scholarly journals Changes in Hepatic Phospholipid Metabolism in Rats under UV Irradiation and Topically Treated with Cannabidiol

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Michał Biernacki ◽  
Anna Jastrząb ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

The liver is a key metabolic organ that is particularly sensitive to environmental factors, including UV radiation. As UV radiation induces oxidative stress and inflammation, natural compounds are under investigation as one method to counteract these consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of topical application of phytocannabinoid-cannabidiol (CBD) on the skin of nude rats chronically irradiated with UVA/UVB, paying particular attention to its impact on the liver antioxidants and phospholipid metabolism. The results of this study indicate that CBD reaches the rat liver where it is then metabolized into decarbonylated cannabidiol, 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol and cannabidiol-glucuronide. CBD increased the levels of GSH and vitamin A after UVB radiation. Moreover, CBD prevents the increase of 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α levels in UVA-irradiated rats. As a consequence of reductions in phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenases activity following UV irradiation, CBD upregulates the level of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and downregulates prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. Finally, CBD enhances decreased level of 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 after UVB radiation and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid after UVA radiation. These data show that CBD applied to the skin prevents ROS- and enzyme-dependent phospholipid metabolism in the liver of UV-irradiated rats, suggesting that it may be used as an internal organ protector.

Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšienė ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

The paper presents the assessment of ultraviolet radiation from technical sources. It has been determined that the intensity of UVA radiation is about 10 times higher than the intensity of radiation of UVB. It has been investigated that the intensity of UV radiation during the welding process nonlinearly depends on the strength of the current, namely, if the strength of the current is reduced by 60%, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced by 20%, it also depends on the distance from the source, namely, if the distance is increased 10 times, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced about 25 times. The dose of UVA and UVB radiation from various resources is calculated. Comparison with the minimum erythema dose is submitted. It has been obtained that when the strength of the current is 315 A, the UV radiation dose exceeds 1 MED, namely, UVA ∼ 3000, UVB ∼300 times. After having carried out the experiment it has been found that the UV radiation emitted from a welder comprises about 80% of UVA, and about 20% of UVB. The results of investigation made in a solarium show that UV radiation from lamps comprises 98% of UVA radiation and 2% – of UVB radiation, while in the Sun rays reaching the Earth UV radiation comprises 96% of UVA and 4% of UVB. Santrauka Darbe radiometriniais metodais nustatyti ir įvertinti dirbtinių šaltinių skleidžiamos ultravioletinės alfa ir beta spinduliuotės (UVA ir UVB) intensyvumo pokyčiai ir apskaičiuota įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė. Nustatyta, kad suvirinimo proceso metu skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas priklauso nuo šaltinio intensyvumo (sumažinus šaltinio intensyvumą apie 60 %, UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 20 %) bei nuo atstumo nuo šaltinio (padidinus atstumą 10 kartų UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 25 kartus). Įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė palyginama su minimalia eritemine doze. Gauta, kad suvirinimo metu, esant 315 A elektros srovės stipriui, UVA spinduliuotės dozė 1 MED viršija apie 3000, UVB ~ 300 kartų. Nustatyta, kad apie 80 % iš suvirinimo aparato skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA, o apie 20 % – UVB. 98 % soliariumo lempų skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA ir 2 % – UVB, gi iš Žemę pasiekiančios Saulės UV spinduliuotės 96 % yra UVA ir 4 % UVB. Резюме Радиометрическими методами определены изменения УФА- и УФБ-излучений некоторых техногенных источников, а также рассчитана доза УФА- и УФБ-излучений этих источников. Установлено, что в среднем интенсивность УФА-излучения в 10 раз сильнее интенсивности УФБ-излучения. Установлено также, что в процессе сварки интенсивность испускаемого УФ-излучения зависит от интенсивности источника: при снижении интенсивности источника на 60% интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно на 20%; при увеличении расстояния от места сварки в 10 раз интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно в 25 раз. Рассчитана доза УФАи УФБ-излучений, создаваемая различными техногенными источниками. Представлено ее сравнение с минимальной эритемной дозой. Получено, что во время сварки при силе электрического тока 315 А доза УФА-излучения превышает 1 МЭД в 3000 раз, а УФБ-излучения – в 300 раз. Экспериментальными исследованиями получено, что испускаемое при сварке УФ излучение на 80% состоит из УФА-излучения и на 20% – из УФБ-излучения. В соляриуме, где был проведен эксперимент, УФ-излучение ламп состоит на 98% из УФА лучей и на 2% из УФБ лучей. Для сравнения: околоземное УФ-излучение Солнца в Литве состоит в среднем на 96% из УФА лучей и на 4% из УФБ лучей.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Pelclova ◽  
Tomas Navratil ◽  
Tereza Kacerova ◽  
Blanka Zamostna ◽  
Zdenka Fenclova ◽  
...  

The present pilot study tested the efficiency of nanoTiO2 sunscreen to prevent the oxidative stress/inflammation caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation using biomarkers in subjects’ blood, urine, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In addition, the skin absorption of nanoTiO2 was studied. Six identical subjects participated in three tests: (A) nanoTiO2 sunscreen, (B) UV radiation, and (C) sunscreen + UV. The first samples were collected before the test and the second after sunscreen application and/or UV exposure. On day 4, the third samples were collected, and the sunscreen was washed off, and the fourth samples were collected on day 11. The following biomarkers were measured: malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenal, aldehydes C6-C12, 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α, o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, 5-hydroxymethyl uracil, and leukotrienes, using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. Titania was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and TiO2 nanoparticles by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Sunscreen alone did not elevate the markers, but UV increased the biomarkers in the plasma, urine, and EBC. The sunscreen prevented skin redness, however it did not inhibit the elevation of oxidative stress/inflammatory markers. Titania and nanoTiO2 particles were found in the plasma and urine (but not in the EBC) in all sunscreen users, suggesting their skin absorption.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Min Yuan ◽  
Menno Grouls ◽  
Steven G Carmella ◽  
Renwei Wang ◽  
Alisa Heskin ◽  
...  

Abstract Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a nested case–control study of 347 HCC cases and 691 matched controls within a prospective cohort of 18 244 Chinese men in Shanghai, China. The concentrations of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite (PGE-M), a biomarker of the inflammation mediator PGE2, were determined in baseline urine samples using validated mass spectrometry assays. 8-epi-PGF2α levels were significantly higher in HCC cases than control subjects (geometric means 0.92 versus 0.80 pmol/mg creatinine, P < 0.001). The relative risks of developing HCC for the highest relative to the lowest quartile of 8-epi-PGF2α were 2.55 (95% confidence interval = 1.62–4.01, Ptrend < 0.001). This positive 8-epi-PGF2α–HCC risk association was independent of smoking status, alcohol consumption and hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis and was present 10 years before the clinical manifestation of HCC. This study did not find any significant association between urinary PEG-M and HCC risk. This study provides direct evidence in support of the critical role of oxidative stress in the development of HCC regardless of its underlying causes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8700
Author(s):  
Wojciech Łuczaj ◽  
Anna Jastrząb ◽  
Maria do Rosário Domingues ◽  
Pedro Domingues ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Chronic UV radiation causes oxidative stress and inflammation of skin and blood cells. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a natural phytocannabinoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on the phospholipid (PL) and ceramide (CER) profiles in the plasma of nude rats irradiated with UVA/UVB and treated topically with CBD. The results obtained showed that UVA/UVB radiation increased the levels of phosphatidylcholines, lysophospholipids, and eicosanoids (PGE2, TxB2), while downregulation of sphingomyelins led to an increase in CER[NS] and CER[NDS]. Topical application of CBD to the skin of control rats significantly upregulated plasma ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamines (PEo) and ceramides. However, CBD administered to rats irradiated with UVA/UVB promoted further upregulation of CER and PEo and led to significant downregulation of lysophospholipids. This was accompanied by the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD, manifested by a reduction in the levels of proinflammatory PGE2 and TxB2 and a dramatic increase in the level of anti-inflammatory LPXA4. It can therefore be suggested that topical application of CBD to the skin of rats exposed to UVA/UVB radiation prevents changes in plasma phospholipid profile resulting in a reduction of inflammation by reducing the level of LPE and LPC species and increasing antioxidant capacity due to upregulation of PEo species.


Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšiene ◽  
Rasele Girgždiene ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

Preliminary analysis of the data of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ground‐level ozone concentration measurements from Rugšteliškes Monitoring Station over the years 2002–2003 is presented. Observations showed that an average UV radiation value in January and July of 2002 differed about 10 times. Maximum intensity of UVA radiation was observed in July (about 2,4 W/m2), and minimal one ‐ in December (0,1 W/m2), the highest UVB radiation intensity was in May (0,09 W/m2), while a minimal UVB radiation value as well as that of UVA was registered in December (0,07 W/m2). Relationship between the highest ozone concentration and UVB radiation values during the summer of the investigation period was found to be linear.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Michał Biernacki ◽  
Małgorzata Michalina Brzóska ◽  
Agnieszka Markowska ◽  
Małgorzata Gałażyn-Sidorczuk ◽  
Bogdan Cylwik ◽  
...  

UVA/UVB radiation disturbs the redox balance of skin cells, and metabolic consequences can be transferred into the blood and internal tissues, especially after chronic skin exposure to UV radiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytocannabinoid, on oxidative stress and its consequences in the blood of nude rats whose skin was exposed to UVA/UVB radiation for 4 weeks. It was shown that CBD penetrated the blood and in UVB-irradiated rats was preferentially located in the membranes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which promoted reduction of ROS generation and up-regulation of antioxidant ability by increasing the activity of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase, while the level of reduced glutathione decreased by UV radiation. Consequently, reduction in UV-induced lipid peroxidation, assessed as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-isoprostane (8-isoPGF2α) as well as protein modifications, estimated as 4-HNE-protein adducts and protein carbonyl groups, was observed. CBD, by countering the UV-induced down-regulation of 2-arachidonylglycerol, promoted its antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects by reducing CB1 and increasing PPARγ receptor activation and consequently ROS and TNF-α down-regulation. The results suggest that CBD applied topically to the skin minimizes redox changes not only at the skin level, but also at the systemic level.


Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšienė ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

This article presents measurement results of intensity of solar UVA and UVB radiation, as well as UV radiation albedo from various surfaces. The intensity of albedo was measured from natural surfaces, such as: sand, grass, water, and snow. The paper also presents measurements of solar emitted UVA and UVB radiation intensity in the shadow. Ultraviolet radiation intensity and surface albedo was measured using a handy UVA radiation radiometer UVA ‐ 365HA, with spectral response of 320–390 nm and a handy UVB radiation radiometer PMA2201, with spectral response of 280–320 nm. The results of measurements show that snow has the maximum albedo ‐ from 50 to 60 per cent, sand ‐ 10 per cent, and the minimum albedo is for grass ‐ 2 or 3 per cent. The data of experimental measurements of UVA and UVB radiation in the shadow show that maximum reduction of intensity of UVA radiation up to 80%, was at 1 p.m. in comparison with reduction of intensity of UVB radiation to 70% at 2 p.m. Santrauka Pateikti saules skleidžiamos UVA ir UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir ivairiu paviršiu UV spinduliuotes albedo matavimu rezultatai. Matuotas ivairiu natūraliu paviršiu albedas: smelio, žoles, vandens, sniego. Ultravioletines spinduliuotes intensyvumas ir ivairiu paviršiu albedas matuotas nešiojamaisiais radiometrais: UVA spinduliuotes ‐ UVA‐365 HA, kurio daviklis registruoja UV spinduliuote nuo 320 iki 400 nm, ir UVB spinduliuotes‐PMA2201, kurio daviklis registruoja UV spinduliuote nuo 280 iki 320 nm. Atlikus eksperimentus nustatyta, kad iš natūraliu paviršiu didžiausias albedas yra sniego ‐ apie 80–90 %, smelio ‐ 10 %, mažiausias ‐ žoles, apie 2–3 %. Atlikta saules skleidžiamos UVA, UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir šalia esančiu paviršiu albedo ryšio analize. Didžiausi koreliacijos koeficientai gauti: tarp UVA spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir smelio albedo (‐0,93), tarp UVA spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir žoles albedo (0,93), tarp UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo ir smelio albedo (‐0,89). Atlikus UVA ir UVB spinduliuotes intensyvumo matavimus šešelyje, nustatyta, kad labiausiai UVA spinduliuote sumažeja apie 13 vai. (80 %), o UVB ‐ apie 14 vai. (70 %). Резюме Представлены результаты измерения интенсивности УФА и УФБ солнечного излучения, а также УФ альбедо различных поверхностей. Измерялись альбедо натуральных материалов: песка, травы, воды, снега. Интенсивность ультрафиолетового излучения и альбедо различных поверхностей измерялись переносными радиометрами: УФА излучение – УФА–365 HA, датчик которого регистрирует УФ излучение в пределах 320–400 нм, и УФБ излучение – РМА2201, датчик которого регистрирует УФ излучение в пределах 280–320 нм. Результаты экспериментов показали, что наибольшее альбедо у натуральных веществ: около 80–90 % – у снега, 10 % – у песка, наименьшее (около 2–3 %) – у травы. Проведен анализ связи между солнечной интенсивностью УФА излучения, УФБ излучения и альбедо находящихся рядом друг с другом поверхностей. Наибольшие коэффициенты корреляции получены между интенсивностью УФА излучения и альбедо песка (–0,93), между интенсивностью УФА излучения и альбедо травы (0,93), между интенсивностью УФБ излучения и альбедо песка (–0,89). После проведения измерений интенсивности УФА и УФБ излучений в тени установлено, что больше всего УФА излучение уменьшается около 13 ч (80 %), а УФБ – около 14 ч (70 %).


Author(s):  
Saran Kumar Gupta ◽  
Najnin Islam ◽  
Chandrani Choudhuri ◽  
Palash Mandal

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the therapeutical and oxidative stress status of fenugreek seedlings during the post-germination phase.Methods: The seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. were subjected to UV radiation of different wavelengths UV 254 nm, UV 365 nm and the combination of 254 nm and 365 nm UV during the course of germination up to 96 h. Free radicals scavenging activity, in vitro antidiabetic activity as well as total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents were evaluated up to four days of germination stages. Analysis of total activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, catalase and NADPH oxidase (NOX) was conducted using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis along with histochemical detection of H2O2 and superoxide radical localisation, lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane integrity was also performed.Results: Overall it was observed that the sprouts exposed to UV 365 nm exhibited a significant enhancement in free radical scavenging as well as antidiabetic activity at the 48h stage of germination. Interestingly highest phenol and flavonol content were also stimulated at the same stage by UV 365 nm. The effect of UV irradiation was evident on the localisation of H2O2 and superoxide radical. The on gel assay revealed that the total activities of the antioxidant enzymes were extensively elevated by UV irradiation.Conclusion: The results suggest that the UV irradiation technology can be implemented for the enhancement of nutraceutical properties of sprouts also UV exposure helps in the induction of the antioxidant enzyme system which may be beneficial for oxidative stress management in plants during germination phases.


Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz ◽  
Michał Biernacki ◽  
Adam Wroński ◽  
Agnieszka Gęgotek ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dysregulated keratinocyte differentiation, but oxidative stress also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we examined the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on the redox balance and phospholipid metabolism in UVA/UVB-irradiated keratinocytes isolated from the skin of psoriatic patients or healthy volunteers. CBD accumulates mainly in membrane keratinocytes, especially from patients with psoriasis. This phytocannabinoid reduces the redox imbalance observed in the UV-irradiated keratinocytes of healthy subjects. It does so by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increasing the Trx-dependent system efficiency, and increasing vitamin A and E levels. Consequently, a reduction in lipid peroxidation products, such as 8-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal, was also observed. Moreover, CBD modifies redox balance and lipid peroxidation in psoriatic patient keratinocytes following UV-irradiation. Interestingly, these changes are largely in the opposite direction to the case of keratinocytes from healthy subjects. CBD also regulates metabolic changes by modulating the endocannabinoid system that is disturbed by psoriasis development and UV irradiation. We observed a decrease in anandamide level in the UV-irradiated keratinocytes of healthy controls following CBD treatment, while in keratinocytes from patients treated with CBD, anandamide level was increased. However, the level of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) was decreased in both groups treated with CBD. We further demonstrate that CBD increases CB1 receptor expression, primarily in the keratinocytes of patients, and increases CB2 receptor expression in both the psoriatic and control groups. However, CBD decreases CB2 receptor expression in UV-irradiated keratinocytes taken from patients. The UV- and psoriasis-induced activity of transmembrane transporters (Multidrug-Resistance (MDR) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)) is normalized after CBD treatment. We conclude that CBD partially reduces oxidative stress in the keratinocytes of healthy individuals, while showing a tendency to increase the oxidative and inflammatory state in the keratinocytes of patients with psoriasis, especially following UV-irradiation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigen G. Barkhudaryan ◽  
Gayane V. Ananyan ◽  
Nelli H. Karapetyan

Background: The processes of destruction and crosslinking of macromolecules occur simultaneously under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in synthetic polymers, dry DNA and their concentrated solutions. Objective: The effect of UV radiation on calf thymus DNA in dilute solutions subjected to UV- irradiation was studied in this work. Method: The calf thymus DNA was studied in dilute solutions using viscometry, absorption spectroscopy and electrophoresis. Results: It was shown, that at a low concentration of DNA in the buffer solution ([DNA] = 85 μg / ml) under the influence of UV radiation, the processes of destruction of macromolecules and an increase in their flexibility predominate, which is accompanied by a gradual decrease in the viscosity of their solution. In addition, due to the low concentration of the solution, intramolecular crosslinking of macromolecules predominates, which also reduces their size and, consequently, the viscosity of the solution. Conclusion: It was concluded, that in dilute DNA solutions, due to the predominance of the processes of intramolecular crosslinking of macromolecules over intermolecular, only constant processes of decreasing the sizes of DNA macromolecules occur. As a result, its solubility remains virtually unchanged during UV irradiation. The described comments are also excellently confirmed by the results of absorption spectroscopy and electrophoresis


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