scholarly journals Supplementing Oregano Essential Oil in a Reduced-Protein Diet Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility by Modulating Intestinal Bacteria, Intestinal Morphology, and Antioxidative Capacity of Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Mao Xia ◽  
Xiaming Zhang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Siwen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil

This study investigated the effects of supplementing oregano essential oil (OEO) to a reduced-protein diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity of growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments including normal-protein diet (NPD), reduced-protein, amino acid-supplemented diet (RPD), the same RPD supplemented with chlortetracycline (RPA), and RPD supplemented with OEO (RPO). The data showed that dietary OEO supplementation increased the average daily gain of pigs compared with NPD and RPD. The gain:feed in RPO- and NPD-fed pigs was higher than those in RPD- and RPA-fed pigs. Increased average daily feed intake and 10th-rib backfat thickness were detected in RPA-fed pigs. Pigs fed the RPO had higher apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein than those fed the other diets. The RPD and RPA treatments showed reduced counts of Lactobacillus spp. in ileal digesta of pigs. The RPA and RPO treatments also showed lower Escherichia coli counts in ileal digesta than the NPD and RPD treatments. Dietary OEO supplementation increased villous height of the jejunum and the ileal and plasma total antioxidative capacity of pigs. In conclusion, dietary OEO supplementation could improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs by modulating intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance, intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Qiuli Fan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Fouad ◽  
Yunyun Sun ◽  
Shengshu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil

Abstract Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.

Influence of low-protein diets and protease and bromelain supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urine nitrogen, creatinine, and faecal noxious gas in growing–finishing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Nguyen ◽  
S.I. Lee ◽  
J.Y. Cheong ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

A total of 180 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 22.61 ± 1.23 kg were used in an 18 wk study to determine the effect of protease and bromelain in low-protein diets in grower–finisher pigs. Dietary treatments included: T1, basal diet treatment; T2, low-protein treatment; T3 (T2 + 0.2 g kg−1 protease); and T4 (T2 + 0.3 g kg−1 bromelain). Pigs fed protease- and bromelain-supplemented diets increased average daily gain and gain to feed ratio at week 18, dry matter and nitrogen digestibility at week 6, as well as energy digestibility at week 12, compared with low-protein diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed T3 and T4 diets led to a trend of decreased (P < 0.05) blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations at the 12th wk. A reduction of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission was observed in pigs fed the dietary protease and bromelain supplementation at the 6th wk (P < 0.05). There was no effect on all parameters between the protease and bromelain supplementation treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of protease and bromelain to low-protein diet enhanced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and reduced NH3 and H2S in growing–finishing pigs.

Effect of flavor supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and carcass quality in growing–finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Xiang Ao ◽  
Yan Lei ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Blood Profiles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of different flavors (apple and anise) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and carcass quality in growing–finishing pigs. A total of 96 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 28.2 ± 0.7 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatments: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) APF, basal diet + 0.05% apple flavor; (3) ANF, basal diet + 0.05% anise flavor, according to their BW and sex in this 15 wk experiment. There were eight replications (pens) per treatment and four pigs per pen (two barrows and two gilts). During week 0–5, pigs fed ANF diets had greater (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake than those fed CON and APF diets. Dietary ANF treatment increased (p < 0.05) ADG during 0–15 wk compared with CON treatment. At the end of 5 wk, the apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen in ANF treatment was improved (p < 0.05) compared with that in CON treatment. Dietary treatments did not affect the studied traits of carcass and meat quality. The inclusion of anise flavor increased ADG, but apple flavor had no effect on growth performance in growing–finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Impact of rare earth element-enriched yeast on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and fecal microflora in finishing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cai ◽  
C.M. Nyachoti ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rare Earth Element ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Blood Profile

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of rare earth element-enriched yeast (RY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and fecal microbial flora in finishing pigs. A total of 100 finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a two-phase feeding trial. Pigs were randomly assigned to five treatments according to their initial body weight (five pens per treatment, two gilts and two barrows per pen). Treatments were basal diets, free of antibiotics [negative control (NC)]; NC + 500, 1000, and 1500 mg kg−1, respectively, of RY; antibiotics diets, NC + 500 mg kg−1 of tiamulin [positive control (PC)]. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) increased linearly with increasing level of RY in diets. At the end of the experiment, blood lymphocyte concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy increased linearly in pigs fed the increasing level of RY in diets. The better ADG, G:F, and fecal Lactobacillus counts were observed in both RY and PC groups compared with the NC group. In conclusion, diets with RY improved growth performance, digestibility, blood lymphocyte counts, and fecal Lactobacillus counts in finishing pigs, and RY may be considered as an alternative to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Oregano Essential Oil Improves Intestinal Morphology and Expression of Tight Junction Proteins Associated with Modulation of Selected Intestinal Bacteria and Immune Status in a Pig Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zou ◽  
Quanhang Xiang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jian Peng ◽  
Hongkui Wei
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Oregano essential oil (OEO) has long been used to improve the health of animals, particularly the health of intestine, which is generally attributed to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, how OEO acts in the intestine of pig is still unclear. This study was aimed at elucidating how OEO promotes the intestinal barrier integrity in a pig model. Pigs were fed a control diet alone or one supplemented with 25 mg/kg of OEO for 4 weeks. The OEO-treated pigs showed decreased (P<0.05) endotoxin level in serum and increased (P<0.05) villus height and expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum. These results demonstrated that the integrity of intestinal barrier was improved by OEO treatment. The OEO-treated pigs had a lower (P<0.05) population ofEscherichia coliin the jejunum, ileum, and colon than the control. This is in accordance with the greater inactivation (P<0.05) of inflammation, which was reflected by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factorκB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Our results show that OEO promotes intestinal barrier integrity, probably through modulating intestinal bacteria and immune status in pigs.

scholarly journals Impact of yeast hydrolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, noxious gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality of finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vetriselvi Sampath ◽  
Kyudong Han ◽  
S SureshKumar ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate ◽  
Gross Energy

A total of 90 finishing pigs (52 ±1.46kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments as: TRT1- (CON (basal diet)), TRT-2 (CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH)), TRT3 – (CON + 0.1% YH) for 8 weeks trial. Each treatment had 6 replications and 5 (3 gilts and 2 barrow) pigs pen. In weeks 4 and 8, YH supplement linearly increased (P < 0.05) body weight. Moreover, average daily gain was also linearly increased (P < 0.05) with YH supplementation in week 4 and the overall trial period. At the end of the trial, apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy was linearly increased in pigs fed YH supplementation. In addition, fecal lactobacillus counts, IGF-1 concentration, and the lean meat percentage was linearly increased by YH supplementation. Also, YH supplementation elicited a linear reduction on drip loss during days 3, 5, and 7. In summary, dietary yeast hydrolysate supplement positively enhanced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lactobacillus count and reduce the drip loss traits of finishing pig. Thus, we infer that the application 0.1% S. cerevisiae yeast hydrolysate can enhance the growth efficiency of finishing pigs.

Effect of phytogenics on growth performance, fecal score, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohana Devi ◽  
S.I. Lee ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract Phytogenic feed additives have become attractive alternatives for use in animal diets. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic-based feed additive on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas emission, and intestinal morphology of weaning pigs after dietary challenge with E. coli K88. A total of 120 crossbred pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc)] with an initial body weight (BW) of 6.09 ± 0.96 kg (21 d of age) were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments. Each pen housed 5 pigs, and there were 6 pens/treatment. Treatments included: T1, negative control (without antibiotics); T2, T1 + antibiotic; T3, T1 + 0.05% phytogenics; and T4, T1 + 0.2% commercial mix of organic acids. Overall, the average daily gain (ADG) with the T3 treatment was higher (P<0.05). At wk 1, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) was increased (P<0.05) with T4 treatment. The ATTD of ash with T3 and T4 treatments was greater (P<0.05). At wk 3, pigs fed with the T4 diet had a significantly higher (P<0.05) ATTD of DM. The ATTD of ash and calcium (Ca) was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the T4 treatment. Pigs fed with the T3 diet had a higher (P<0.05) ATTD of phosphorus (P). At wk 6, the ATTD of ash was significantly increased (P<0.05) with the T1 and T3 treatments. The data indicate that phytogenics positively affect growth performance of weaning pigs, indicating that their use as an alternative in the diets of weaning pigs can significantly improve ADG, under challenge with E.coli K88.

The effect of stocking density and social regrouping stressors on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and physiological stress responses in pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. G. Leek ◽  
B. T. Sweeney ◽  
P. Duffy ◽  
V. E. Beattie ◽  
J. V. O’Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio

AbstractA 2 ✕ 2 factorial arrangement of treatments used 280 growing pigs and 240 finishing pigs to examine the main effects and interactions between two levels of stocking density (0·75 m2 v. 0·45 m2 per growing pig and 0·88 m2 v. 0·53 m2 per finishing pig) and grouping (static groups v. regrouped) on pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and measurements of physiological indicators of stress responses. Regrouping was achieved by moving four unfamiliar pigs between replicate groups every 14 days. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily food intake (ADFI) were reduced by an additive interaction between high density and regrouping in growing pigs (P < 0·01). In finishing pigs, regrouping reduced ADG (P 0·05) and carcass weight (P 0·05). Regrouping reduced apparent dry matter and gross energy digestibility in finishing pigs (P 0·05). Rectal temperature increased 3 h after mixing finishing pigs (P 0·05), but not growing pigs. In growing pigs, the neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio tended to increase (P 0·1) after regrouping, although plasma cortisol concentration was unaffected. In finishing pigs, the response to a Newcastle disease virus antigen challenge tended to decrease at high stocking density (P 0·1), although total IgG concentration was unaffected. In conclusion, the growth performance of growing and finishing pigs was affected by social stressors. However, effects on the physiological measurements did not concur with effects on growth performance.

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