scholarly journals The Effects of Maternal Obesity on Porcine Placental Efficiency and Proteome

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Wei Li ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Ming Wei ◽  
Ying-Ying Guo ◽  
Pei-Shi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Metabolism ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidase Activity ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Placental Efficiency ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Factor Α

Maternal obesity is associated with impaired maternal metabolism and affects the developmental programming of the fetus. The placenta is dysfunctional when exposed to an obese intrauterine environment and can transduce and mediate detrimental maternal impacts to the fetus through mechanisms that remain largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal obesity on the porcine placental proteome and to analyze the deregulated proteins and potential pathways predicted to be disturbed in obese placentas, using sows with high backfat as a model of obese pregnancy. The sows were divided into two groups based on their backfat thickness: normal backfat (NBF, 17–22 mm; n = 30) and high backfat (HBF, ≥23 mm; n = 30) as the maternal obesity group. The placental tissues used for the proteomic and biochemical analyses were obtained through vaginal delivery, and the maternal blood samples used to determine the metabolic parameters were collected at day 107 of pregnancy. Our study demonstrated that HBF sows had significantly decreased placental efficiency, increased plasma-free fatty acids and triglyceride levels, and increased proinflammatory cytokines plasma levels (p < 0.05). HBF placentas had significantly higher malondialdehyde level, lower total antioxidant capacity and antioxidase activity, increased triglyceride content and enhanced proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents (p < 0.05). Among the 4652 proteins identified using the proteomic method, 343 were quantified as differentially abundant proteins, which were involved in many vital biological processes. Based on our bioinformatic and placental biochemical analyses, we concluded that maternal obesity is associated with abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased steroid hormone biosynthesis, and increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the placenta. The results of this study are undoubtedly valuable to other researchers.

scholarly journals Quality of Dabai Pulp Oil Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Supplementation in Hypercholesterolemic Rat—A New Alternative Fat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Noor Atiqah Aizan Abdul Kadir ◽  
Azrina Azlan ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Dabai pulp oil (DPO) is new oil extracted from the pulp of Canarium odontophyllum. The quality and efficacy of DPO are needed to promote its potential as a new alternative fat. Therefore, we investigate the quality of DPO, which includes moisture and volatile content (MVC), free fatty acid content (FFA), iodine value (IV), and peroxide value (PV). Furthermore, we evaluate the efficacy of DPO against hypercholesterolemia elicited by a high-cholesterol diet in rats. The MVC of DPO was <0.001 ± 0.00%. Next, the FFA in DPO was 2.57 ± 0.03%, and the IV of DPO was 53.74 ± 0.08 g iodine/100 g oil. Meanwhile, the PV of DPO was 4.97 ± 0.00 mEq/kg. Supplementation of DPO in hypercholesterolemic rats for 30 days revealed the hypocholesterolemic effect (significant reduction of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) accompanied by a significant reduction of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and lipid peroxidation (MDA). We also observed a significant improvement of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and antioxidant capacities (total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) of the rats. The results on the quality and efficacy of locally made DPO suggest its potential use as a healthy alternative fat in the future.

scholarly journals Assessment of oxidative stress in saliva of children with dental erosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Shitsuka ◽  
Flávia Kazue Ibuki ◽  
Fernando Neves Nogueira ◽  
Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Marcelo Bönecker
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Saliva Flow

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate oxidative stress in saliva of children with dental erosion as compared to children with no erosion. Methods One single examiner, trained and prepared to make diagnosis of dental erosion according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination index, selected 40 children aged 4 to 6 years, who attended a pediatric dentistry prevention clinic. Two groups were formed - one comprising children with dental erosion (n=22), and another with no dental erosion (n=18). The quantity of dental biofilm was verified using the Simplified Index of Oral Hygiene, and unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analyses. The following were assessed in saliva: flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and total protein concentration. Malondialdehyde levels were also verified to determine oxidative stress and total antioxidant status. Results The quantity of biofilm was smaller in children with mean dental erosion±standard deviation (0.76±0.25), as compared to those with no dental erosion (1.18±0.28). There was no statistical difference in saliva parameters of oxidative stress in children with dental erosion. Conclusion The activity of oxidative stress in saliva did not influence dental erosion process when in its early stages.

scholarly journals Maternal blood pressure mediates the association between maternal obesity and infant weight gain in early postpartum

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige K. Berger ◽  
Jasmine F. Plows ◽  
Roshonda B. Jones ◽  
Norman K. Pollock ◽  
Tanya L. Alderete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Infant Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Blood Pressure

Biological activity of Echinops spinosus on inhibition of paracetamol-induced renal inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa G.A. Hegazy ◽  
Manal A. Emam ◽  
Hemmat I. Khattab ◽  
Nesma M. Helal
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression

This study was designed to evaluate the possible mechanisms through which Echinops spinosus (ES) extract demonstrates nephroprotective effect on the paracetamol acetominophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups (six rats each). The placebo group was orally administered sterile saline, the APAP group received APAP (200 mg·kg–1·day–1 i.p.) daily, the ES group was given ES extract orally (250 mg/kg), and the APAP + ES group received APAP as for the APAP group and administrated the ES extract as for the ES group. Pretreatment of methyl alcohol extract of ES reduced the protein expression of inflammatory parameters including cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor κB in the kidney. It also reduced the mRNA gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. The ES extract compensated for deficits in the total antioxidant activity, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and amended the APAP-induced histopathological kidney alterations. Moreover, ES treatment restored the elevated levels of urea nitrogen in the blood and creatinine in the serum by APAP. The ES extract attenuated the APAP-induced elevations in renal nitric oxide levels. We clarified that the ES extract has the potential to defend the kidney from APAP-induced inflammation, and the protection mechanism might be through decreasing oxidative stress and regulating the inflammatory signaling pathway through modulating key signaling inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals Multiscale modelling of the feto–placental vasculature

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20140078 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Clark ◽  
M. Lin ◽  
M. Tawhai ◽  
R. Saghian ◽  
J. L. James
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Flow Heterogeneity ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Placental Efficiency ◽  
Placental Blood Flow

The placenta provides all the nutrients required for the fetus through pregnancy. It develops dynamically, and, to avoid rejection of the fetus, there is no mixing of fetal and maternal blood; rather, the branched placental villi ‘bathe’ in blood supplied from the uterine arteries. Within the villi, the feto–placental vasculature also develops a complex branching structure in order to maximize exchange between the placental and maternal circulations. To understand the development of the placenta, we must translate functional information across spatial scales including the interaction between macro- and micro-scale haemodynamics and account for the effects of a dynamically and rapidly changing structure through the time course of pregnancy. Here, we present steps towards an anatomically based and multiscale approach to modelling the feto–placental circulation. We assess the effect of the location of cord insertion on feto–placental blood flow resistance and flow heterogeneity and show that, although cord insertion does not appear to directly influence feto–placental resistance, the heterogeneity of flow in the placenta is predicted to increase from a 19.4% coefficient of variation with central cord insertion to 23.3% when the cord is inserted 2 cm from the edge of the placenta. Model geometries with spheroidal and ellipsoidal shapes, but the same volume, showed no significant differences in flow resistance or heterogeneity, implying that normal asymmetry in shape does not affect placental efficiency. However, the size and number of small capillary vessels is predicted to have a large effect on feto–placental resistance and flow heterogeneity. Using this new model as an example, we highlight the importance of taking an integrated multi-disciplinary and multiscale approach to understand development of the placenta.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the therapeutic potential of octreotide versus trimetazidine and their combination on acute pancreatitis in male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective Acute pancreatitis continues to be associated with significant rates of mortality and morbidity, and therapeutic options are stillvery limited. Various theories have been suggested regarding the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, lot of research into differentmedical treatments for the treatment of acute pancreatitis, but it is not clear what benefits each treatment has, or indeed if any medicaltreatment is beneficial apart from supportive treatment.Aim To clarify the potential therapeutic effect of octreotide, trimetazidine, and their combination in acute pancreatitis.Methods Acute pancreatitis was induced by L-arginine and treated with octreotide subcutaneously, trimetazidine intraperitoneally andcombination therapy by octreotide and trimetazidine. The rats were followed for 24 h. At the 24th hour we determined serum levels oftumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipase, and amylase, and the pancreatic tissues wereanalyzed histopathologically.Results TNF-α (P < 0.001), IL-1β (P < 0.001), TAC (P < 0.001), lipase (P < 0.001), and amylase (P < 0.001) serum levels and scores ofhistopathological changes (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in combination group as compared with both octreotide and trimetazidinegroups.Conclusion Combination treatment markedly decreases biochemical and histopathological changes in acute pancreatitis, thus amelioratepancreatic injury in l-arginine induced acute pancreatitis.

scholarly journals Co-Exposure to Toluene and Noise Made Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects on Some Neurotoxic Parameters in New Zealand White Rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Amirreza Abouee-Mehrizi ◽  
◽  
Yahya Rasoulzadeh ◽  
Ahmad Mehdipour ◽  
Nafiseh Nasirzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Numerous physical and chemical agents can induce destructive effects on the brain tissue. Noise and toluene, which are some of these harmful agents, have significant adverse effects on the brain tissue. This work aims to investigate the neurotoxic changes induced by co-exposure to toluene and noise. Methods: Totally, 24 male white New Zealand rabbits were randomly segregated into 4 groups including toluene exposure, noise exposure, co-exposure to noise and toluene, and control. This in-vivo study tested the neurotoxic effects of exposure to 1000 ppm toluene and 100 dB noise during two weeks (8 h/day). The serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-α (BDNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase levels in the brain tissue were measured. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin staining was utilized for brain pathological analysis. Results: Exposure to noise increased TAC level in the cerebral cortex. Co- exposure to toluene and noise increased the serum level of BDNF-α. Nevertheless, exposure to noise decreased the level of BDNF-α in serum. On the other hand, hispathological examinations using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) exhibited that different signs of inflammation such as lymphocyte infiltration, pyknosis, vacuolization, and chromatolysis were induced by exposure to noise and toluene in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and frontal section in the brain tissue. In addition, simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise induced antagonistic and synergistic changes on some neurotoxic parameters. Conclusion: Exposure to noise and toluene, which caused inflammation in the brain tissue cells, could be a noticeable risk factor for neurological system.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LYCOPENE IN AMELIORATION OF TESTICULAR AND RENAL TOXICITY INDUCED BY BOLDENONE UNDECYLENATE IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar S Ibrahim ◽  
Alshaimaa M Said
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the relative ameliorating efficacy of lycopene against the deleterious effects of boldenone, an androgenic steroid, on the rat testis and kidney.  Materials and Methods: 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group received intramuscular (i.m) injection of olive oil once a week; lycopene (Lc) group received lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily); boldenone (Bol) group received (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week); Bol + Lc group received boldenone (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week) and lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily) all for four weeks. Results: intramuscular injection of boldenone significantly induced lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation as well as inhibited total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity in testis and kidney tissue. Additionally, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression after Bol injection along with marked increase in serum inflammatory cytokines and decrease in serum testosterone. These alterations were confirmed by the histopathological examination of testis and kidney. On the other hand, lycopene oral administration attenuated the testicular and renal injuries induced by boldenone injection. Conclusion: administration of antioxidants as lycopene effectively ameliorated the adverse effects of boldenone on testis and kidney tissues. Key words: Boldenone undecylenate, lycopene, DNA fragmentation, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, apoptosis.

scholarly journals Determination of total antioxidant status (TAS) as a biochemical parameter in control of workers' health

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Jozanov-Stankov ◽  
Jovanka Djuric ◽  
Branislava Dobutovic ◽  
Esma Isenovic
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Regular Control ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Despite its importance for human health, the capacity of the antioxidative defense system (AOS) is still not included among regular biochemical analyses. In this study, we estimated the blood plasma level of the total antioxidant status (TAS) as an appropriate parameter for AOS monitoring with the aim of including it among other biochemical parameters in the regular control of health of the working population. We have applied a method developed by Randox Laboratories (England) that can be routinely performed on automatic chemical analyzers. The TAS level, in correlation with corresponding biochemical parameters, could contribute to better evaluation of the health of individuals and the working population.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Portulaca oleracea in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Abasalt Borji ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea against hyperglycemic, oxidative damage and inflammation in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, the rats were divided into the following groups of 8 animals each: control, untreated diabetic, 3 Portulaca oleracea (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/d)–treated diabetic groups. At the end of the 4-week period, glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured. STZ caused an elevation in the serum levels of glucose, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α with reduction in the levels of GSH and TAS ( P < .01). Portulaca oleracea ameliorated glucose, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, GSH, and TAS levels in diabetic groups versus to the untreated groups ( P < .05). Taken together, Portulaca oleracea prevented hyperglycemia by preventing the oxidative stress and inflammation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document