scholarly journals Impact of Year-Round Grazing by Horses on Pasture Nutrient Dynamics and the Correlation with Pasture Nutrient Content and Fecal Nutrient Composition

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ringmark ◽  
Skarin ◽  
Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
The Impact

Horse grazing may benefit biodiversity, but the impact of year-round grazing on nutrient dynamics has not been evaluated previously. This study compared pasture quality in a forest-grassland landscape grazed year-round by horses with that in exclosed mown areas. Twelve Gotlandsruss stallions were kept without supplementary feeding in three enclosures (~0.35 horse/ha) outside Uppsala, Sweden, from May 2014 to September 2016. Each enclosure contained three mown exclosures, where grass sward samples were collected monthly and analyzed for chemical composition and vegetation density. Fecal grab samples were collected and analyzed for crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) content. There were no differences in exclosure pasture energy or CP content between enclosures (p > 0.05). In grazed areas, there were differences in grass energy and CP content (p > 0.05) between enclosures. During the three summers studied, energy and CP content increased in the enclosures, but decreased in the exclosures. By the end, biomass content/ha was greater in the enclosures than in the exclosures. Fecal OM and CP content showed moderate to strong correlations with pasture nutrient content (r = 0.3–0.8, p < 0.05). Thus, in contrast to monthly mowing, horse grazing diversified pasture chemical composition and increased its nutritive value.

scholarly journals Ammonia Volatilization, Forage Accumulation, and Nutritive Value of Marandu Palisade Grass Pastures in Different N Sources and Doses

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa ◽  
Abmael da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Débora Siniscalchi ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
The Impact

The reduction in ammonia (NH3) losses from volatilization has significant implications in forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and four doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha−1) on N losses by NH3 volatilization, accumulation, and forage chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu. Two field experiments were conducted to measure NH3 losses using semi-open chambers. The forage accumulation and chemical composition were evaluated in the third experiment; the response variables included forage accumulation, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Compared to urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate reduced NH3 losses by 84% and 87% and increased total forage accumulation by 14% and 23%, respectively. Forage accumulation rate and CP increased linearly with the N levels, while NDF contents decreased linearly with the N levels. In both experiments, NH3 losses and forage characteristics were different according to the rainfall pattern and temperature variations. Our results indicate that the use of nitric and ammoniacal fertilizers and the application of fertilizer in the rainy season constitute an efficient fertilizer management strategy to increase forage yield and decrease losses from volatilization of NH3.

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotlarz ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) during primary growth in 2005

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Péter Kovács ◽  
János Lazányi ◽  
Géza Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Metabolizable Protein ◽  
Energy Maintenance

In this paper we analysed the change of the chemical composition and nutritive value of Timothy observed during the spring of 2005. The nutritive value of Timothy was observed between the end of April and the beginning of June relating to the following parameters: crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, ash, N-free extract, net-energy growth, net-energy lactation, net-energy maintenance, Metabolizable Protein Energy dependent, Metabolizable Protein N-dependent. We also analysed whether a relationship between the environmental factors that affect thegrowing period of grasses and the chemical composition can be detected or not. While testing for correlation, the number of days from 1st January, the amount of heat accumulation, solar radiation and rainfall were considered as independent coefficients.For the estimation of weather conditions we calculated the climate index. The observed year can be described as a year with a rainfall above the average and abundant solar radiation. A correlation can be detected between the change of parameters of nutritive value and the quality of the current year. In 2005 the result of the analysis of nutritive value was showed a significance difference with respect to each chemical composition at the rate of P<0.001 depending on the time when the samples were taken.According to the outlined data it can be stated that the change of the value of crude protein and ash show decreasing tendency agreeing the research literature. In parallel with the change of nutritive value, the amount of crude fibre and N-free extract increased. However, the value of Net-Energy maintenance showed an alteration only in the first half of the observed period. The same alteration tendency can be detected in the Net-Energy growth and the Net-Energy lactation. 

scholarly journals Some aspects of application of pesticides and fertilizers on nutritive value and other characteristics of crop plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nikolic ◽  
Hadi Waisi ◽  
Sanja Djurovic ◽  
Milos Dugalic ◽  
Vladan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
The Impact

We surveyed different aspects of the application of agrochemicals (pesticides and foliar non-standard fertilizers) on the nutritive value and other non-yield characteristics of crop plants. The survey was based on results of our own trials and studies conducted by other researchers. Various parameters of plant and seedling growth, and yield, were analyzed, as well as the chemical composition, and energetic and thermodynamic parameters of plants in order to better assess the impact of these agrochemicals on crops. The application of various agrochemicals has been found to affect the germination of seeds produced by treated plants. The most significant and most diverse results have been obtained by analyzing the yield and yield components of many different crops (field crops, fruits, vegetables), as well as their chemical composition (mineral elements, different sugars, secondary metabolites, etc.) in terms of improving their nutritive quality. It was found that in maize seedlings it occurs by changing the content of various elements, as well as polyphenol profiles and thermodynamic parameters, and the effects did not only depend on the dosage of agrochemicals but also on maize genotype. We also found that agrochemicals affected the energetic and thermodynamic parameters of individual maize plants, as well as the parameters of plant growth and yield. It was noticed that these agrochemicals greatly affected the content of microelements, starch and crude proteins in maize and barley, sugar and polyphenol contents in various fruit trees and soybean. We noted that in certain agroecological situations these agrochemicals have led to spectacular magnification of yields of different crops, but there were also situations when they did not have any positive effect on crop yield, which is discussed also in the context of results of other researchers.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of rhizoma perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) harvested for hay in the tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Efraín Cancel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics

The effect of harvest interval (HI), six-, nine-, and 12-wk, and season of growth (winter, spring, summer, and fall) on crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was studied with rhizoma perennial peanut (RPP) TARS line nos. 17033, 17050, 17052, and 17097 (PI nos. 276233, 262826, 262833, and 262839, respectively) and cv Florigraze and Arbrook at the Lajas Agricultural Experiment Substation. The same parameters were evaluated with PI nos. 276233, 262839, and cv Florigraze at the Juana Díaz Substation. The overall mean CP concentration for RPP, across HI and season of growth was 16.3 and 15.5% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In both trials, accession 17033 had the lowest (14.2%) and accession 17097 the highest (16.7%) CP values (P < 0.05). Harvest interval negatively influenced CP concentration (P < 0.01). An increase in HI from six to 12 weeks resulted in a reduction of CP from 17.3 to 15.5%, and from 16.5 to 13.7% in the Lajas and Juana Díaz studies, respectively. In the latter study the CP concentrations of forage harvested at six and nine weeks were similar. Differences in NDF among RPPs were significant (P < 0.05) in both trials. In both, accession 17033 had the highest (49.9%) and accession 17097 the lowest (48.1%) concentration. Increasing HI resulted in quadratic increases (P < 0.01) in NDF concentration. Results for the six-, nine- and 12-wk intervals were 47.8, 50.9, and 51.8% at Lajas and 45.8, 44.5, 52.0% at Juana Díaz, respectively. Season of growth did influence chemical composition of RPP; however, unlike the pattern observed in tropical grasses, the chemical composition of RPP was better in the seasons of greater forage yield (spring and summer). These results show the excellent potential for high nutritive value of RPP when grown in the Caribbean tropics. 

Research on Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Green Fodder Used in Ecological Production of Eggs for Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-687
Author(s):  
Gherasim Nacu ◽  
Maria Bologa ◽  
Cecilia Pop ◽  
Paul Corneliu Boisteanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Green Fodder

The aim of this paper is to study the chemical composition of a green fodder used in laying hens feeding raised in ecological system; organic fodder being an important condition to obtain organic eggs for consumption. In order to evaluate the chemical composition variations of the green fodder throughout the year, there were taken plants samples in three different vegetation stages (May, September and October). To each period, were done 5 determinations for the following indicators: dry matter - DM (%), ash - Ash (%), crude protein - CP (%), ether extract - EE (%), crude fiber -CF(%), nitrogen free extract - (NFE%) calcium � Ca(%), phosphorus - P(%), magnesium - Mg (%), natrium -Na(%). And also, were analyzed the relevant indexes for the organic production: lead -Pb (mg/kg DM), cadmium - Cd (mg/kg DM), cooper -Cu (mg/kg DM), zinc - Zn (mg/kg DM) nitrites (ppm), nitrates (ppm), pesticides. After analysis, it was noticed that dry matter, minerals, organic matter and protein content varied very significantly between the first period and the third (p �0.001), while the fat content, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract did not register significant differences (p �0.05). Regarding the minerals elements analyzed, P and Mg differed significantly distinctly between the first and the last analyzed period. The content of green fodder in Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn was below the limits allowed by current legislation. The analyses for pesticides have highlighted the lack of them in the fodder. The quality parameters of the analyzed green fodder, expressed through levels of pollutants such as heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, pesticides, allow us to notify that the green fodders achieve the conditions necessary for organic production.

The nutritive value of grasses grown in Uganda when fed to zebu cattle II. The relation between crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract and other nutrients

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bredon ◽  
K. W. Harker ◽  
B. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Wide Range

The correlation between chemical composition and nutritive value of grass fed to short-horn zebu steers in Uganda was investigated. The following regression equations were calculated from the experimental results and discussed in part I of this paper.Dig. coef. of C.P. = 100·89 log c.p. – 44·45;r = 0·9738, P < 0·001.(For use when fodders of wide range of proteins are compared.)Dig. coef. of c.p.= 5·14 c.p.;r – 0·9339, P < 0·001.(For quick calculation when only approximate figures are required.)Dig. coef. of c.p. = 9·588 + 4·284 c.p.;r = 0·9521, P < 0·001.To be used between 4·5 and 17% of crude protein.)% c.p. in grass eaten = 1·677 c.p.infaeces – 6·93; r = 0·958, P < 0·001.Dig. coef. of d.m. = 41·81 + 1·63 c.p.;r = 0·9362, P < 0·001.Dig. coef. of o.m.= 46·05 + 1·4152 c.p.;r = 0·8851, P < 0·001.The regression equations calculated from the experimental results in the present paper (part II) are as follows:Dig. coef. of d.m. = 150·88 – 1·179 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9634, P < 0·001.Dig. coef. of d.m. = 120·03 – 1·778 c.f.;r = 0·721, P < 0·01.Dig. coef. of o.m. = 142·50 – 1·045 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9320, P < 0·001.t.d.n.= 129·39 – 0·9419 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9288, P < 0·001.t.d.n. = 7·76 + 0·8192 dig. coef. of d.m.;r = 0·9886, P < 0·001.s.e. = 0·9367 dig. coef. of d.m. – 20·15;r = 0·9832, P < 0·001.s.e. = 120·80 – 1·104 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9468, P < 0·001.s.e. = 99·44 – 1·868 c.f.r = 0·7948, P < 0·01.

Effect of processing of palm oil petiole on palatability in Bali cows (Bos sondaecus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
M Afdal ◽  
S Syarif ◽  
A Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Palm oil petiole (POP) is a pruning by-product from palm oil plantations. POP is the stalk of the palm oil frond (POF) without the leaflets and the outer layer. By weight, it contributed about 30 percent of POF. POP was a possible alternative for POF in feeding Bali cows (Bos sondaecus) since Bali cows we observed to reject fresh POF. Central Bureau of Indonesian Statistics (2006) reported that the production of POF was around 10,869,365 t from around 3,682,900 ha of palm oil plantation in Indonesia which is equivalent to 3,260,810 t of POP. POF are successfully used as feed for Bos taurus and Bos indicus and there are a lot of studies being done, especially in Malaysia. Alimon and Hair Bejo (1995) reported that the chemical composition of POF is 47, 385, 787, 556 g kg-1 and 5.65 MJ kg-1 for crude protein (CP), crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and metabolisable energy respectively. However, there is no information on the nutritive value of POP and its palatability in Bali cows. The aims of this study were to evaluate the nutritive value of POP, and palatability of POP types by Bali cows when processed in several forms.

scholarly journals Effects of cutting height managements on yield and composition of different annual pastures

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielli dos Santos COMASSETO ◽  
Carine Rey RODRIGUES ◽  
Renata da Rosa DORNELLES ◽  
Eduardo Avelino FALEIRO ◽  
Augusto Gossmann PINTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Total Digestible Nutrient

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different pre-cutting and residual heights of Pearl millet, Sudangrass, and Sorghum pastures on yield, morphological and chemical composition. The experimental design was the randomized blocks, with four experimental units per treatment. It was evaluated three species of forage: 1) Pearl millet (MIL; Pennisetum americanum); 2) Sudangrass (SUD; Sorghum sudanense); and 3) Sorghum (SOR; Sorghum bicolor); and two cutting managements: I) 50:20 - cutting height at 50 cm and 20 cm residual height; and II) 85:10 - cutting height at 85 cm and 10 cm residual height. Managements of cutting height affected neither forage yield per cut nor total forage yield. Sudangrass had less cuts than MIL and SOR when submitted to the 50:20 management. The 85:10 management increased stem proportion and leaf to stem ratio, and reduced leaf proportion in comparison with the 50:20 management. The 50:20 management reduced forage contents of fiber and organic matter, and increased forage contents of crude protein and total digestible nutrient. Sorghum exhibited greater nutritive value due to increased leaf proportion. The 50:20 management increased number of cuts and improved nutritive value of forages, regardless of species evaluated in this study.

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