigated temporal metagenomic profiles in the gut microbiota of post-weaning offspring and determined their relationship to eventual clinical outcomes.ResultsCompared to controls, offspring acquiring maternal CPZ-induced dysbiosis exhibited a restructuring of intestinal microbial membership both in bacteriome and mycobiome that were associated with alterations in specific functional subsystems. Furthermore, among IL-10 KO offspring from CPZ-treated dams, several functional subsystems, particularly nitrogen metabolism, diverged between mice that developed spontaneous colitis (CPZ-colitis) versus those that did not (CPZ-no-colitis) at a time point prior to eventual clinical outcome.ConclusionsOur findings provide support that functional metagenomic profiling of gut microbes has potential and promise meriting further study for development of tools to assess risk and manage human IBD.SynopsisCurrently, predictive markers for the development and course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are not available. This study supports the notion that gut microbiome metagenomic profiles could be developed into a useful tool to assess risk and manage human IBD.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Battistini ◽  
Rafael Ballan ◽  
Marcos Herkenhoff ◽  
Susana Saad ◽  
Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestine Mucosa ◽  
Transmural Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). IBD include ulcerative colitis (UC), which generally affects only the large intestine mucosa and submucosa, and Crohn’s disease (CD), which may affect any part of the GIT by transmural inflammation. Both UC and CD are associated with an imbalance of the gut microbiota composition and injuries in the intestinal mucosa. The intestinal dysbiosis is related to a reduction in butyrate-producing species, impairing the anti-inflammatory response of the immune system, and is commonly associated with micronutrients deficiency, e.g. vitamin D hypovitaminosis. Vitamin D is involved in several critical functions, including immune cell differentiation, regulation of microbiota, gene transcription, and barrier integrity. Vitamin D supplementation in IBD patients showed promising results in reducing the disease activity and modulating gut microbiota. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the biological actions of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Evidence supports that the VDR signaling is involved in the genetic, environmental, immune, and microbial aspects of IBD. Low VDR expression and dysfunction of vitamin D/VDR signaling are reported in IBD patients. Vitamin D/VDR deficiency could be considered as a multifunctional susceptibility factor in IBD. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the progress in clinical studies, mechanism studies on Vitamin D /VDR, and potential use of vitamin D supplementation as adjuvant therapy to restore gut microbiota balance, promote beneficial metabolites, and inhibit inflammation status in patients with IBD.

scholarly journals Probiotics Can Cure Oral Aphthous-Like Ulcers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Review of the Literature and a Working Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cappello ◽  
Francesca Rappa ◽  
Federica Canepa ◽  
Francesco Carini ◽  
Margherita Mazzola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Process ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Dysbiosis has been associated with the onset of several chronic autoimmune or inflammatory pathologies (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases—IBD), because of its primary role in the establishment of a chronic inflammatory process leading to tissue damage. Inflammatory bowel diseases can even involve areas far away from the gut, such as the extraintestinal manifestations involving the oral cavity with the onset of aphthous-like ulcers (ALU). Studies carried out on animal models have shown that intestinal dysbiosis may be related to the development of autoimmune diseases, even if the mechanisms involved are not yet well known. The aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that in inflammatory bowel diseases patients, aphthous-like ulcers are the result of the concomitance of intestinal dysbiosis and other events, e.g., the microtraumas, occurring in the oral mucosa, and that ex adiuvantibus therapy with probiotics can be employed to modify the natural course of the aphthous-like ulcers.

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