scholarly journals Influence of Different Methionine Sources on Performance and Slaughter Characteristics of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ullrich ◽  
Marion Langeheine ◽  
Ralph Brehm ◽  
Venja Taube ◽  
Mercedes Rosillo Galera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Protein Diets

Sustainably produced poultry meat with consideration of animal health poses a challenge for broiler production. Low protein diets with high amounts of synthetic amino acids (AAs) like methionine (Met) are the consequence. In a five-week feeding trial, 360 broilers (Ross 308) assigned to four feeding groups were offered protein-reduced complete diets (starter: 20% crude protein (CP); grower: 18.5% CP; finisher: 17.5% CP), supplemented with essential AAs. The “MHA” group received DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA; trade name: MHA®), groups “L” and “DL” the respective Met source in equivalent concentrations each exceeding the nutritional recommendations. “R-MHA” (“R” for “reduced”) received the minimum required level (using MHA as Met source). Performance exceeded performance goals without differences between the groups. The average feed conversion ratio (FCR) amounted to 1.35. The carcass/body weight ratio of R-MHA was significantly lower (0.782) compared to DL (0.808) and L (0.809). Breast meat of R-MHA contained significantly more fat (144 g/kg dry matter (DM)) compared to L (104 g/kg DM) and significantly lower CP content (R-MHA: 838 g/kg DM; L: 875 g/kg DM). The results indicated possible improvement in slaughter yield by protein-reduced diets supplemented with L-Met, thus recommending further research focusing on the Met influence.

scholarly journals Influence of L-lactic acid on the efficacy of microbial phytase in broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zobač ◽  
I. Kumprecht ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
J. Brož ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Growth Trial

Two growth trials and a short-term metabolism trial were conducted in broiler chickens in the period of 22 to 42 days of age in order to evaluate the effects of two dietary levels of L-lactic acid (1.03 or 2.06 g/kg) and microbial 6-phytase (750 U/kg), added either separately or in combination, on growth rate, feed conversion, dressing percentage and utilization of selected nutrients. In the first growth trial, six different dietary treatments were added to a basal grower diet containing 19.4% crude protein and a reduced level of dietary phosphorus (P) (5.9 g total and 2.9 g non-phytate P per kg). Single administration of L-lactic acid did not show any positive effect on the growth rate or feed conversion. In contrast, phytase addition to a low-P grower diet resulted in the increased final weight of birds and higher feed conversion. This beneficial effect was markedly stronger when the microbial phytase was added to the diets containing L-lactic acid. Based on two-factor analysis of variance, microbial phytase significantly increased the mean final weight by 6.5% (P < 0.01) and significantly improved feed conversion from 1.877 to 1.829 (P < 0.05). In the second growth trial, the same six dietary treatments were added to a basal diet containing a standard level of dietary P (6.7 g total and 4.0 g non-phytate P per kg), but the level of crude protein was reduced to 17.0%. L-lactic acid alone did not show any positive effects on performance. Phytase supplementation alone resulted in numerical improvement of the final weight (+1.1–2.4%), but a higher effect was observed in the diets containing L-lactic acid. In agreement with the reduced final weights of broilers fed the low-protein diets, markedly higher values of feed/gain ratio were noted. In the metabolism trial, selected dietary treatments were involved to evaluate the effects of L-lactic acid and microbial phytase, added either separately or in combination, on the digestibility of nitrogen (N) and fat as well as on the retention and excretion of N and P. Apparent digestibility of N and fat in the low-P diets was not affected by dietary treatments. Retention and utilization of N were numerically higher in all treatments fed low-P diets when compared to the treatment fed a standard diet, but the differences were not significant. Retention of P was numerically higher in all treatments fed low-P diets. When compared to the standard diet, the combination of phytase and L-lactic acid increased daily P retention by 37.6%. P excretion was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in all treatments fed low-P diets supplemented by both test products, either separately or in combination. A numerical decrease in N excretion was noted in both treatments fed low-protein diets.    

Starch and protein digestive dynamics in low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Liu ◽  
P. H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diets

Digestive dynamics of starch and protein is defined as digestion of starch and protein, absorption of glucose and amino acids from the gut lumen and their transition across enterocytes to enter the portal circulation. Digestive dynamics consider the extent, rate and site of nutrient digestion along the small intestine and the bilateral, post-enteral bioavailability of glucose and amino acids. The underlying premise is that glucose and amino acids should be made available in appropriately balanced quantities at the sites of protein synthesis for efficient protein deposition and growth performance. Previous studies have suggested that feed conversion efficiency may be enhanced by rapidly digestible protein and that crystalline amino acids could be considered sources of ‘rapid protein’. At present, crystalline lysine, methionine and threonine are routinely included in broiler diets; moreover, an increasing array of both essential and non-essential crystalline amino acids is becoming commercially available. Despite unrestricted feed access in commercial chicken-meat production systems during the period of illumination, it appears that the intermittent feed consumption patterns of broiler chickens still provide scope for asynchronies in digestion and absorption of nutrients, which affects broiler performance. A better understanding of the post-enteral, bilateral bioavailability of glucose and amino acids in low-protein diets containing high levels of synthetic amino acids is clearly desirable and this applies equally to the relationship between crystalline and protein-bound amino acids.

RESPONSE OF MALE AND FEMALE BROILERS TO DIET PROTEIN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
L. J. CASTON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Breast Meat Yield ◽  
Protein Diets

Two experiments were conducted to note the broilers' response to graded levels of dietary protein (CP). Female birds were fed one of six diet series ranging from 22–20–18 to 18–18–16% CP from 0–21 days, 21–35 days and 35–42 days, respectively. Males were fed diet series from 28–24–22 to 20–18–16 over the same time periods (Table 1). Each diet program was tested with four replicate groups of 60 birds. Body weight and feed intake were monitored at time of feed change-over and at termination of experiment. Twenty birds per replicate were used for carcass analyses. Females were heavier when diets of higher protein content were offered (P < 0.05). These birds consumed more feed (P < 0.05) but exhibited feed efficiency that was not different to birds fed diets of lower protein content. Carcass weight and breast meat yield were not influenced by diet, although higher-protein diet series resulted in reduced proportional abdominal fat pad size (P < 0.01). Diet protein had no effect on body weight of male birds at 42 d (P > 0.05). Male birds reared on a program involving die lowest CP levels of 20–18–16 exhibited inferior feed utilization relative to birds from most other treatments (P < 0.05). Programs with low-protein diets for males resulted in reduced carcass weight, reduced breast meat yield and increased abdominal fat deposition (P < 0.05). It is concluded that male birds can be reared on very low protein diets without loss of weight, although carcass quality will be inferior. Female broilers are heavier when diet protein intake is increased through use of diets with higher protein content. Key words: Broiler, diet protein, performance, carcass composition

The effects of defaunation of the rumen on the growth of cattle on low-protein high-energy diets

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Bird ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Nonyl Phenol ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Protein Diets

1. The effects of defaunation of the rumen of cattle on low-protein diets was studied using animals given free access to a basal diet of liquid molasses and 1500 g oaten straw/head per d. These diets induced moderate numbers of protozoa in the rumen.2. Nonyl phenol ethoxylate (trade name teric GN9) was used for defaunation; 100 g teric GN9 was found to be sufficient to eliminate protozoa from the rumen.3. In cattle given the basal diet without bypass protein supplementation, defaunation had no effect on growth rates. Addition of 240 g of a feed pellet containing bypass protein increased growth rate significantly. Growth rates were significantly increased by 43 % in cattle on the higher protein intake and where protozoa were removed. Intake of molasses was apparently stimulated by a protein supplementation but not by defaunation and this finding is discussed.4. The results demonstrate that in cattle given a molasses-based diet, low in bypass protein, growth rates can be stimulated by defaunation without an effect on feed intake, the main effect apparently arising through an increased efficiency of utilization of feed.

scholarly journals Cyclic feeding of low and high protein diets reduces production cost of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biji Xavier ◽  
K. K. Jain ◽  
N. P. Sahu ◽  
A. K. Pal ◽  
G. Maheswarudu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feeding Cycle ◽  
Cyclic Feeding ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Eighty four days feeding trial (3 feeding cycle ; each cycle of 28 days comprising 21 days with low protein and 7 days with normal or high protein diets) was conducted with Labeo rohita fingerlings to investigate the growth performance. Four diets; D1 (10% CP); D2 (30% CP); D3 (35% CP) and D4 (40% CP) were prepared. A total of 225 fingerlings were distributed randomly into five treatments in triplicates. T1 and T2 groups were fed with D1 and D2 diets respectively throughout the experimental period. The feeding cycle of 28 days consisted of 21 days feeding with D1 and 7 days with D2 (T3); D3 (T4) or D4 (T5). Higher growth rate in terms of specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and apparent net protein utilisation were found in T2 and T3 group compared to T4 and T5. However, protein efficiency ratio of T3 group was significantly higher than the T2 group (p<0.05). Highest and lowest content of protein and lipid was observed in T2 group, whereas, the ash content was highest in T1 group. Feeding cost wasconsiderably reduced with T3 group of low protein intake (43.63%) registering 20.17% saving in production cost. The results indicate that fish fed with cyclic feeding schedule of 21 days with D1 (10% CP) followed by 7 days with a normal diet, D2 (30% CP) could reduce the production cost with considerable savings in feed cost.

The effect of supplementary nickel on urea metabolism in sheep given a low-protein diet

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
J.S. Milne ◽  
F. G. Whitelaw ◽  
J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Urea Metabolism ◽  
Protein Diets

Rumen bacterial urease is known to be a nickel-dependent enzyme and work in USA has shown that the addition of Ni to ruminant diets can increase the activity of urease in rumen fluid (Spears et al., 1977) and in rumen epithelial tissue (Spears et al., 1979)- In practical feeding trials the addition of 5 ppm Ni has also been shown to increase growth rate and feed conversion efficiency in lambs and steers given high-energy low-protein diets (Spears et al., 1979; Spears, 1984). On the basis of these findings it has been suggested that Ni acts by virtue of its effect on rumen urease activity to enhance the recycling of urea-N to the rumen when dietary N supply is low (Spears, 1980). This hypothesis however does not appear to have been tested by direct measurements of the effect of Ni supplements on urea synthesis and degradation rates in ruminants given low protein diets.

scholarly journals Efficiency of feed use by broiler chickens of the “Cobb-500” cross when feeding a probiotic preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Ivan Koschayev ◽  
Christina Mezinova ◽  
Nadezhda Sorokina ◽  
Antonina Ryadinskaya ◽  
Natalia Ordina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Positive Properties

One of the methods of combating unwanted microflora is the use of antibiotics, however, along with positive properties, they have a number of significant disadvantages, in particular, the detrimental effect of both pathogenic and beneficial intestinal microflora. In this regard, there is an urgent need to replace antibiotics with safer substances, which increasingly include probiotics. The mechanism of action of probiotics is to selectively affect pathogenic microflora, without harming the beneficial one. In the course of the study, it was found that low-protein diets (low in protein, but balanced in amino acid profile) allow unlocking the potential of probiotic cultures of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain and, as a result, reduce feed conversion by 0.08 kg/kg.

scholarly journals Effect of diets of different protein concentrations on indigenous growing chicks of Bangladesh in confinement

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yousuf Miah ◽  
Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury ◽  
Ak Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Confinement System ◽  
Protein Density ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Protein Diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets varying in protein concentrations on indigenous (desi) growing chicks reared under confinement system. The feeding trial was conducted with 144 indigenous female (desi) growing chicks during 12-22 weeks of age. The birds were divided into four dietary treatments each of three replications and reared on littered floor in an open-sided house. The number of birds in each replication was 12. Four iso-nitrogenous grower diets differing in protein contents were formulated to constitute dietary treatments. Diets for comparison were: control (a mixture of broken rice, rice polish, protein concentrate etc); low protein density (LPD): CP 15%; moderate protein density (MPD): CP 17% and high protein density (HPD): CP 19%. Metabolizable energy was maintained 2700 kcal/kg in every diet. The contents of CP, ME, calcium (Ca) and total phosphorous in MPD diet were fitted with the requirements calculated on the basis of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard). Diets were formulated using locally available feedstuffs. Body weight and feed intake of the birds were recorded weekly. The results indicated that body weight and weight gain increased significantly in birds that received MPD diets in comparison with those received the other diets. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly in all protein diets in comparison with the control. It is concluded indigenous (desi) female chicks may achieve up to 1.1kg body weight at 22 weeks of age when 17% CP is fed in a2700 kcal ME/kg diet.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 109-113

scholarly journals Digestible threonine-to-lysine ideal ratio for laying hens fed with low-protein diets from 24 to 40 weeks of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2229-2234
Author(s):  
Silvana Marques Pastore ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Paulo Cezar Gomes ◽  
Will Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Gabriel da Silva Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Mass Feed

ABSTRACT: This trial was performed to determine the dietary digestible threonine-to-lysine (dig. Thr-to-Lys) ideal ratio for laying hens fed with low-protein diets from 24 to 40 weeks of age. At 24 weeks of age, two hundred forty Hy Line W-36 laying hens were randomly assigned to five treatments, represented by five dig Thr-to-Lys ratios (60; 67; 74; 81 and 88%), with eight replicates each one with six hens per experimental unit. Digestible Thr-to-Lys did not affect laying hen performance and egg quality, except for digestible Threonine intake, which showed linear increase as dig. Thr-to-Lys ratios increased. Linear broken-line model was chosen to analyze data according to lack of fit. According to linear broken-linen estimates, digestible Threonine ideal levels for optimum egg production, egg mass, feed efficiency of lysine utilization for egg mass, feed conversion per egg mass and dozens of eggs and nitrogen balance were 0.610; 0.580; 0.614; 0.599; 0.599 and 0.643%, which correspond respectively to dig Thr-to-Lys ratios of 80; 75; 80; 78; 78 and 83%. The digestible threonine-to-lysine ideal ratio for laying hens from 24 to 40 weeks of age is 80%.

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