scholarly journals Quantification of Polyphenols in Seaweeds: A Case Study of Ulva intestinalis

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Emilie Wekre ◽  
Karoline Kåsin ◽  
Jarl Underhaug ◽  
Bjarte Holmelid ◽  
Monica Jordheim
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Average Molar Mass ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Ulva Intestinalis ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

In this case study, we explored quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR), HPLC-DAD, and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay (TPC) as methods of quantifying the total phenolic content of a green macroalga, Ulva intestinalis, after optimized accelerated solvent extraction. Tentative qualitative data was also acquired after multiple steps of purification. The observed polyphenolic profile was complex with low individual concentrations. The qNMR method yielded 5.5% (DW) polyphenols in the crude extract, whereas HPLC-DAD and TPC assay yielded 1.1% (DW) and 0.4% (DW) respectively, using gallic acid as the reference in all methods. Based on the LC-MS observations of extracts and fractions, an average molar mass of 330 g/mol and an average of 4 aromatic hydrogens in each spin system was chosen for optimized qNMR calculations. Compared to the parallel numbers using gallic acid as the standard (170 g/mol, 2 aromatic H), the optimized parameters resulted in a similar qNMR result (5.3%, DW). The different results for the different methods highlight the difficulties with total polyphenolic quantification. All of the methods contain assumptions and uncertainties, and for complex samples with lower concentrations, this will be of special importance. Thus, further optimization of the extraction, identification, and quantification of polyphenols in marine algae must be researched.

A Profile of Wine Tourism Entrepreneurs: Study in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Adriana Backx Noronha Viana ◽  
Luísa Cagica Carvalho ◽  
Inna Sousa Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Study Methodology

Background: Wine tourism is one of the tourism components adopted as part of Portugal’s strategy due to its eminence as a wine producer. Such strategy has received great prominence in recent years and aims to promote regional development from an economic, social, cultural and environmental perspective. The aim of this study was to understand the entrepreneur profile in this sector. Methods: The study uses a qualitative, case study methodology with data analysis and triangulation. In this study, a literature review of scientific studies was carried out on the scientific knowledge in the area of study from a critical perspective and an interview was conducted where qualitative data were collected. Results and Discussion: The entrepreneurs have shown the following characteristics: initiative, innovation capability, optimism, creativity, creative energy, tenacity, selfconfidence, capability for long term involvement with the project, and learning capacity. Conclusion: The study shows that most entrepreneurs state that they have established partnerships with other companies, particularly with restaurants, catering businesses, hotel units, tourism companies and companies that organize tours. This is one of the factors of economic importance recognized by another study which enables increased prominence of the company and widens the value of wine tourism.

scholarly journals Moral economy, solidarity and labour process struggle in Irish public transport

2019 ◽  
pp. 0143831X1989123
Author(s):  
Emma Hughes ◽  
Tony Dobbins ◽  
Doris Merkl-Davies
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Competitive Tendering ◽  
Labour Process

This article empirically applies Knut Laaser’s integrated conceptual framework, combining Sayer’s moral economy (ME) theory with labour process theory (LPT), to examine how two rival Irish unions engaged with an uneven moral economy and consciously sought to build collective worker solidarity during a dispute over competitive tendering and marketization. Using qualitative data from a case study of BusCo in Ireland’s public transport sector, the article enriches sociological understanding of trade union solidarity, and how it is engendered, contested and experienced.

Inter-laboratory evaluation of SEC-post-column calcofluor for determination of the weight-average molar mass of cereal β-glucan

2015 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rieder ◽  
Svein Halvor Knutsen ◽  
Ann-Sissel T. Ulset ◽  
Bjørn E. Christensen ◽  
Roger Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Average Molar Mass

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES AND STEM BARKS OF Artocarpus scortechinii KING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajarahtunnur Jamil ◽  
Norazah Basar ◽  
Norzafneza Mohd Arriffin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

The antioxidant activities of extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) from the leaves and stem barks of Artocarpus scortechinii were evaluated using various biochemical assays. The quantification of the Total Antioxidant Capacity was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. While, the qualitative of The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was determined via standard gallic acid calibration graph which was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry weight (dw) using Folin Ciocalteau’s reagent. Among all the extracts tested, the methanolic extract of the stem barks showed the highest phenolic content with TPC value of 136.84 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw). FRAP results were expressed as mM equivalent to FeSO4.7H2O by calculating from the standard FeSO4.7H2O calibration graph. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks showed the most significant reducing potential in the range between 0.27-2.47 mM FRAP. ABTS+˙ radical scavenging capacity showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks had the highest scavenging capacity at concentration 1.0 mM with percentage of 90.9%.

scholarly journals TOTAL POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SILYBUM MARIANUM CULTURES GROWN ON DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hattem Mekky ◽  
Samah El Sohafy ◽  
Rasha Abu El-khair ◽  
Amr El Hawiet
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Total Polyphenolic Content

Objective: The present study was designed to study the effect of supplementing Silybum marianum cultures with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators on the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the produced cultures.Methods: The total polyphenolic content of 23 extracts of calli was calculated as µg of gallic acid/mg of dry weight extract (DWE) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was calculated as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay for extracts containing more than 10 µg gallic acid/mg DWE.Results: Most of the combinations showed an increase in the total polyphenolic concentration compared to the wild plant. However, cultures grown on media supplemented with combinations of benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and gebberellic acid (Gb), adenine (Ad) and kinetin (Kin), BAP and indole acetic acid (IAA) possessed the highest total polyphenolic contents 20.5, 13.09 and 12.15 µg gallic acid/mg DWE, respectively. However, only (BAP+Gb), (BAP+1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), IAA, kin and (BAP+Ad) showed a significant increase in the antioxidant activity calculated as trolox equivalent with 2.65, 1.56, 1.56, 1.35 and 1.22 folds increase over the wild plant, respectively.Conclusion: The results obtained clearly indicated that changing the growth regulator system of Silybum marianum cultures serves as an easy and reliable method for increasing the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of cultures.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumor activities of the red propolis Alagoas

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. G. Silva ◽  
T. M. S. Matias ◽  
L. I. O. Souza ◽  
T. J. Matos-Rocha ◽  
S. A. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dpph Method

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, toxicity and phytochemical screening of the Red Propolis Alagoas. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Determination of antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH assay (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FTC (ferric thiocyanate) and determination of phenolic compounds by Follin method. Toxicity was performed by the method of Artemia salina and cytotoxicity by MTT method. The phytochemical screening for the detection of allelochemicals was performed. The ethanol extract of propolis of Alagoas showed significant results for antimicrobial activity, and inhibitory activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida krusei. The antioxidant activity of the FTC method was 80% to 108.3% hydrogen peroxide kidnapping, the DPPH method showed an EC50 3.97 mg/mL, the content of total phenolic compounds was determined by calibration curve gallic acid, resulting from 0.0005 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent. The extract was non-toxic by A. salina method. The propolis extract showed high activity with a higher percentage than 75% inhibition of tumor cells OVCAR-8, SF-295 and HCT116. Chemical constituents were observed as flavonones, xanthones, flavonols, and Chalcones Auronas, Catechins and leucoanthocyanidins. It is concluded that the extract can be tested is considered a potential source of bioactive metabolites.

scholarly journals A Review of Anti-Corruption Wars in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnamdi Nwaodu ◽  
David Adam ◽  
Okechukwu Okereke
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Financial Crimes

Corruption still subsists as one of the greatest challenges facing Nigeria. The existence of this phenomenon in virtually all aspects of the nation’s socio-economic life is said to be one reason why poverty level remains high irrespective of her position as the six highest suppliers of oil to the whole wide world, and a possessor of numerous other human and natural resources. A recent attempt by the Federal Government of Nigeria to curb this societal ill led to the establishment of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), the Independent Corrupt Practices & Related Offences Commission (ICPC) among others bodies. This paper historically explores the anti-corruption war in Nigeria and specifically zeros itself to review EFCC’s role in this war. The methodology adopted in this paper is the narrative-textual case study (NTCS), a research method that sources the required quantitative and qualitative secondary data on the phenomenon of study from secondary sources like the internet, World Wide Web, online databases, e-libraries  et cetera. On the strength of the qualitative data sourced, it was discovered that the agency has made some successes but is being hindered by political, administrative and judicial bureaucracy from efficient performance. The paper therefore boldly recommends that transparency be enshrined into all aspect Nigerian political and administrative life and extant anti-graft laws be reviewed, harmonized and strengthened to enhance the effectiveness of fight against corruption and breach of corporate governance ethics by those holding political and non-political positions in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Politics and Audit in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Azham Md. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Study Format

This work investigates the role and contribution of external auditing as practised in Malaysian society during the forty year period from independence in 1957 to just before the onset of Asian Financial Crisis in 1997.  It applies the political economic theory introduced by Tinker (1980) and refined by Cooper & Sherer (1984), which emphasises the social relations aspects of professional activity rather than economic forces alone. In a case study format where qualitative data were gathered mainly from primary and secondary source materials, the study has found that the function of auditing in Malaysian society in most cases is devoid of any essence of mission; instead it is created, shaped and changed by the pressures which give rise to its development over time. The largely insignificant role that it serves is intertwined with the contexts in which it operates. 

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bioactive Characteristics of Wild Grown Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Genotypes from Northeastern Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferit CELIK ◽  
Mehmet Ramazan BOZHUYUK ◽  
Sezai ERCISLI ◽  
Muttalip GUNDOGDU
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Antioxidant Power

In present study, fruit weight, fruit firmness, external fruit color, soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity of eight wild bilberry grown in Coruh valley in northeastern Turkey were determined. The blueberry cv. ‘Bluecrop’ is also included study to make comparison with bilberry genotypes. Antioxidant activity of bilberry and blueberry fruits were comparatively assessed by FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay. Significantly higher content of phenolics and anthocyanins was found in bilberry fruits than in blueberry fruits. However blueberry cv. ‘Bluecrop’ exhibited higher fruit weight and vitamin C content than bilberry fruits. Total phenolic and total anthocyanin content was 327 mg gallic acid equivalent and 142 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent in 100 g fresh fruit in cv. ‘Bluecrop’ while it was between 492-563 mg gallic acid equaivalent and 307-342 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent in 100 g fresh fruits of  bilberry accessions. Moreover, wild accessions approximately had 2-3 folds higher antioxidant capacity than cv. ‘Bluecrop’. Results suggest the possibility of improving the bioactive and antioxidant properties of bilberry cultivars based food products by using wild ones in cross breeding. It was also concluded that genotypes significantly affect their bioactive content and consequently the possibility of using wild bilberry fruits as a potential source of natural antioxidants in food industry.

International benchmarking for performance improvement in construction safety and health

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance W. Saunders ◽  
Andrew P McCoy ◽  
Brian M. Kleiner ◽  
Helen Lingard ◽  
Tracy Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Construction Safety ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Project Lifecycle

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge on the advantages of integrating safety earlier in the construction project lifecycle. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach is used to collect data from construction sites in the USA, which performs poorly in construction safety and health, and Australia (AU), which performs well in construction safety and health. Qualitative data are collected to determine how and when safety is considered in the project lifecycle in both countries, and then the results are benchmarked to determine the benefits of addressing safety earlier in the process. Findings – Data show that addressing a potential hazard earlier in the project lifecycle has performance benefits in terms of the level of hazard control. Research limitations/implications – The processes that are identified as possibly explaining the performance difference are just based on qualitative data from interviews. Targeted research addressing the relationship between these processes and safety outcomes is an opportunity for further research. Practical implications – The case study data are used to identify specific processes that are used in AU that might be adopted in the USA to improve performance by integrating safety earlier into the decision-making process. Social implications – This paper highlights the advantages of integrating safety as a decision factor early in the process. Worker safety is not just an issue in the construction industry, and thus the findings are applicable to all industries in which worker safety is an issue. Originality/value – This paper advances the safety in design literature by quantitatively supporting the link between when a hazard is addressed and performance. It also links the results to specific processes across countries, which advances the literature because most research in this area to data is within a single country.

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