scholarly journals Natural Compounds as Beneficial Antioxidant Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Amato ◽  
Simona Terzo ◽  
Flavia Mulè
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Triggering Factor

The positive role of nutrition in chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggests that dietary interventions represent helpful tools for preventing NDs. In particular, diets enriched with natural compounds have become an increasingly attractive, non-invasive, and inexpensive option to support a healthy brain and to potentially treat NDs. Bioactive compounds found in vegetables or microalgae possess special properties able to counteract oxidative stress, which is involved as a triggering factor in neurodegeneration. Here, we briefly review the relevant experimental data on curcuminoids, silymarin, chlorogenic acid, and compounds derived from the microalga Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) which have been demonstrated to possess encouraging beneficial effects on neurodegeneration, in particular on Alzheimer’s disease models.

scholarly journals Functional Foods: An Approach to Modulate Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Anna Atlante ◽  
Giuseppina Amadoro ◽  
Antonella Bobba ◽  
Valentina Latina
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Brain

A new epoch is emerging with intense research on nutraceuticals, i.e., “food or food product that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and treatment of diseases”, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Nutraceuticals act at different biochemical and metabolic levels and much evidence shows their neuroprotective effects; in particular, they are able to provide protection against mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, toxicity of β-amyloid and Tau and cell death. They have been shown to influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota significantly contributing to the discovery that differential microorganisms composition is associated with the formation and aggregation of cerebral toxic proteins. Further, the routes of interaction between epigenetic mechanisms and the microbiota–gut–brain axis have been elucidated, thus establishing a modulatory role of diet-induced epigenetic changes of gut microbiota in shaping the brain. This review examines recent scientific literature addressing the beneficial effects of some natural products for which mechanistic evidence to prevent or slowdown AD are available. Even if the road is still long, the results are already exceptional.

scholarly journals Arginine and Arginine-Rich Peptides as Modulators of Protein Aggregation and Cytotoxicity Associated With Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayra S. A. Mamsa ◽  
Bruno P. Meloni
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
Excitotoxic Cell Death

A substantial body of evidence indicates cationic, arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) are effective therapeutic compounds for a range of neurodegenerative pathologies, with beneficial effects including the reduction of excitotoxic cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction. CARPs, therefore, represent an emergent class of promising neurotherapeutics with multimodal mechanisms of action. Arginine itself is a known chaotrope, able to prevent misfolding and aggregation of proteins. The putative role of proteopathies in chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) warrants investigation into whether CARPs could also prevent the aggregation and cytotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins, particularly amyloid-beta and tau. While monomeric arginine is well-established as an inhibitor of protein aggregation in solution, no studies have comprehensively discussed the anti-aggregatory properties of arginine and CARPs on proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review the structural, physicochemical, and self-associative properties of arginine and the guanidinium moiety, to explore the mechanisms underlying the modulation of protein aggregation by monomeric and multimeric arginine molecules. Arginine-rich peptide-based inhibitors of amyloid-beta and tau aggregation are discussed, as well as further modulatory roles which could reduce proteopathic cytotoxicity, in the context of therapeutic development for AD.

Risk Reduction and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Biological Mechanisms of Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-427
Author(s):  
Hugo McGurran ◽  
Jordan Glenn ◽  
Erica Madero ◽  
Nick Bott
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Disease Modifying Agents ◽  
Risk Reducing

: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) incidence is increasing and with no disease modifying agents available, preventative measures through lifestyle factors are being investigated. Combined with the prevention of AD risk factors such as heart disease, diabetes, and with more recent evidence, microbiome dysfunction, there is a substantial foundation for diet as a modifiable risk factor and preventative measure for AD. Recent evidence suggests AD associated pathologies, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, can be modulated by the lipids, vitamins, and polyphenols obtained through nutritional intake. Furthermore, epidemiological and preclinical evidence has uncovered certain compounds within foods that may have beneficial effects in the prevention of AD, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and resveratrol among others. However, clinical data examining specific compounds are often inconsistent and fail to replicate the preclinical data. On the other hand, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean or MIND diet have shown promise in terms of clinical outcomes for patients, indicating a reductionist approach to diet is not as effective as a holistic dietary pattern. In this review, we summarize some of the biological mechanisms of key compounds in their relation to AD and how they fit into a dietary pattern that supports the role of diet as a risk reducing factor for AD.

scholarly journals An Inhibitor of NF-κB and an Agonist of AMPK: Network Prediction and Multi-Omics Integration to Derive Signaling Pathways for Acteoside Against Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Qi Li ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Si-Qi Jiang ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Shi ◽  
Xiao-Li Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Omics Integration ◽  
M2 Polarization ◽  
Microglia Polarization ◽  
Network Prediction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia. Acteoside (ACT) is a compound isolated from Cistanche tubulosa, which possesses excellent neuroprotective properties. However, the underlying mechanism of ACT in regulating microglia polarization remains ill-defined. Therefore, a computational network model was established to identify the driving targets of ACT and predict its mechanism by integrating multiple available databases. The AlCl3-induced AD model in zebrafish larvae was successfully constituted to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of ACT. Subsequently, LPS-induced BV-2 cells uncovered the positive role of ACT in M1/M2 polarization. The NF-κB and AMPK pathways were further confirmed by transcriptomic analysis, metabolomics analysis, molecular biology techniques, and molecular docking. The research provided an infusive mechanism of ACT and revealed the connection between metabolism and microglia polarization from the perspective of mitochondrial function. More importantly, it provided a systematic and comprehensive approach for the discovery of drug targets, including the changes in genes, metabolites, and proteins.

scholarly journals Progression of Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease: Through the Lens of Salivary Extracellular Vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110586
Author(s):  
Simran Rastogi ◽  
Komal Rani ◽  
Saroj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Place Of Origin

The elusiveness encircling around the domain of cognition, its impairment, and the poor prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease has made early diagnosis a necessity. The noticeable symptoms in these conditions appear years later after the neuropathological changes occur in the brain. Exosomes, a small-sized extracellular vesicle facilitate intercellular communication of disease pathologies and their cargo can provide molecular information about its place of origin. The study titled “A novel approach to correlate the salivary exosomes and their protein cargo in the progression of cognitive impairment into Alzheimer’s disease” was an attempt toward understanding the role of salivary small-sized extracellular vesicular (EV’s) cargo in monitoring the progression. Outcomes of the study represent, that the salivary small-sized EV’s (ssEV’s) levels were higher in the cognitively impaired and Alzheimer’s diseased as well the differential expression of the protein in the cargo correlates well with the disease severity staging. Thus, it can help in the development of an early non-invasive screening method.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Andrade ◽  
Maria João Ramalho ◽  
Joana Angélica Loureiro ◽  
Maria do Carmo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder related with the increase of age and it is the main cause of dementia in the world. AD affects cognitive functions, such as memory, with an intensity that leads to several functional losses. The continuous increase of AD incidence demands for an urgent development of effective therapeutic strategies. Despite the extensive research on this disease, only a few drugs able to delay the progression of the disease are currently available. In the last years, several compounds with pharmacological activities isolated from plants, animals and microorganisms, revealed to have beneficial effects for the treatment of AD, targeting different pathological mechanisms. Thus, a wide range of natural compounds may play a relevant role in the prevention of AD and have proven to be efficient in different preclinical and clinical studies. This work aims to review the natural compounds that until this date were described as having significant benefits for this neurological disease, focusing on studies that present clinical trials.

scholarly journals HDL Proteome and Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence of a Link

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Judit Marsillach ◽  
Maria Pia Adorni ◽  
Francesca Zimetti ◽  
Bianca Papotti ◽  
Giovanni Zuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Brain

Several lines of epidemiological evidence link increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) with lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This observed relationship might reflect the beneficial effects of HDL on the cardiovascular system, likely due to the implication of vascular dysregulation in AD development. The atheroprotective properties of this lipoprotein are mostly due to its proteome. In particular, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, E, and J and the antioxidant accessory protein paraoxonase 1 (PON1), are the main determinants of the biological function of HDL. Intriguingly, these HDL constituent proteins are also present in the brain, either from in situ expression, or derived from the periphery. Growing preclinical evidence suggests that these HDL proteins may prevent the aberrant changes in the brain that characterize AD pathogenesis. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on the role of these atheroprotective HDL-associated proteins in AD pathogenesis and physiopathology.

scholarly journals Role of liraglutide in Alzheimer’s disease pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vargas-Soria ◽  
Maria Jose Carranza-Naval ◽  
Angel del Marco ◽  
Monica Garcia-Alloza
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Background The described relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the fact that AD has no succesful treatment has led to the study of antidiabetic drugs that may limit or slow down AD pathology. Main body Although T2D treatment has evident limitations, options are increasing including glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs. Among these, liraglutide (LRGT) is commonly used by T2D patients to improve β cell function and suppress glucagon to restore normoglycaemia. Interestingly, LRGT also counterbalances altered brain metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have reported its capacity to reduce AD pathology, including amyloid production and deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, or neuronal and synaptic loss in animal models of AD, accompanied by cognitive improvement. Given the beneficial effects of LRGT at central level, studies in patients have been carried out, showing modest beneficial effects. At present, the ELAD trial (Evaluating Liraglutide in Alzheimer’s Disease NCT01843075) is an ongoing phase IIb study in patients with mild AD. In this minireview, we resume the outcomes of LRGT treatment in preclinical models of AD as well as the available results in patients up to date. Conclusion The effects of LRGT on animal models show significant benefits in AD pathology and cognitive impairment. While studies in patients are limited, ongoing clinical trials will probably provide more definitive conclusions on the role of LRGT in AD patients.

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