scholarly journals Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology—A Review—Part II: Carotenoids in the Human Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Dulińska-Litewka ◽  
Przemysław Hałubiec ◽  
Agnieszka Łazarczyk ◽  
Oskar Szafrański ◽  
Yoav Sharoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Prostatic Diseases ◽  
Β Carotene

Among the vast variety of plant-derived phytochemicals, the group of carotenoids has continuously been investigated in order to optimize their potential application in the area of dietary intervention related to chronic diseases. One organ that has been especially targeted in many of these studies and clinical trials is the human prostate. Without doubt, carotenoids (and their endogenous derivatives—retinoids and apo-carotenoids) are involved in a plethora of intra- and intercellular signaling, cell growth, and differentiation of prostate tissue. Due to the accumulation of new data on the role of different carotenoids, such as lycopene (LYC) and β-carotene (BC), in prostatic physiology and pathology, the present review aimed to cover the past ten years of research in this regard. Data from experimental studies are presented in the first part of the review, while epidemiological studies are disclosed in this second part. The objective of this compilation was to emphasize the present state of knowledge about the most potent molecular targets of carotenoids, as well as to propose promising carotenoid agents for the prevention and possible treatment of prostatic diseases.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Their Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology with a Focus on Prostate Cancer—A Review—Part I: Molecular Mechanisms of Carotenoid Action

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Joanna Dulińska-Litewka ◽  
Yoav Sharoni ◽  
Przemysław Hałubiec ◽  
Agnieszka Łazarczyk ◽  
Oskar Szafrański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Prostatic Diseases ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Area Data

Among the vast variety of plant-derived phytochemicals, the group of carotenoids has continuously been investigated in order to optimize their potential application in the area of dietary intervention and medicine. One organ which has been especially targeted in many of these studies and clinical trials is the human prostate. Without doubt, carotenoids (and their endogenous derivatives—retinoids and other apo-carotenoids) are involved in intra- and intercellular signaling, cell growth and differentiation of prostate tissue. Due to the accumulation of new data on the role of different carotenoids such as lycopene (LC) and β-carotene (BC) in prostatic physiology and pathology, the present review aims to cover the past ten years of research in this area. Data from experimental studies are presented in the first part of the review, while epidemiological studies are disclosed and discussed in the second part. The objective of this compilation is to emphasize the present state of knowledge regarding the most potent molecular targets of carotenoids and their main metabolites, as well as to propose promising carotenoid agents for the prevention and treatment of prostatic diseases.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Anthropocene and Capitalocene Caused Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Subedi
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

  Most epidemiological studies focus on the direct causes of diseases while wider, social causal factors are ignored. This paper briefly highlights the history of major epidemics and the role of Anthropocene and Capitalocene for the emergence and reemergence of pandemics like COVID-19. Books, journal articles, and statistics offer information that can explain the phenomena. A historical inquiry can inform us about the fundamental causes of pandemics. Human security and ecology are intertwined, and the global effect of pandemics responded to at the national level is inadequate. The lessons from the past and present help us devise effective ethically and socially appropriate strategies to mitigate the threats. If the present crisis is not taken seriously at the global level, the world has to face more difficult challenges in years to come.

Exposure to environmental chemicals and type 1 diabetes: an update

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah G Howard
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Timing Of Exposure

This narrative review summarises recently published epidemiological and in vivo experimental studies on exposure to environmental chemicals and their potential role in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). These studies focus on a variety of environmental chemical exposures, including to air pollution, arsenic, some persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, bisphenol A and phthalates. Of the 15 epidemiological studies identified, 14 include measurements of exposures during childhood, 2 include prenatal exposures and 1 includes adults over age 21. Together, they illustrate that the role of chemicals in T1DM may be complex and may depend on a variety of factors, such as exposure level, timing of exposure, nutritional status and chemical metabolism. While the evidence that these exposures may increase the risk of T1DM is still preliminary, it is critical to investigate this possibility further as a means of preventing T1DM.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Protective Effect of a Combination of Curcumin and Selenium-L-Methionine on Radiation Induced Dual Oxidase Upregulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Amini ◽  
Saeed Rezapoor ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
Ahmed Eleojo Musa ◽  
Masoud Najafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Radiation Induced

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown an increased incidence of heart diseases among survivors of Chernobyl disaster as well as Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb explosion. Similar results were observed for lung and left breast cancer patients. Experimental studies have proposed the chronic upregulation of some pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines. Recent studies have shown that upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes play a key role in the development of late effects of ionizing radiation such as fibrosis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-13 (IL-13) are two important cytokines that have shown ability to induce production of free radicals through dual oxidases (Duox) i.e. Duox1 and Duox2. In this study, we aimed to detect the expression of IL-4 receptor-a1 (IL-4Ra1), IL-13 receptor-a2 (IL-13Ra2), Duox1 and Duox2 genes following irradiation of rat’s heart. In addition, we evaluated the possible role of the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine on the regulation of these genes. Methods: Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups as follows; G1: control; G2: treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine; G3: radiation; G4: radiation plus treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine. Rats were sacrificed 10 weeks after irradiation for detecting the expression of IL-4Ra1, IL-13Ra2, Duox1 and Duox2. Results: Results showed that exposure to ionizing radiation caused upregulation of IL-4Ra1 by more than 4-fold as well as Duox1 and Duox2 by more than 5-fold. However, results showed no detectable expression for IL-13Ra2. Treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine could attenuate the upregulation of all genes. Conclusion: This study has shown that exposing rat’s heart tissues to radiation leads to chronic upregulation of IL-4Ra1, Duox1 and Duox2 as well as pro-oxidant enzymes. Treatment with the combination of curcumin and selenium-L-methionine showed ability to attenuate the upregulation of these genes.

scholarly journals Role of Individual Academics and International Universities in Health Research in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-81
Author(s):  
P Simkhada ◽  
E Van Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Changes Over Time

Nepal has made progress in health sciences and medical education over the past decade. We believe that there is a need in Nepal for a greater research emphasis on mixed-methods approaches, qualitative research, critical appraisal & systematic reviewing and health economics. Specifically to the discipline of epidemiology, Nepal should consider establishing more and better epidemiological studies, the kind of population-based studies that can identify risk factors, track changes over time at a population level over the decades to come.  We know how important such long-term research is but we are also painfully aware how expensive this kind on long-term research can be.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i2.6572 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2(2):179-81 

scholarly journals Role of pregnancy and female sex steroids on aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture: a systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milli Desai ◽  
Arvin R. Wali ◽  
Harjus S. Birk ◽  
David R. Santiago-Dieppa ◽  
Alexander A. Khalessi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

OBJECTIVEWomen have been shown to have a higher risk of cerebral aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture than men. The authors present a review of the recently published neurosurgical literature that studies the role of pregnancy and female sex steroids, to provide a conceptual framework with which to understand the various risk factors associated with cerebral aneurysms in women at different stages in their lives.METHODSThe PubMed database was searched for “(“intracranial” OR “cerebral”) AND “aneurysm” AND (“pregnancy” OR “estrogen” OR “progesterone”)” between January 1980 and February 2019. A total of 392 articles were initially identified, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 papers were selected for review and analysis. These papers were then divided into two categories: 1) epidemiological studies about the formation, growth, rupture, and management of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy; and 2) investigations on female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms (animal studies and epidemiological studies).RESULTSThe 20 articles presented in this study include 7 epidemiological articles on pregnancy and cerebral aneurysms, 3 articles reporting case series of cerebral aneurysms treated by endovascular therapies in pregnancy, 3 epidemiological articles reporting the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms through retrospective case-control studies, and 7 experimental studies using animal and/or cell models to understand the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms. The studies in this review report similar risk of aneurysm rupture in pregnant women compared to the general population. Most ruptured aneurysms in pregnancy occur during the 3rd trimester, and most pregnant women who present with cerebral aneurysm have caesarean section deliveries. Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy is shown to provide a new and safe form of therapy for these cases. Epidemiological studies of postmenopausal women show that estrogen hormone therapy and later age at menopause are associated with a lower risk of cerebral aneurysm than in matched controls. Experimental studies in animal models corroborate this epidemiological finding; estrogen deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which may predispose to the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms, while exogenous estrogen treatment in this population may lower this risk.CONCLUSIONSThe aim of this work is to equip the neurosurgical and obstetrical/gynecological readership with the tools to better understand, critique, and apply findings from research on sex differences in cerebral aneurysms.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease: All Said—Is Not It?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Strang ◽  
Heribert Schunkert
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

C-reactive protein (CRP) and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been the subject of intensive investigations over the last decades. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between moderately elevated CRP levels and incident CHD whereas genetic studies have shown that polymorphisms associated with elevated CRP levels do not increase the risk of ischemic vascular disease, suggesting that CRP might be a bystander rather than a causal factor in the progress of atherosclerosis. Beside all those epidemiological and genetic studies, the experimental investigations also try to reveal the role of CRP in the progress of atherosclerosis. This review will highlight the complex results of genomic, epidemiological, and experimental studies on CRP and will show why further studies investigating the relationship between CRP and atherosclerosis might be needed.

scholarly journals The role of protein in the development of chronic disease anemia in patients with chronic cardiac failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 869-874
Author(s):  
V. I. Ershov ◽  
Igor Yu. Gadaev ◽  
N. I. Solomakhina ◽  
E. S. Nakhodnova ◽  
E. S. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Topical Problem ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Cardiac Failure ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
High Prevalence

The review of the current literature presents data on chronic disease anemia (CDA), a topical problem of internal medicine belonging to the group of iron-deficient anemia and taking its name from the inflammatory process behind its pathogenesis. It is also called inflammation anemia or cytokine-mediated anemia. This condition is of primary importance in connection with associated, according to recent epidemiological studies , with high prevalence of CDA that impairs quality of life, aggravates prognosis, and increases mortality. Mechanisms of CDA development are discussed with special reference to three trigger factors, viz. cytokines, erythropoietin, and the recently discovered protein hepcidin. The latter has attracted especially much attention in the past years. Iron-containing medications being inefficient in the patients with CDA, other modern approaches to their treatment designed to directly influence the pathophysiological processes behind the disease are considered with special emphasis laid on the enhancement of ferroportin activity and reduction of hepcidin synthesis.

scholarly journals Vitamin D in autoimmune bullous disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Tukaj
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Bullous Diseases ◽  
Bullous Diseases

Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and the development of various autoimmune diseases, including diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus erythematosus. More recently, such a link has been also proposed for autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD). This is a relatively rare and potentially life-threatening, organ-specific group of inflammatory skin diseases characterized by the presence of tissue-bound and circulating autoantibodies against various molecules present in desmosomes (in pemphigus diseases) or hemidesmosomes (in pemphigoid diseases). In addition to the well-known role of vitamin D in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), exerts potent effects on cellular differentiation and regulation of immune responses via binding to the vitamin D receptor present in most cells of the immune system. Since cells of both, the innate and adaptive immune systems, are known to be relevant in AIBD, the role of vitamin D analogues in the treatment of patients with these disorders deserves much attention. This mini-review summarizes recent epidemiological and experimental studies on vitamin D involvement in the autoimmune bullous diseases.

scholarly journals Fibre and colorectal cancer: a controversial question

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S1) ◽  
pp. S46-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Obrador
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intervention Trials

Since the 1970s it has been postulated that dietary fibre is a protective factor against colorectal cancer. Several epidemiological studies have been performed following different designs (correlation studies, case–control, cohort) and overall they have supported the hypothesis of a benefit of dietary fibre. However, a few intervention trials have not demonstrated the preventive role of dietary fibre on the occurrence of adenomatous colorectal polyps. Nevertheless, there are multiple animal experimental studies that support the role of fibre in the prevention of colorectal cancer. In the present review, the most important contributions to this controversial question are revised. Finally, it is recommended to continue encouraging an increase in the daily consumption of fibre, since it probably plays an important role in the prevention of colorectal cancer, together with other beneficial effects.

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