scholarly journals Factors Affecting Trailer Thermal Environment Experienced by Market Pigs Transported in the US

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Yijie Xiong ◽  
Richard Gates ◽  
Angela Green-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ventilation Pattern

Extreme weather conditions challenge pig thermoregulation during transport and are addressed by the National Pork Board (NPB) Transport Quality Assurance® (TQA) program that provides guidelines for trailer boarding, bedding, and misting. These guidelines are widely applied, yet very little is known about the microenvironment within the trailer. In this study, TQA guidelines (V4) were evaluated via extensive thermal environment measurements during transport in order to evaluate spatial variability and implications on ventilation pattern. Effects of trailer management strategies including bedding, boarding, and misting were examined and the trailer was monitored for interior temperature rise and THI responses within six separate zones. The trailer thermal environment was not uniformly distributed in the colder trips with the top front and bottom zones were the warmest, indicating these zones had the majority of outlet openings and experienced air with accumulated sensible and latent heat of the pigs. Relatively enhanced thermal environment uniformity was observed during hot trips, suggesting that ventilation patterns and ventilation rate were different for colder vs. warmer weather conditions. Misting applied prior to transport cooled interior air temperature, but also created high THI conditions in some cases. Neither boarding and bedding combinations in the TQA nor boarding position showed impacts on trailer interior temperature rise or spatial distribution of temperature inside the trailer.

An empirical machine learning method for predicting potential fire control locations for pre-fire planning and operational fire management

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. O'Connor ◽  
David E. Calkin ◽  
Matthew P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Northern Nevada ◽  
Fire Planning

During active fire incidents, decisions regarding where and how to safely and effectively deploy resources to meet management objectives are often made under rapidly evolving conditions, with limited time to assess management strategies or for development of backup plans if initial efforts prove unsuccessful. Under all but the most extreme fire weather conditions, topography and fuels are significant factors affecting potential fire spread and burn severity. We leverage these relationships to quantify the effects of topography, fuel characteristics, road networks and fire suppression effort on the perimeter locations of 238 large fires, and develop a predictive model of potential fire control locations spanning a range of fuel types, topographic features and natural and anthropogenic barriers to fire spread, on a 34000km2 landscape in southern Idaho and northern Nevada. The boosted logistic regression model correctly classified final fire perimeter locations on an independent dataset with 69% accuracy without consideration of weather conditions on individual fires. The resulting fire control probability surface has potential for reducing unnecessary exposure for fire responders, coordinating pre-fire planning for operational fire response, and as a network of locations to incorporate into spatial fire planning to better align fire operations with land management objectives.

scholarly journals Thermal Condition and Air Quality Investigation in Commercial Airliner Cabins

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7047
Author(s):  
Nu Yu ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Mengya Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Cabin air quality and thermal conditions have a direct impact on passenger and flight crew’s health and comfort. In this study, in-cabin thermal environment and particulate matter (PM) exposures were investigated in four China domestic flights. The mean and standard deviation of the in-cabin carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in two tested flights are 1440 ± 111 ppm. The measured maximum in-cabin carbon monoxide (CO) concentration is 1.2 ppm, which is under the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit of 10 ppm. The tested relative humidity ranges from 13.8% to 67.0% with an average of 31.7%. The cabin pressure change rates at the end of the climbing stages and the beginning of the descending stages are close to 10 hPa·min−1, which might induce the uncomfortable feeling of passengers and crew members. PM mass concentrations were measured on four flights. The results show that PM concentrations decreased after the aircraft cabin door closed and were affected by severe turbulences. The highest in-cabin PM concentrations were observed in the oldest aircraft with an age of 13.2 years, and the waiting phase in this aircraft generated the highest exposures.

Chemistry instructors’ intentions toward developing, teaching, and assessing student representational competence skills

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Popova ◽  
Tamera Jones
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Coding Theory ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Representational Competence ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Us

Representational competence is one's ability to use disciplinary representations for learning, communicating, and problem-solving. These skills are at the heart of engagement in scientific practices and were recognized by the ACS Examinations Institute as one of ten anchoring concepts. Despite the important role that representational competence plays in student success in chemistry and the considerable number of investigations into students’ ability to reason with representations, very few studies have examined chemistry instructors’ approaches toward developing student representational competence. This study interviewed thirteen chemistry instructors from eleven different universities across the US about their intentions to develop, teach, and assess student representational competence skills. We found that most instructors do not aim to help students develop any representational competence skills. At the same time, participants’ descriptions of their instructional and assessment practices revealed that, without realizing it, most are likely to teach and assess several representational competence skills in their courses. A closer examination of these skills revealed a focus on lower-level representational competence skills (e.g., the ability to interpret and generate representations) and a lack of a focus on higher-level meta-representational competence skills (e.g., the ability to describe affordances and limitations of representations). Finally, some instructors reported self-awareness about their lack of knowledge about effective teaching about representations and the majority expressed a desire for professional development opportunities to learn about differences in how experts and novices conceptualize representations, about evidence-based practices for teaching about representations, and about how to assess student mastery of representational competence skills. This study holds clear implications for informing chemistry instructors’ professional development initiatives. Such training needs to help instructors take cognizance of relevant theories of learning (e.g., constructivism, dual-coding theory, information processing model, Johnstone's triangle), and the key factors affecting students’ ability to reason with representations, as well as foster awareness of representational competence skills and how to support students in learning with representations.

Factors affecting the spatial distribution and co‐occurrence of two sympatric mountain ungulates in southern Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Odonjavkhlan ◽  
J.S. Alexsander ◽  
C. Mishra ◽  
G. Samelius ◽  
K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mountain Ungulates

Transborder interactions in the sawmill industry of Chaudière-Appalaches, Québec: A survey analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-947
Author(s):  
Debra Straussfogel ◽  
Theodore Howard ◽  
Sylvain Masse ◽  
Difei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sawmill Industry ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
National Boundaries

The objectives of this mail survey of sawmills in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of southern Québec were (1) to establish the level of transborder interaction of these sawmills, with regard to wood sources and final markets; (2) to discover their perceptions of local versus international economic and business factors with regard to their business success; and (3) to examine the role and importance of the size of the sawmills in Chaudière-Appalaches relative to the nature of their engagement in either raw material import from or finished product export to the US. Our results demonstrate that a transborder forest economy exists and that the conception of "local" in transboundary regions must be flexible enough to permit resource management strategies, that, to some extent, ignore national boundaries. Key words: sawmill industry, transborder interaction, Chaudière-Appalaches, Québec, Northern New England

Numerical Simulation of Indoor Thermal Environment of a Double-Skin Facade Office with Different Shutter Angles

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Xin Zhan ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Feng Yun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Double Skin ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Heat Transfer Simulation ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Rng Turbulence Model

Airflow and heat transfer simulation was conducted for a double-skin façade (DSF) system equipped with shading devices in the cavity, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with RNG turbulence model and PISO algorithm, for five conditions of slat angles (θ=0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). The present study indicates that the presence of shading devices influences the temperatures, the ventilation rate and the air distribution in the DSF system. Besides, the different angles will make different influences.

scholarly journals Factors affecting Cyperus difformis seed germination and seedling emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Derakhshan ◽  
J. Gherekhloo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Emergence Patterns

Specific knowledge about the dormancy, germination, and emergence patterns of weed species aids the development of integrated management strategies. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of several environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Cyperus difformis. Germination of freshly harvested seeds was inhibited by darkness; however, when seeds were subsequently transferred to complete light they germinated readily. Our results showed that 2 wk of cold stratification overcome the light requirement for germination. Seeds of C. difformis were able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures (25/15, 30/20, 35/25, and 40/30 ºC day/night). The response of germination rate to temperature was described as a non-linear function. Based on model outputs, the base, the optimum and the ceiling temperatures were estimated as 14.81, 37.72 and 45 ºC, respectively. A temperature of 120 ºC for a 5 min was required to inhibit 50% of maximum germination. The osmotic potential and salinity required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were -0.47 MPa and 135.57 mM, respectively. High percentage of seed germination (89%) was observed at pH=6 and decreased to 12% at alkaline medium (pH 9) pH. Seeds sown on the soil surface gave the greatest percentage of seedling emergence, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried in soil at depths of 1 cm.

scholarly journals How Blue Carbon Ecosystems Are Perceived by Local Communities in the Coral Triangle: Comparative and Empirical Examinations in the Philippines and Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Jay Mar D. Quevedo ◽  
Yuta Uchiyama ◽  
Kevin Muhamad Lukman ◽  
Ryo Kohsaka
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Factors Affecting

Blue carbon ecosystem (BCE) initiatives in the Coral Triangle Region (CTR) are increasing due to their amplified recognition in mitigating global climate change. Although transdisciplinary approaches in the “blue carbon” discourse and collaborative actions are gaining momentum in the international and national arenas, more work is still needed at the local level. The study pursues how BCE initiatives permeate through the local communities in the Philippines and Indonesia, as part of CTR. Using perception surveys, the coastal residents from Busuanga, Philippines, and Karimunjawa, Indonesia were interviewed on their awareness, utilization, perceived threats, and management strategies for BCEs. Potential factors affecting residents’ perceptions were explored using multivariate regression and correlation analyses. Also, a comparative analysis was done to determine distinctions and commonalities in perceptions as influenced by site-specific scenarios. Results show that, despite respondents presenting relatively high awareness of BCE services, levels of utilization are low with 42.9–92.9% and 23.4–85.1% respondents in Busuanga and Karimunjawa, respectively, not directly utilizing BCE resources. Regression analysis showed that respondents’ occupation significantly influenced their utilization rate and observed opposite correlations in Busuanga (positive) and Karimunjawa (negative). Perceived threats are found to be driven by personal experiences—occurrence of natural disasters in Busuanga whereas discerned anthropogenic activities (i.e., land-use conversion) in Karimunjawa. Meanwhile, recognized management strategies are influenced by the strong presence of relevant agencies like non-government and people’s organizations in Busuanga and the local government in Karimunjawa. These results can be translated as useful metrics in contextualizing and/or enhancing BCE management plans specifically in strategizing advocacy campaigns and engagement of local stakeholders across the CTR.

A REVIEW ON PHARMACEUTICAL VALIDATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE AND IMPUTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
M Mohankumar ◽  
G Sivakamasundari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Process Validation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Measurement Control ◽  
Quantitative Validation ◽  
Measurement Validation ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

Validation is a notable step in fulfilling and keep the character of the last decision. In the event that every progress of the creative process is recognized, we can guarantee that the end result will be of the best quality. Validation is specialized for planning and rehearsing a closely planned step with documents. Verification and quality assurance are inseparable, which guarantees careful quality of products. The process validation underscores the components of the measurement scheme and adheres to the measurement control during commercialization and realizes that it is nothing more than a continuous program and adjust the measurement validation exercises with the item life cycle. The motivation behind this survey is to introduce a presentation and general disclosure on quantitative validation of pharmaceutical production with a unique note to the requirements specified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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