scholarly journals Structural Characteristics of Crude Polysaccharides from 12 Selected Chinese Teas, and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Activities

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Huan Guo ◽  
Meng-Xi Fu ◽  
Ding-Tao Wu ◽  
Yun-Xuan Zhao ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Tea Polysaccharides ◽  
Function Relationship

Twelve representative edible Chinese teas (Camellia sinensis L.) from six categories (dark tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, and green tea) were selected in this study. Tea polysaccharides (TPs) were extracted with hot water, and their structural properties and biological activities, mainly antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities, were systematically evaluated. Results revealed that the extraction yields of TPs ranged from 1.81% to 6.38%, and Pu-erh tea polysaccharides had the highest extraction yield (6.38 ± 0.28%). The chemical compositions, molecular weight, and compositional monosaccharides of TPs varied among the six categories of tea. It appeared that all TPs were protein-bound acid heteropolysaccharides, and all TPs exhibited obvious antioxidant and anti-diabetic (e.g., α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation) activities. Particularly, Pu-erh tea polysaccharides also contained the highest total phenolic and protein contents, and also exhibited the best antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. Moreover, for the structural-function relationship, the heat map analysis found that total phenolic and protein contents in TPs were positively correlated with their antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities, indicating that the presence of phenolic compounds and proteins in the TPs might be the main contributors to their bioactivities. The conclusion from this study can help understand the structural-function relationship of crude tea polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Characterization, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Oligosaccharides Isolated from Evodia lepta (Spreng) Merr. by Different Extraction Methods

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Hui-Xian Liang ◽  
Zhi-Jing Zhang ◽  
Taifo Mahmud ◽  
Albert S. C. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Evodia lepta (E. lepta) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. One of the active components of this widely used medicinal plant is believed to be an oligosaccharide. The extraction yields, structural characteristics, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of four oligosaccharide extracts obtained by hot water extraction (HEO), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEO), enzyme-assisted (EEO), and microwave-assisted extraction (MEO) were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the extraction methods had a difference on the molecular mass distribution, structure, and morphology of the EOs. In addition, HEO and MEO showed strong antioxidant activities, which might be related to their uronic acid and protein contents. More interestingly, MEO was more active toward MDA-MB-231 cells compared to other cells, and cell growth inhibition was proposed to occur through apoptosis. Overall, microwave-assisted extraction is a promising technique for the extraction of high quality EO.

scholarly journals Correction: In-vitro antidiabetic activities, chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and toxicity of black tea polysaccharides as a potential source of dietary ingredients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Ebru Pelvan ◽  
Ayse Karadag ◽  
Kubra Dogan ◽  
Soner Aksu ◽  
Soner Aksu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Corrected Version ◽  
Tea Polysaccharides

There is an error in Table 2 in the published article, Journal of Food Bioactives, 2021;13:93–101, doi: 10.31665/JFB.2021.13263. The correct value in column “mg/100 g” under “D-glucose” is “59.50 ± 7.80”, not “9.50 ± 7.80”. The authors have included a corrected version of the table below.

scholarly journals HPLC Analysis and Antioxidant Evaluation of Acteoside-Rich Osmanthus fragrans Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Lee ◽  
Seong-Wook Seo ◽  
Seung-Yub Song ◽  
Deuk-Sil Oh ◽  
Jung-Hyun Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans

A method for the separation and quantification of acteoside by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and validated. Hot water and ethanolic extracts of Osmanthus fragrans leaves and flowers were analyzed for acteoside content. Excellent linearity was obtained, with an r2 higher than 0.999. The precision, specificity, and accuracy of our method were excellent, suggesting that it can be conveniently used for the quantification of acteoside in the crude extract of O. fragrans. The hot water and ethanol extracts were analyzed, and their biological activities were tested. The extraction yields, marker (acteoside) contents, and antioxidant activities of the leaf and flower extracts were analyzed. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by measuring the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and total phenolic content. The acteoside content tended to be higher in the 100% ethanol extract of O. fragrans compared to those with the other extraction conditions tested. Overall, almost all extracts prepared with ethanolic solvents tended to produce better antioxidant activity than those prepared with hot water. These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of O. fragrans could serve as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical source, and our validated method would be useful for the quality control of O. fragrans extracts.

scholarly journals Characterization and use of Mangifera indica L. seeds from four varieties

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5264-5280
Author(s):  
Paula X. Villanueva ◽  
Yalile C. Ávila ◽  
Lina R. Dávila ◽  
John J. Méndez ◽  
Walter Murillo Arango
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Phenolic Contents

Chemical compositions (fatty acids, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids) and the in-vitro biological activities (antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; and growth induction of edible fungal strains) were compared for four varieties of mango seeds. Hexanic extract (HE) showed a fatty acid profile with a higher proportion of oleic acid. In the ethanolic extract were found variable total phenolic contents (103 to 125 mg GAE/g dry weight) and flavonoid contents (0.72 to 0.8 mg QE/g dry weight). This study reports for the first time the presence of procyanidin B1 in ethanolic extracts. The antioxidant activity showed IC50 values ranging from 3.09 to 3.42 μg/mL for ABTS•+ and 12.17 to 13.93 μg/mL for DPPH•. The ethanolic extract from the seed of the Yulima variety showed the highest percentages of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Residues removed from ethanolic extraction of the seed kernel (EKR) induced the growth of edible fungal strains: Lentinus crinitus and Pleurotus tubarius. The data obtained show the potential of the seeds from these mango varieties, which could lead to alternative uses in various industry sectors and the use of this agricultural byproduct.

scholarly journals Comparison of antioxidant capacities of two Ganoderma lucidum strains of different geographical origins

2017 ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Milena Raseta ◽  
Sara Vrbaski ◽  
Eleonora Boskovic ◽  
Mira Popovic ◽  
Neda Mimica-Dukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Balkan Region

Ganoderma lucidum, used in a traditional Chinese medicine, represents one of the most important medicinal mushrooms in the world, whose fruiting bodies and spores have been traditionally used because of a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiproliferative, cardioprotective, etc. Its ethnomedicinal importance in some parts of the Balkan region (Serbia and Croatia) is almost totally unknown and there should be more scientific investigations carried out. The aim of this work was to make a comparative study of antioxidative activities and total phenolic content of ethanol and hot water extracts of G. lucidum, collected from forests in Serbia (Morovicke sume, Fruska Gora) and Croatia (Donji Lapac, Pljesevica). The present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant potential of examined extracts via scavenging potential on ABTS, DPPH, OH? and NO? radicals, as well as of chelating effects via FRAP assay, together with determination of their total phenolic content. Results showed that both GLS extracts possessed better antiradical activities (IC50=0.23?0.01 for H2O and 2.75?0.01 ?g/mL for EtOH for OH? and DPPH assay, respectively) than in the ABTS assay (151.40?1.07 mg TE/g d.w. for EtOH), while the phenolic content was generally equal in extracts of Serbian and Croatian samples (60.74?0.57 mg GAE/g d.w. for EtOH and 77.10?0.27 mg GAE/g d.w. for H2O, respectively). Therefore, these extracts could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants. These results showed that examined G. lucidum extracts (especially ?2?) contain high amount of phenolic content which could significantly enhance the antiradical potential and reduce potential on iron ions. This is the first study reporting the comparison of antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of two different extracts between two G. lucidum strains from two different geographical origins from the Balkan region.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sweetness Components by Harvest Times and Extract Methods in Stevia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Sang Un Kim ◽  
In Seok Um ◽  
Il Rae Rho
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Pressure Extraction

The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have attracted much attention as a source of natural sweeteners. This study was conducted to investigate the natural sweeteners contents and analyze antioxidant materials and activity according to harvest times and extraction methods in stevia.Stevia leaves were extracted using 5 extraction methods to identify the extraction with high extraction efficiency. Extraction yield was high in the order of hot water extraction (HWE), reflux extraction (RE), high temperature and pressure extraction (HTPE), ultrasonic extraction (UE) and vacuum extraction (VE). The contents of rebaudioside A and stevioside in stevia leaves had the highest in HTPE. Also, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents had the highest in HTPE and VE. Using the HTPE method, the result analyzed that the contents of rebaudioside A and stevioside of stevia leaves harvested between April and October exhibited the tendency to increase gradually between July and October. HTPE is considered to be an appropriate method for extracting stevia leaves. Also, it was confirmed that the stevia leaves of July, September and October, except for the high temperature period of August, had superior in quality and quantity.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Utilizing Cultured Cordyceps militaris Residues in Cosmetics: Biological Activity Assessment of Their Crude Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Punyawatt Pintathong ◽  
Putarak Chomnunti ◽  
Sarita Sangthong ◽  
Areeya Jirarat ◽  
Phanuphong Chaiwut
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Uv Absorbers

Solid-based residues (SBRs) left from harvesting the fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps mushrooms are a challenge to sustainability. Therefore, in this study, the SBRs from the cultivation of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) via solid-state fermentation (SSF) were employed to prepare crude extracts, with the aim of considering their possible use in cosmetics. The SBRs obtained from cultivation with solid media containing defatted rice bran mixed with barley, white rice, Riceberry rice, and wheat were named SBR-B, SBR-R, SBR-Rb, and SRB-W, respectively. They were extracted with solvents of differing polarity and then evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total carbohydrate content (TCC). In addition, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, photoprotection, and cytotoxicity were also assessed. The results revealed that the total bioactive contents and biological capacities of crude SBR extracts were significantly influenced by the types of SBR and extraction solvent (p < 0.05). The SBR-B extracted with hot water exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (66.62 ± 2.10, 212.00 ± 3.43, and 101.62 ± 4.42 mg TEAC/g extract) when assayed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, respectively, whereas tyrosinase inhibitory activity (51.13 ± 1.11 mg KAE/g extract) with 90.43 ± 1.96% inhibition at 1 mg/mL was excellently achieved by SBR-Rb extracted by 50% (v/v) ethanol. Correlations between bioactive contents in the crude extracts and their biological activities were mostly proven at a strong level (p < 0.01). The capability of the crude extracts to absorb UV over the range of 290–330 nm disclosed their potential roles as natural UV absorbers and boosters. Cytotoxicity analysis using fibroblast cell lines tested with hot water and 50% (v/v) ethanolic SBR extracts demonstrated safe use within a concentration range of 0.001–10 mg/mL. Interestingly, their fibroblast proliferative capacity, indicating anti-aging properties, was highly promoted. The chemical composition analyzed via LC–MS/MS techniques showed that seven phenolic acids and four flavonoids were identified in the crude SBR extracts. Furthermore, the other compounds present included nucleosides, nucleobases, amino acids, sugars, phospholipids, alkaloids, organic acids, vitamins, and peptides. Therefore, it is emphasized that SBRs from C. militaris can be a prospective source for preparing crude extracts employed in cosmetics. Lastly, they could be further utilized as multifunctional ingredients in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals.

scholarly journals In-vitro antidiabetic activities, chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and toxicity of black tea polysaccharides as a potential source of dietary ingredients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Pelvan ◽  
Ayse Karadag ◽  
Kubra Dogan ◽  
Soner Aksu ◽  
Arzu Tas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Tea Polysaccharides

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the fast growing diet-related chronic diseases throughout the world. Tea contains several bioactive compounds, some of which render health benefits. Black tea polysaccharides (BTPS), extracted from low grade quality tea leaves, after processing, were examined for their in-vitro antidiabetic activities (α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose uptake activities), chemical compositions (yield, monosaccharides, amino acids, and minerals), and antioxidant activities as well as toxicity (cytotoxicity and genotoxicity). In addition, 50% lethal dose (LD50) for BTPS was determined using an acute toxicity test to assess the safe use of it as a dietary ingredient. BTPS had strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.4 µg/mL. This was much lower than that of the positive control, pharmaceutical glucosidase inhibitor acarbose with IC50 of 1.06 mM. BTPS also increased glucose uptake into the adipocyte differentiated 3T3-L1 MBX cells. Neither cytotoxic nor mutagenic effects were found for BTPS. The LD50 of BTPS for acute toxicity demonstrated that it was safe to use. The present work suggests that BTPS can be used as an antidiabetic dietary ingredient without posing any potential health risk.

scholarly journals THE IMPACTS OF FORMULATION AND STORAGE ON α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS, GINGER, AND BLACK TEA FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Filiana Santoso ◽  
Jennifer Sunardi ◽  
Florence Ignatia ◽  
Maria Dewi Puspitasari Tirtaningtyas Gunawan-Puteri
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Functional Beverages

Functional beverages from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and black tea (Camelia sinensis) were developed based on their α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activities and sensory acceptance. The AGI was evaluated using in vitro enzymatic assay, while sensory acceptance was tested using affective sensory tests. The evaluation of their aqueous extracts showed that dried lemongrass and ginger possessed higher extraction yield (3.4 %, 2.7 %, respectively), though not necessarily accompanied with a better AGI activity (IC50 24.50 mg/mL, IC50 16.61 mg/mL) than the fresh lemongrass and ginger (2.1 %, 1.8 %, IC50 17.93 mg/ml, IC50 >47.00 mg/mL, respectively). Meanwhile, the evaluation of the combined extract showed additive and synergistic effects. The extract combination formula was selected based on the sensory acceptance, resulting in the beverages containing 4.29 mg/mL of lemongrass, 0.71 mg/mL of ginger, and 1.05 mg/mL of black tea with a total phenolic content of 636.45 mg/L Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). The selected formula showed the stability of AGI activity andthe pH value at 4 °C were in accordance with the growth of microbial count that was lower than those stored at 25 °C in a 50-day period. Changes in color and oBrix value were not significantly observed in the samples stored at 25 °C and 4 °C. Lime juice was selected as the additional flavoring agent, which could increase both the palatability and AGI activity of the beverages.

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