scholarly journals The Effects of Partially or Completely Substituted Dietary Zinc Sulfate by Lower Levels of Zinc Methionine on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Immune Function, and Visceral Indices in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhuai Xie ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Lixue Wang ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Zinc Methionine

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with a lower level of zinc methionine (ZnMet) on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum metabolites and immune functions of weaned piglets. Thirty-five weaned Duroc × Landrace × Large White male piglets (10.69 ± 0.26 kg) were randomly allotted to five diets. The control diet was supplemented with 100 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4, and experimental diets included 75 + 12.5, 50 + 25, 25 + 37.5, and 0 + 50 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively. The results showed that no differences were observed in growth performance, ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites among treatments, while serum white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, IgM contents and spleen index were higher (p < 0.01) in piglets fed with 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn. Zinc digestibility (p < 0.05), IgA content (p < 0.001) and thymus index (p < 0.05) were increased when at least 50% of ZnSO4 was replaced by ZnMet. All the results indicated that using a lower level of ZnMet in weaned piglet’s diet instead of ZnSO4 had no adverse impacts on ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites; and a 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn (from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively) diet showed the best advantages for parameters relating to immune functions.

Effect of pharmacological intakes of zinc and copper on growth performance, circulating cytokines and gut microbiota of newly weaned piglets challenged with coliform lipopolysaccharides

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Namkung ◽  
J. Gong ◽  
H. Yu ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

The effect of feeding pharmacological levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) to newly weaned piglets on growth performance, circulating cytokines levels and gut microbiota was investigated. One hundred eighty piglets [5.90 ± 0.18 kg body weight (BW); six pigs per pen] weaned at 16 to 19 d of age were fed diets containing 3000 ppm additional Zn, 250 ppm additional Cu or a control diet (150 ppm Zn, 15 ppm Cu) for 14 d post-weaning (weeks 1 and 2). Pigs were fed a control diet for an additional 2 wk. Pigs were injected intramuscularly on days 13 and 19 with either 75 μg kg-1 BW of coliform lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an equivalent amount of saline. Blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS injection to measure plasma levels of cytokines and cortisol. Digesta of ileum and colon were collected from non-challenged pigs on days 14 and 28 to evaluate microbiota using conventional culturing methods and polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCRDGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. There were no interactive effects of diet and LPS challenge on growth performance (P > 0.10). Compared with the control, high dietary Zn and Cu increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 1 (0.125, 0.091 vs. 0.074 kg; P < 0.05) and 2 (0.240, 0.270 vs. 0.155 kg; P < 0.01) only. LPS injection reduced ADG during weeks 2 and 4 (P < 0.01). Dietary treatment did not affect feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Challenging pigs with LPS reduced (P < 0.01) feed efficiency during week 2, but increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency during week 3. There were no interactive effects between diet and LPS on plasma cytokines levels, except for cortisol (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α) and cortisol increased (P < 0.01) in pigs challenged with LPS. The high levels of dietary Zn and Cu reduced (P < 0.05) the increases in plasma cortisol level in LPS-challenged pigs at days 9 and 19. There were no differences among the dietary treatments in counts of coliforms and lactobacillus in the digesta from ileum and colon (P > 0.10). PCR-DGGE analysis showed that high levels of dietary Zn and particularly Cu significantly reduced the diversity of ileal microbiota. The effect on microbiota diversity was reversible when dietary Zn and Cu were removed. Enhanced growth performance of the newly weaned piglets fed high dietary Zn and Cu appears mediated via changes in gut microbiota as well as a reduced cortisol response following an immune challenge. Key words: Piglets, zinc, copper, lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota, cytokines

scholarly journals Black soldier fly larval meal in feed enhances growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality of finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
S.Y. Chia ◽  
C.M. Tanga ◽  
I.M. Osuga ◽  
A.O. Alaru ◽  
D.M. Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Pig Feed

Using black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae as a novel protein source substituting fishmeal (FM) in animal feeds is globally gaining momentum. BSF can be reared on agro-industrial residues. However, incorporating BSF larval meal (BSFLM) into finisher pig diets has received inadequate attention. This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary FM with BSFLM on growth, carcass traits and meat quality of finisher pigs. A control diet (including FM: 0% BSFLM) was compared with four dietary levels of replacement of FM with BSFLM at 25, 50, 75 or 100%. Forty hybrid pigs (crossbreeds of purebred Large White and Landrace) were randomly allocated to the five different dietary treatments. Feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. After 98 days of feeding, all pigs were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass and nutritional content of the organ and muscle tissues. Diet significantly affected pig growth performance. Carcass weight of pigs fed diets with BSFLM replacing FM by 50, 75 or 100% (w/w) was higher than for pigs fed control diet with 100% FM as protein source. Crude protein content of pork tissues was high (65-93% on dry-matter basis) across all dietary groups. Therefore, BSFLM can replace FM in pig feed. This is relevant for commercial pig feed production and provides for the first time a nutritional analysis of pork derived from pigs raised on BSFLM.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PERIOD OF BOILING FULL-FAT SOYA BEANS ON ITS AMINO ACID PROFILE AND ON PERFORMANCE OF PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
T. F. BALOGUN ◽  
F. G. KAANKUKA ◽  
G. S. BAWA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Amino acid analysis and 2 growth studies were carried out to determine the effect of period of boiling of full-fat soyabeans on their nutritive value for weanling and growing pigs. Soyabeans were boiled in water for 15, 20, 25 or 30 minutes in Experiment 1 and 25, 30, 35 or 40 minutes in Experiment 2. Forty cross-bred (Large White x Hampshire) pigs were used in each of the experiments. Period of boiling had no effect on amino acid analysis of full-fat soyabeans. Weanling pigs had the best growth performance when soyabeans were boiled for 30 minutes ad this was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the soyabean meal control diet. Period of boiling of full-fat soyabeans did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the performance of the heavier pigs, although improvfement was observed up to 30 minutes of boiling.

Choline and Bile Acids Mixture Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity via Altering Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Metabolites in the Colon of Weaned Piglets.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqin Qiu ◽  
Kebiao Li ◽  
Shilong Liu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Kaiguo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background: Choline or bile acids has many beneficial roles in physiological function. However, little was known about growth performance, intestinal mucosal function and microbiota-host interactions of weaned piglets in response to choline or bile acids supplementation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of choline and bile acids mixtures (ChB) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier function, gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites of weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty-eight crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned piglets (initial body weight: approximately 8 kg; 21 d of age) were randomly allocated to four different dietary treatments(a control diet (Control) and the other three groups were control diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg choline chloride (choline), 500 mg/kg bile acids (bile acids) or 800 mg/kg choline chloride plus 500 mg/kg bile acids (ChB), respectively) and for 28-d feeding trail. Results: ChB significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and reduced feed/gain (F/G) ratio, associated with elevation of lipase activity and total bile acids level in ileal digesta compared with control diet. Additionally, ChB altered colonic microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium , and decreasing the relative abundances of unidentified-Clostridiales , Parabacteroides and Unidentified-Ruminococcaceae , when compared with control diet. Meanwhile, ChB increased the butyrate level and decreased the production of bile acid profiles in the colonic digesta. Besides, feeding ChB improved gut immunity, as reflected by increasing the abundance of IL-10 , FXR and mucin2 transcript, while downregulated expression of TLR4 , MyD88 , NF-κBp65 and TNF-α genes in the intestinal mucosa. Quantitative proteomics of jejunal mucosa further showed that ChB regulated the proteins that were related to inflammatory response. Furthermore, the changes in the ADG and genes expression were associated with alteration of gut microbiota composition and their metabolites. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings demonstrated that choline and bile acids mixture may improve the growth performance and intestinal immune response of weaned piglets through alteration of gut microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites, which promoted gut health.

scholarly journals Effects of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Fecal Microflora of Weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Shengzhang Shui ◽  
Mingjie Chai ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yingyu Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Fecal Microflora ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) leaf is rich in alkaloids and flavonoids, which has high medicinal and feeding value. We aimed to analyze the effects of B. papyrifera leaf extract on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and fecal microflora of weaned piglets. Thirty healthy, 28-day-old piglets were randomly assigned to three groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0, 150, and 300 g/t B. papyrifera leaf extract for 42 days (control group, group I, and group II) separately. The result revealed that the final weight of piglets in group II was higher than the other groups, and the diarrhea rate in this group was 62.9% lower than in the control group. The feed conversion ratio in group I was significantly lower than the other two groups. Higher blood urine nitrogen concentration was noted in group II, higher glutathione peroxidase and catalase in group II, higher superoxide dismutase in the control group, and higher immune globulins (Ig) IgG, IgA, and IgM in group II. There was no significant difference in community richness and community diversity among the three groups of fecal samples. The relative level of Roseburia was higher in groups I and II, while Lactobacillus was higher in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation with B. papyrifera leaf extract at a certain dosage can increase growth performance and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets, reduce the occurrence of diarrhea, enhance immune functions and disease resistance, and affect the composition of fecal microflora.

scholarly journals Feed Access Effects on Serum Metabolites of Hybrid Large White Male Turkeys

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1348-1351
Author(s):  
J.J. CASON ◽  
R.G. TEETER
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1693
Author(s):  
Matteo Dell’Anno ◽  
Serena Reggi ◽  
Valentina Caprarulo ◽  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Individual Body

The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin for 28 days. Individual body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea incidence was recorded by a faecal scoring scale (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets/pen for microbiological and chemical analyses of faecal microbiota, which were then assessed by V3-V4 region amplification sequencing. At 28 days, blood from two piglets/pen was sampled to evaluate the serum metabolic profile. After 28 days, a reduction in diarrhoea incidence was observed in the MIX compared to CTRL group (p < 0.05). In addition, compared to CTRL, MIX showed a higher lactobacilli:coliform ratio and increased Prevotella and Fibrobacter genera presence (p < 0.01). The serum metabolic profile showed a decreased level of low-density lipoproteins in the treated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of tannin extract, leonardite and tributyrin could decrease diarrhoea incidence and modulate the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Effect of Hermetia Illucens Larvae on Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets and Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia Coli K88

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Jin ◽  
Boyu Yuan ◽  
Mingming Liu ◽  
Mingqiang Zhu ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Junction Protein

Abstract Background：A high-quality protein substitute, Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly) larvae powder is rich in protein, fat, amino acid, calcium, and other substances. Due to the relatively few studies on the feeding of weaned piglets, in the present study, we replaced part or all of the fish meal with a relevant proportion of Hermetia illucens larvae powder in the feed to study its effect on weaned piglets. A total of forty-eight young female weaned piglets (Duroc ´ Landrace ´ Large White) with initial body weights (BW) 7.68 ± 0.26 kg, were randomly divided into three groups, each group had eight replicates, two pigs per replicate. Three groups containing different proportions of Hermetia illucens larvae powder (0, 4%, and 8%) were referred to as C, HI4, and HI8. We designed a 28-day feeding experiment, collecting blood and feces, thereafter inducing the piglets with oral gavage of ETEC K88 and recording diarrhea on day 29 of the experiment. Four piglets in each group were selected to collect serum, colon contents, intestinal tissue, and jejunum, ileum, colon mucosa samples.Results：The growth performance of weaned piglets remained unaffected on supplementing feed with Hermetia illucens. Compared with C+K88 group, the diarrhea rate was found to be attenuated for the Hermetia illucens supplemented group. Severe damage was evident in the case of the ileum villi of the C+K88 group, whereas improved integrity was demonstrated by the ileum villi of the HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups. Significantly increased expressions of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05) and the tight junction proteins Occludin and Claudin-3 (P < 0.05) and reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α (P < 0.05) were reflected in the HI4+K88 and HI8+K88 groups as compared to the C+K88 group. The activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD (P < 0.05) also revealed an effective increase in the Hermetia illucens supplemented groups than the control. The results of immunoblotting also validated that the same ETEC K88 treatment of weaned piglets enhanced the expression of tight junction protein in the intestinal mucosa of the Hermetia illucens addition group (P < 0.05) and the integrity of the intestinal barrier was also better maintained. The experimental results affirmed that Hermetia illucens larvae powder could partially or completely replace fish meal, increase the content of Lactobacillus, reduce the content of Streptococcus, improve the body’s disease resistance, and improve intestinal health.Conclusions：ETEC-induced diarrhea will be reduced by the diet of weaned piglets containing Hermetia illucens larvae, ameliorating the immune performance of pigs. The present research provides a new perspective for insect meal as a sustainable protein source for pig feed.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage as an Alternative to Antibiotics Promotes Growth Performance by Regulating Intestinal Inflammation, Intestinal Barrier Function and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongdi Zeng ◽  
Zirui Wang ◽  
Tiande Zou ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Guanhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary bacteriophage supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diet. A total of 120 weaned piglets were allotted to four dietary treatments with five pens/treatment and six piglets/pen in a 21-d feeding trial. The control diet was supplemented with 25 mg/kg quinocetone and 11.25 mg/kg aureomycin in the basal diet, while the three treatment diets were supplemented with 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg bacteriophage in the basal diet, respectively. There was no difference for growth performance and all measured indices of serum and intestinal tissues between 200 mg/kg bacteriophage group and the control group with antibiotics (P &gt; 0.05). More importantly, compared with the control diet, dietary 400 mg/kg bacteriophage inclusion increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake, and decreased feed/gain ratio and diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets (P &lt; 0.05). Also, piglets fed 400 mg/kg bacteriophage had elevated villi height (VH) in jejunum and ileum, reduced crypt depth (CD) in jejunum and ileum, and elevated VH/CD ratio in duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the control group, piglets fed 400 mg/kg bacteriophage had lower interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and higher interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration in serum, and higher secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), and tumor growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) content in the ileal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05). Besides, dietary addition with 400 mg/kg bacteriophage decreased the D-lactate concentration and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in serum, and increased the relative mRNA expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, as well as the relative protein expression of Occludin in the jejunum (P &lt; 0.05). However, the growth performance and all analyzed parameters in serum and intestinal tissues were not further improved when piglets fed 600 vs. 400 mg/kg bacteriophage (P &gt; 0.05). MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that bacteriophage regulated the microbial composition in caecum digesta, as indicated by higher observed_species, Chao1, and ACE richness indices, as well as changes in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes (P &lt; 0.05). Collectively, 400 mg/kg bacteriophage can be used as an antibiotics alternative for promoting the growth of weaned piglets. The underlying mechanism is associated with a positive effect of bacteriophage on intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

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