scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate-to-Protein Ratio on Gut Microbiota in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Villasante ◽  
Carolina Ramírez ◽  
Natalia Catalán ◽  
Rafael Opazo ◽  
Patricio Dantagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a carnivorous fish species whose productive performance tends to be suboptimal when fed low-cost carbohydrate rich meals. It is of interest to study the dynamics of gut microbiota communities in salmonids fed high carbohydrate diets since gut microbes are referred to as key players that influence the metabolism and physiology of the host. A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding a high carbohydrate diet to Atlantic salmon in gut microbiota communities. A medium carbohydrate (15% wheat starch)/medium protein (MC/MP) diet or a high carbohydrate (30% wheat starch)/low protein (HC/LP) diet was fed to triplicate tanks (28 fish each) during four weeks. We conducted an in-depth characterization of the distal intestine digesta microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the major phyla determined in either experimental group. Phylum Planctomycetes, class Planctomycetia, order Planctomycetales and genus Lactococcus were significantly more abundant in fish fed the HC/LP diet compared with fish fed the MC/MP diet. Our study suggests feeding a carbohydrate rich meal to salmon exerts a low impact on the structure of gut microbial communities, affecting mostly low-abundance bacteria capable of metabolizing anaerobically carbohydrates as a major energy-yielding substrate.

scholarly journals Differential response of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota to dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in seawater phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Li ◽  
Leonardo Bruni ◽  
Alexander Jaramillo-Torres ◽  
Karina Gajardo ◽  
Trond M. Kortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

Abstract Background: Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. The present work aims to investigate the differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and how they may respond differently to dietary perturbations. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing ~15% black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae meal. The digesta- and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and unclassified Spirochaetaceae , associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Conclusions: Our data show that salmon intestinal digesta and mucosa harbor microbial communities with clear differences. Mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota seems more resilient to variations in the diet composition than digesta-associated intestinal microbiota. To fully unveil the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes, concurrent profiling of digesta- and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota is recommended whenever feasible.

Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L., 1758) Gut Microbiota Profile Correlates with Flesh Pigmentation: Cause or Effect?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan D. H. Nguyen ◽  
Gianluca Amoroso ◽  
Tomer Ventura ◽  
Jeremiah J. Minich ◽  
Abigail Elizur
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

scholarly journals Dietary Lipid Effects on Gut Microbiota of First Feeding Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos Ar. Kormas ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
First Feeding

Decline in fish oil and fish meal availability has forced the aquaculture sector to investigate alternative and sustainable aquafeed ingredients. Despite that several studies have evaluated the effect of fish oil replacement in aquaculture fish species, there is a knowledge gap on the effects of alternative dietary lipid sources on the gut microbiota in early life stages of Salmo salar. The present study evaluated the influence of dietary administration of two different lipid sources (fish oil and vegetable oil) on the intestinal microbiota of first feeding Atlantic salmon (S. salar) up to 93 days post first feeding (dpff). The two diets used in this study, FD (fish oil diet) and VD (blend of rapeseed, linseed and palm oils diet), were formulated to cover the fish nutritional requirements. Apart from the lipid source, the rest of the feed components were identical in the two diets. Hindgut samples were collected at 0, 35, 65, and 93 dpff. Moreover, fertilized eggs, yolk sac larvae, rearing water and feed were also collected in order to assess a possible contribution of their microbiota to the colonization and bacterial succession of the fish intestines. To analyze the bacterial communities, amplicon sequencing was used targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The findings indicate that feeding on either fish oil or vegetable oil-based diet, fish growth variables (mean wet weight and total length) did not differ significantly during the experiment (p > 0.05). No significant differences were also found between the two dietary groups, regarding their gut bacteria composition, after the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequencing data. Instead, gut microbiota changed with age, and each stage was characterized by different dominant bacteria. These operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were related to species that provide different functions and have been isolated from a variety of environments. The results also show little OTUs overlap between the host and rearing environment microbiota. Overall, this study revealed the occurrence of a core microbiota in early life of Atlantic salmon independent of the feed-contained oil origin.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Carbohydrate/Protein Ratio on Hepatic Metabolism in Land-Locked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica B. Betancor ◽  
Rolf E. Olsen ◽  
Lucie Marandel ◽  
Ole F. Skulstad ◽  
Angelico Madaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Effects of soybean-containing diets on the proximal and distal intestine in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): a morphological study

Aquaculture ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S.G.A.M. van den Ingh ◽  
Å. Krogdahl ◽  
J.J. Olli ◽  
H.G.C.J.M. Hendriks ◽  
J.G.J.F. Koninkx
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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