scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of the Costs Associated with Pre-Weaning Management Strategies for Dairy Heifers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hawkins ◽  
Kenneth Burdine ◽  
Donna Amaral-Phillips ◽  
Joao H.C. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Labor Utilization

Dairy calves are raised in various housing and feeding environments on dairy farms around North America. The objective of this study was to develop a simulation model to calculate the cost of raising replacement dairy heifers using different inputs that reflect different management decisions and evaluate their influence on the total cost. In this simulation, 84 calves were modeled between 0–2 months of age to reflect a 1000 heifer herd. The decisions associated with housing, liquid diet source and allowance, labor utilization, and health were calculated. Costs and biological responses were reflective of published surveys, literature, and market conditions. A 10,000-iteration economic simulation was used for each management scenario using @Risk and PrecisionTree add-ons (Palisade Corporation, Ithaca, NY, USA) to account for variation in pre-weaning mortality rate, weaning age, and disease prevalence. As milk allotment increased, total feed cost increased. Feeding calves a higher allowance of milk resulted in a lower cost per kg of gain. Average feed cost percentage of the total cost was 46% (min, max: 33%, 59%) while labor, and fixed and variable cost represented 33% (20%, 45%), 9% (2%, 12%), and 12% (10%, 14%), respectively. Total pre-weaning costs ranged from $258.56 to $582.98 per calf across all management scenarios and milk allotments.

Investment Analysis of Upland Oak Stands with Sugar Maple Understories: Management for Oak vs. Conversion to Sugar Maple in Iowa and Missouri

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Countryman ◽  
Helene R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
A Value ◽  
Faustmann Formula

Abstract A land and timber expectation value (LTEV) was developed by modifying the Faustmann formula (Le) to allow for overlapping rotations, easy sensitivity analysis, alternative management strategies with different rotation lengths, and a unique initial, existing timber stand. This LTEV establishes a value (i.e., price one can pay) for a parcel of land, existing timber thereon, and management scenario analyzed that will result in a rate of return equal to the selected discount rate. LTEV was then used to analyze management scenarios typical of Iowa and Missouri for oak shelterwood, oak clearcutting, oak underplanting, and conversion to sugar maple. In stands with medium and high initial stand values, which tend to occur on sites that produce higher yields of quality oaks, sugar maple has the largest LTEV if the oak stand is past economic maturity, because of higher carrying and silvicultural costs associated with the oak alternatives. In general, the preferred oak alternatives on these sites were clearcutting, then underplanting, and then shelterwood. In stands with low initial stand values, which tend to occur on poorer sites, where there are lower market prices or where there was poor past management, oak has larger LTEVs than sugar maple. In general, shelterwood was the most economical for oak, followed by clearcutting and then underplanting. If the existing oak stand can be entered before the stand reaches economic maturity, oak shelterwood and underplanting LTEVs can be larger than those for sugar maple, even on the better sites, because carrying costs are offset by stand value growth. When this occurs, the higher final stand value of oak causes it to rank higher than sugar maple. In making the final decision to favor oak or maple, other factors such as landowner values and objectives must also be considered. North. J. Appl. For. 6:165-169, December 1989.

scholarly journals PSI-20 Public perceptions of problematic equine industry sectors and management scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Kelly Melvin ◽  
Jennie L Ivey ◽  
Liesel G Schneider ◽  
Peter Krawczel
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
The Public ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
Horse Industry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Equine Industry

Abstract The equine industry is highly variable with many different sectors and management practices. To determine how the public views common management practices and discipline-specific areas of the equine industry, an online study was distributed via email and social media over a 6-week period to U.S. residents over the age of 18 (n = 1,372). Survey questions included demographics, industry connection, definition of welfare and equine classification. Respondents were asked to select the most concerning option from a series of management-related scenarios. The production livestock and equine industries were then segmented by species or discipline, respectively, and respondents were asked which sector was most problematic. To analyze the data, frequency tables (Proc FREQ) and multinomial logistic regression (Proc LOGISTIC) were used in SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) to test the factors associated with likelihood to select a given management scenario from each series (α=0.05). Respondents who were heavily connected to the industry were four times more likely than lightly connected individuals to select that a blanketed horse or unblanketed horse in 30°F weather with unlimited access to food and water equally presented no concern than to say that a blanketed or unblanketed horse in 30°F weather with unlimited access to food and water and were concerning (OR= 4.09; 95%CL: 2.08,8.04). Of the 1,244 respondents who answered, 563 (45%) said that the gaited horse industry is the most problematic equine industry compared to the racing industry (41%) and stock horse industry (8.7%). Understanding how the public perceives the various animal industries and management scenarios in relation to an individual’s connection to the industry, classification of equines and welfare definition is important to assess and improve educational intervention strategies.

Abstract TP300: Implementation of Stroke Pathways to Reduce Length of Stay, Cost, Readmissions, and Mortality

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Strauss ◽  
Andrew Waisbrot ◽  
Daniel D'Amour ◽  
Amy K Starosciak
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Clinical Pathways ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Iv Tpa ◽  
Order Set

Introduction: Acute stroke is a major contributor to healthcare costs. In 2012, estimated direct costs associated with stroke was $71B, which is projected to double to $184B by 2030. As healthcare evolves and reimbursements decrease, cost control in disease specific populations is critical. In November 2017, length of stay (LOS) peaked at 5.78 days, as did variable and total cost/case (Table). In fiscal year 2017 the 30-d readmission rate was 9% and the mortality rate was 12%. Compliance with stroke admission order sets was at 55%. Methods: A multidisciplinary committee was formed in February 2017 to develop standardized, evidence-based clinical pathways for three populations: Ischemic stroke (IS) treated with IV tPA, TIA/IS without IV tPA, and intracerebral hemorrhage. The team met biweekly to standardize clinical pathways, decrease time to follow-up imaging, focus on physician order set utilization, and control costs. A comprehensive education program for all clinical staff was completed; official implementation of the pathways was in November 2017. A stroke financials team meets monthly to continue to look at opportunities and transitions of care. We reviewed a retrospective financial report of all in-hospital cases coded as MS-DRG 61-69 from 12/2017 through 7/31/2019 and compared it the 11/2017 report. Results: A total of 83 cases were available for 12/2017 and 2192 for 1/2018 through 7/2019. There was a reduced LOS by 26% (4.34 days), reduced variable cost/case by 24% ($5,958), reduced total cost/case by 23% ($13,790), reduced the 30-d readmission rate to 6%, and reduced the mortality rate to 4%. Case mix index was 12% higher at 1.3272 (vs. 1.2055 previously). Order set compliance improved to 94% (Table). A total cost saving dollar realization of $4.5 million. Discussion: Standardization of stroke clinical pathways led to improved order set compliance, almost 1/4 reduction in variable and total costs per case, shortened LOS, and reduced mortality and readmission rates.

B. ANALISA KELAYAKAN BISNIS PADA UMKM (Study Kasus Pada Usaha Tempe Murni Ita)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Agus Jonikar Ndraha ◽  
Avan Joko Prasetyawan ◽  
Ida Kurnia Wati ◽  
Ilmia Cahyasari ◽  
Nafa Alya Shintya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Gross Income

Abstrak Tahun demi tahun, persaingan bisnis tempe di wilayah Surabaya kian ketat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah studi untuk mengkaji kelayakan bisnis tersebut. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah Sebagai acuan untuk mengetahui semua biaya produksi, pendapatan kotor dan pendapatan bersih usaha tempe serta kelayakan usaha tempe di Surabaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah Sukomanunggal dengan menggunakan metode surve. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Rata-rata biaya total sebesar Rp 2.144.590 yang dihasilkan dari penjumlahan biaya tetap rata-rata sebesar Rp 160.590 dengan biaya variabel rata-rata sebesar Rp 1.984.000. Laba bersih rata-rata sekitar Rp 955.410 dari pendapatan rata-rata sebesar Rp 3.100.000 dikurangi dengan semua pengeluaran Rp 2.144.590. Analisis kewajaran usaha adalah dengan menyusun pendapatan dan pengeluaran secara keseluruhan. Rata-rata semua pendapatan Rp 3.100.000 dan semua pengeluaran rata-rata sebesar Rp 2.144.590. Dengan rasio 1,45 usaha tempe murni ITA layak untuk dijalankan.  Kata Kunci : Biaya produksi, Pendapatan kotor, Pendapatan bersih, Kelayakan usaha   Abstract From year to year, Tempe business competition in the Surabaya area is getting tougher. Therefore a study is needed to study the feasibility of the business. The purpose of this paper is as a reference to find out all the production costs, gross income, and net income of tempe businesses and the feasibility of tempe businesses in Surabaya. The study was carried out in the Sukomanunggal area using a survey method. The results showed that: The average total cost of Rp 2,144,590 resulted from the sum of the average fixed costs of Rp 160,590 with an average variable cost of Rp 1,984,000. Net profit averaged around Rp. 955,410 from an average income of Rp. 3,100,000 minus all expenses of Rp. 2,144,590. The reasonableness of business analysis is to compile overall income and expenditure. The average income of all Rp 3,100,000 and all expenses averaged Rp 2,144,590. With a ratio of 1.45, pure ITA tempe business is feasible to run.  Keywords : Production costs, Gross income, Net income, Business feasibility

scholarly journals Economics analysis of Seed Yam production in Aeroponic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pinamang Acheampong ◽  
Marian Dorcas Quain ◽  
David Appiah-Kubi ◽  
Jonas Osei-Adu ◽  
Stella Ama Ennin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Using Data

The supply of seed yams for intensive yam production is hindered by many constraints, including diseases and pest infestations as well as the unavailability of quality planting material. The combination of tissue culture and aeroponics system is perceived to be the way towards clean and adequate supply of seed yam for enhanced yam production. However, the system is considered as expensive for any individual to implement. In order to encourage private sector to participate in this venture, the economic analysis determining the feasibility and viability of using aeroponics in seed yam production was performed. Using data from established tissue culture and aeroponics system in Ghana, the fixed cost and variable cost parameters as well as production costs were obtained. Results revealed that total cost of building aeroponics structure amounted to GH₵ 94,178.00 (USD 17,938.70). Annual cost of aeroponics structure was GH₵ 9,417.82 (USD 1,793.87). Annual total cost of production totalled GH₵ 204,391.75 (USD 38,931.61). Annual net revenue was GH₵ 75,888.00 (USD 14,454.86). Payback period was 15 months and benefit cost ratio was 1.4. Aeroponics system for seed yam production is therefore profitable since short period would be needed to recoup investment. For food security and creation of workplaces, government could partner with the private sector in the establishment of aeroponics systems to increase yam production and export.

scholarly journals Partizipative Erarbeitung von Bewirtschaftungsszenarien für den Tessiner Kastaniengürtel

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Francesca Cellina ◽  
Luca Pampuri ◽  
Marco Conedera ◽  
Davide Bettelini ◽  
Rudy Genazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Forest Planning ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Current Guidelines

Participatory design of management scenarios for the Ticino chestnut belt Current guidelines for forest management ask for multi-functional management schemes, allowing a balance between different forest functions, such as production, protection, recreation and ecology. This requires adoption of multi-criteria processes for forest planning. In such a framework, involving stakeholders from the very beginning of the process might be an additional benefit: it would allow to identify possible broadly accepted forest management strategies, thus facilitating their implementation. In this paper, we present the methodologies and tools we developed between 2013 and 2016, in a process aimed at designing and assessing management scenarios for the chestnut belt forests in the Canton of Ticino (Switzerland). Structured and transparent comparison among the scenarios allowed around twenty representatives of cantonal offices and interest groups to make rational and informed choices, leading to the identification of two low-conflict, compromise management scenarios to be implemented in the near future.

scholarly journals Comparative Profitability and Impact of BINA Developed Aman Mutant Rice Binadhan-7 with Non-Mutant Variety in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
M. H. Rahman ◽  
R. Sultana ◽  
M. M. A. Sarkar ◽  
S. Islam ◽  
M. A. K. Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Price ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Cost Of Production

This papar examined the cost and revenue as well as impact of mutant rice on fourteen region of Bangladesh namely Mymensingh, Jashore, Cumilla, Bogura, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Dhaka, Khulna, Chattagram, Rangamati, Barishal and Faridpur. A total of 560 farmers were randomly selected to fulfill the objectives where 280 farmers were mutant growers and 280 were non- mutant growers. A pre-designed interview schedule was used to collect the necessary data. Descriptive statistics, profit function and livelihood assets were used to analyzed the collected data. The study revealed that total variable cost of rice cultivation was BDT.40589 and BDT.43927 per hectare for mutant and non mutant, respectively which was around 71 percent of total cost of production. On an average, the total cost of production was BDT.59584 per hectare, where 29 percent was fixed costs and 71 percent was variable cost. For Binadhan-7 cultivation per hectare average net return was found highest in Dinajpur region i.e. BDT.70919 and the lowest in Jashore region i.e. BDT.33703. BCR on total cost basis was found 1.90 which was the highest in Sylhet 2.56 and the lowest 1.51 in Jashore region for Binadhan-7 production. In case of non-growers BCR on total cost basis was found 1.43 which was lower than Binadhan-7 production in the study areas indicating Binadhan-7 growers earn much than the non growers. The asset pentagon approach showed that there is a noteworthy increases in capitals of sampled farm households and the highest for financial capital that was 20.05 percent and the lowest was for natural capital i. e., 5.38 percent. Among the list of preferences, the highest was 88.93 percent for short duration and it was ranked I, the lowest was high yielding i.e. 81.43 percent which was ranked as V. Among the constraints, the highest constraint reported by the farmer was labour crisis as well as high price of labour i.e. 80.71 percent and it was ranked I and the lowest ranked V was lack of quality seed at proper time i.e. 48.93 percent in Binadhan-7 cultivation. Finally it is remarked that short duration high yielding variety Binadhan-7 plays a vital role in the monga mitigation of the northern areas of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Integrating local social-ecological knowledge to prioritise invasive species management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Cáceres-Escobar ◽  
Katrina J Davis ◽  
Scott C Atkinson ◽  
Hugh P Possingham ◽  
Salit Kark
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Invasive Species Management ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Species Management

There is a lot of uncertainty about how we pick the best invasive species management strategies to improve the environment, local economy, and human well-being, as invasive species management involves complex and multidimensional challenges. Invasive species management on inhabited islands is especially challenging, often due to perceived socio-political risks and unexpected technical difficulties. Failing to incorporate local knowledge and local perspectives in the early stages of planning can compromise the ability of decision-makers to achieve long-lasting conservation outcomes. Hence, including local knowledge and accounting for subjective stakeholder perceptions is essential for invasive species management, yet this often remains unaddressed. To address this gap, we present an application of invasive species management based on structured decision-making, and the resource allocation tool INFFER, on Minjerribah-North Stradbroke Island (Australia). We assessed the cost-effectiveness of six management scenarios, co-developed with local land managers and community groups, aimed at preserving the environmental and cultural significance of the island by eradicating European red foxes and feral cats. We further conducted a survey eliciting local stakeholders’ perspectives regarding the significance of the Island, their perception of the benefits of the proposed management scenarios, funding requirements, technical feasibility of implementation, and socio-political risk. We found that the best decisions when the budget is low are less cost-effective than when the budget is high. The best strategy focusses on control of European red fox on Minjerribah. However, our results also highlight the need for more research on feral cat management. This work demonstrates how to use a structured decision support tool, like INFFER, to assess contesting management strategies, this is particularly important when stakeholders’ perceptions regarding management outcomes are heterogeneous and uncertain.

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