scholarly journals Oregano Essential Oil Improves Intestinal Morphology and Expression of Tight Junction Proteins Associated with Modulation of Selected Intestinal Bacteria and Immune Status in a Pig Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zou ◽  
Quanhang Xiang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jian Peng ◽  
Hongkui Wei
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Oregano essential oil (OEO) has long been used to improve the health of animals, particularly the health of intestine, which is generally attributed to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, how OEO acts in the intestine of pig is still unclear. This study was aimed at elucidating how OEO promotes the intestinal barrier integrity in a pig model. Pigs were fed a control diet alone or one supplemented with 25 mg/kg of OEO for 4 weeks. The OEO-treated pigs showed decreased (P<0.05) endotoxin level in serum and increased (P<0.05) villus height and expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum. These results demonstrated that the integrity of intestinal barrier was improved by OEO treatment. The OEO-treated pigs had a lower (P<0.05) population ofEscherichia coliin the jejunum, ileum, and colon than the control. This is in accordance with the greater inactivation (P<0.05) of inflammation, which was reflected by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factorκB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Our results show that OEO promotes intestinal barrier integrity, probably through modulating intestinal bacteria and immune status in pigs.

scholarly journals Modified Palygorskite Improves Immunity, Antioxidant Ability, Intestinal Morphology, and Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens Fed Naturally Contaminated Diet with Permitted Feed Concentrations of Fusarium Mycotoxins

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefei Cheng ◽  
Qiao Xu ◽  
Yueping Chen ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Chao Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Integrity ◽  
Modified Palygorskite

This study investigated effects of modified palygorskite (MPal) on immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier integrity in broiler chickens challenged with permitted feed Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations. One-day-old chicks were allocated into three treatments with eight replicates. Chickens in three groups were fed a basal diet with normal corn (control), contaminated diet containing moldy corn, with Fusarium mycotoxins contents in the diets lower than permitted feed mycotoxin concentrations, and the contaminated diet supplemented with 1 g/kg MPal for 42 days, respectively. Compared with control, moldy corn decreased bursa of Fabricius weight, jejunal secreted immunoglobulin A concentration, ileal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, jejunal and ileal villus height (VH) and VH/crypt depth (CD) ratio, and jejunal zonula occludens-1 and mucin 2 mRNA abundances at 42 days as well as ileal VH/CD ratio at 21 days; while they increased jejunal malondialdehyde accumulation at 21 and 42 days, jejunal SOD activity at 21 days, and serum diamine oxidase activity at 42 days, which were almost recovered by MPal. Moreover, dietary MPal upregulated ileal claudin-2 mRNA abundance compared with other two groups. The results indicated that MPal addition exerted protective effects on immunity, oxidative status, and intestinal barrier integrity in chickens challenged with permitted feed Fusarium mycotoxins levels.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental glycerol monolaurate and oregano essential oil blend on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and amino acid digestibility of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa A. Amer ◽  
Samar A. Tolba ◽  
Dina M. M. AlSadek ◽  
Doaa M. Abdel Fattah ◽  
Aziza M. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background This experiment tested the impact of the combined supplementation of glycerol monolaurate (GLM) and oregano essential oil (EO) to broiler diets. Growth performance, metabolic response, immune status, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AID%), and intestinal histomorphology were assessed. Three-day-old Ross-308 broilers (76.62 g ± 0.50, n = 240) were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups (6 replicates/group and 10 chicks/replicate). Birds were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets supplemented with four levels of GLM and oregano EO blend: 0, 0.15, 0.45, and 0.75% for 35 days. Results During the starter period, dietary GLM and oregano EO did not show significant (P > 0.05) changes in growth performance. During the grower period, GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups showed a linear and quadratic decline in FCR. During the finisher and overall performance, a linear increase in the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and relative growth rate (RGR), and a linear decrease in the FCR at 0.75% dietary level of GLM and oregano EO compared to the control. The broken-line regression model showed that the optimum dietary level of GLM and oregano EO blend was 0.58% based on final BW and FCR. The 0.45% or 0.15% dietary level of supplemented additives lowered (P < 0.05) the AID% of threonine and arginine, respectively, with no change in the AID% of other assessed amino acids at all dietary levels. Muscle thickness in jejunum and ileum in all dietary supplemented groups was increased (P < 0.05); however, such increase (P < 0.05) in the duodenum was shown at 0.45 and 0.75% dietary levels. All GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups showed increased (P < 0.05) duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height. The 0.15 and/or 0.75% dietary levels of supplemented additives increased (P < 0.05) the ileal and duodenal crypt depth, respectively, with a decreased (P < 0.05) duodenal crypt depth at 0.15% dietary level. The goblet cell count in ileum decreased (P < 0.05) in all GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups, but this decreased count (P < 0.05) was detected in jejunum at 0.45 and 0.75% dietary levels. The GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups did not show significant (P > 0.05) changes in the assessed metabolic and immune status parameters. Economically, the total return and performance index was increased at 0.75% dietary level. Conclusion Better growth performance was achieved at a 0.75 % dietary level of GLM and oregano EO by improving most intestinal morphometric measures. The optimum dietary level detected was 0.58%. The lack of influence of supplemented additives on chickens' immune and metabolic responses could indicate a lack of synergy between GLM and oregano EO.

scholarly journals Supplementing Oregano Essential Oil in a Reduced-Protein Diet Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility by Modulating Intestinal Bacteria, Intestinal Morphology, and Antioxidative Capacity of Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Mao Xia ◽  
Xiaming Zhang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Siwen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil

This study investigated the effects of supplementing oregano essential oil (OEO) to a reduced-protein diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity of growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments including normal-protein diet (NPD), reduced-protein, amino acid-supplemented diet (RPD), the same RPD supplemented with chlortetracycline (RPA), and RPD supplemented with OEO (RPO). The data showed that dietary OEO supplementation increased the average daily gain of pigs compared with NPD and RPD. The gain:feed in RPO- and NPD-fed pigs was higher than those in RPD- and RPA-fed pigs. Increased average daily feed intake and 10th-rib backfat thickness were detected in RPA-fed pigs. Pigs fed the RPO had higher apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein than those fed the other diets. The RPD and RPA treatments showed reduced counts of Lactobacillus spp. in ileal digesta of pigs. The RPA and RPO treatments also showed lower Escherichia coli counts in ileal digesta than the NPD and RPD treatments. Dietary OEO supplementation increased villous height of the jejunum and the ileal and plasma total antioxidative capacity of pigs. In conclusion, dietary OEO supplementation could improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs by modulating intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity.

scholarly journals Chronic opioid use modulates human enteric microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity

Gut Microbes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1946368
Author(s):  
Angélica Cruz-Lebrón ◽  
Ramona Johnson ◽  
Claire Mazahery ◽  
Zach Troyer ◽  
Samira Joussef-Piña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Integrity ◽  
Chronic Opioid Use

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Standardized Rosemary Extract and the Effect on the Disease Activity Index of DSS-Induced Colitis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Jacob P. Veenstra ◽  
Bhaskar Vemu ◽  
Restituto Tocmo ◽  
Mirielle C. Nauman ◽  
Jeremy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Dietary Phytochemicals ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Rosemary extract (RE) is an approved food preservative in the European Union and contains dietary phytochemicals that are beneficial for gastrointestinal health. This study investigated the effects of RE on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and also determined the pharmacokinetics of dietary phytochemicals administered to mice via oral gavage. Individual components of rosemary extract were separated and identified by LC–MS/MS. The pharmacokinetics of two major diterpenes from RE, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CL), administered to mice via oral gavage were determined. Then, the effect of RE pre-treatment on the disease activity index (DAI) of DSS-induced colitis in mice was investigated. The study determined that 100 mg/kg RE significantly improved DAI in DSS-induced colitis compared to negative control. Sestrin 2 protein expression, which increased with DSS exposure, was reduced with RE treatment. Intestinal barrier integrity was also shown to improve via fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran administration and Western blot of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a tight junction protein. Rosemary extract was able to improve the DAI of DSS-induced colitis in mice at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg and showed improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity. This study suggests that RE can be an effective preventative agent against IBD.

Intestinal barrier integrity and inflammatory bowel disease: Stem cell‐based approaches to regenerate the barrier

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik E.O. Holmberg ◽  
Jannie Pedersen ◽  
Peter Jørgensen ◽  
Christoffer Soendergaard ◽  
Kim B. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Integrity
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