scholarly journals A Comparison of Diets Supplemented with a Feed Additive Containing Organic Acids, Cinnamaldehyde and a Permeabilizing Complex, or Zinc Oxide, on Post-Weaning Diarrhoea, Selected Bacterial Populations, Blood Measures and Performance in Weaned Pigs Experimentally Infected with Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Animals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingunn Stensland ◽  
Jae Kim ◽  
Bethany Bowring ◽  
Alison Collins ◽  
Josephine Mansfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Performance

Levamisole stimulates proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets, gut health and performance in weaned pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Valpotić ◽  
Marcela Šperanda ◽  
Ana Kovšca-Janjatović ◽  
Mislav Ðidara ◽  
Gordana Lacković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immune Cell Subsets ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance

Valpotić, H., Šperanda, M., Kovšca-Janjatović, A., Ðidara, M., Lacković, G., Božić, F., Habrun, B., Srečec, S., Mataušić-Pišl, M. and Valpotić, I. 2014. Levamisole stimulates proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets, gut health and performance in weaned pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 43–53. With the growing knowledge of the porcine immune system and its endogenous modulation, it has been clearly stated that exogenous modulation through the use of substances able to modulate immune functions represents an important prophylactic/therapeutic approach in prevention/treatment of both stress- and F4+ and F18+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)-induced infections accompanied weaning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of levamisole (LEVA; 2.5 mg kg−1 BW in 10 mL) applied per os to weaned pigs in proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets throughout a period of 5 wk. Changes in proportion or number of peripheral blood and ileal mucosal leukocytes tested were studied either weekly by flow cytometry or at the end of the experiment (day 35) by immunohistology/histomorphometry, respectively. Pigs treated with LEVA had increased proportions of peripheral blood CD45+ lymphoid cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD21+ B cells (P<0.01) between days 14 and 35 following the treatment. Also, LEVA stimulated the proliferation of CD45RA+ naïve lymphoid cells in interfollicular (P<0.001) and follicular areas (P<0.05) of ileal Peyer’s patches at day 35 of the experiment. These pigs had a significantly higher (P<0.05) average body weight (19.7 vs. 17.1 kg) and weight gain at the end of experiment compared with the control pigs (for 15%). We conclude that LEVA stimulated the proliferation of circulating and intestinal lymphoid cell subsets tested and improved performance in weaned pigs, and thus, the drug may nonspecifically enhance their immunity/resistance to F4+ and F18+ ETEC strains.

scholarly journals Efficacy of organic acids as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in weaned pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Tung M. Che
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

The objective of the experiment was to compare effects of dietary supplementation of organic acids (ProHacid Advance, PRO) and antibiotics on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, frequency of antibiotic treatment, and E. coli shedding in weaned pigs. A total of 224 crossbred weaned pigs [(Yorkshire x Landrace) x Duroc; 29 days old)] were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicate pens of 8 pigs each according to sex, litter origin and weight in an RCBD. The 4 dietary treatments included (1) basal diet + 50 mg/kg neomycin and 10 mg/kg enramycin (positive control, PC), (2) basal diet without antibiotics (negative control, NC), (3) As 2 + 0.25% PRO, and (4) As 2 + 0.5% PRO. Over a 4-week study, the results showed that there were no differences in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs among the 4 treatments (P = 0.328). However, pigs fed the PC diet (1.642) and 0.25% PRO-supplemented diet (1.641) had a lower feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05) than those fed the NC diet (1.808). The diarrhea incidence of pigs fed the 0.25% PRO-supplemented diet (7.36%) was lower (P < 0.01) than that of pigs fed the PC diet (11.61%), NC diet (16.70%), and 0.5% PRO-supplemented diet (10.08%). The frequency of antibiotic treatment of pigs consuming the 0.25% PRO-supplemented diet (4.67%) was lower (P < 0.01) than that of pigs consuming the PC diet (7.33%), NC diet (9.53%) and 0.5% PRO-supplemented diet (7.65%). No differences were found in the number of fecal E. coli among the 4 treatments. In brief, 0.25% PRO added to a nursery pig diet would be considered a potential alternative to the use of antibiotics in feed, but further research on this aspect is needed

Feed Additive Studies with Newly Weaned Pigs: Efficacy of Supplemental Copper, Antibiotics and Organic Acids

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Edmonds ◽  
O. A. Izquierdo ◽  
D. H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Weaned Pigs

Inactivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Lettuce and Poultry Skin by Combinations of Levulinic Acid and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONG ZHAO ◽  
PING ZHAO ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Chicken Feces

Four organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, caprylic acid, and levulinic acid) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were evaluated individually or in combination for their ability to inactivate Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Results from pure culture assays in water with the treatment chemical revealed that 0.5% organic acid and 0.05 to 1% SDS, when used individually, reduced pathogen cell numbers by ≤2 log CFU/ml within 20 min at 21°C. The combination of any of these organic acids at 0.5% with 0.05% SDS resulted in &gt;7 log CFU/ml inactivation of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 within 10 s at 21°C. A combination of levulinic acid and SDS was evaluated at different concentrations for pathogen reduction on lettuce at 21°C, on poultry (wings and skin) at 8°C, and in water containing chicken feces or feathers at 21°C. Results revealed that treatment of lettuce with a combination of 3% levulinic acid plus 1% SDS for &lt;20 s reduced both Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 populations by &gt;6.7 log CFU/g on lettuce. Salmonella and aerobic bacterial populations on chicken wings were reduced by &gt;5 log CFU/g by treatment with 3% levulinic acid plus 2% SDS for 1 min. Treating water heavily contaminated with chicken feces with 3% levulinic acid plus 2% SDS reduced Salmonella populations by &gt;7 log CFU/ml within 20 s. The use of levulinic acid plus SDS as a wash solution may have practical application for killing foodborne enteric pathogens on fresh produce and uncooked poultry.

scholarly journals A Review of the Effect of Formic Acid and Its Salts on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Performance of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Luise ◽  
Federico Correa ◽  
Paolo Bosi ◽  
Paolo Trevisi
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ph ◽  
Mineral Utilization ◽  
And Performance

Out of the alternatives to antibiotics and zinc oxide, organic acids, or simply acidifiers, play significant roles, especially in ensuring gut health and the growth performance of pigs. Regarding acidifiers, formic acid and its salts have shown very promising results in weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Although it is known that the main mechanisms by which acidifiers can improve livestock performance and health are related to the regulation of gastrointestinal pH, an improvement in intestinal digestibility and mineral utilization, and their antimicrobial properties against specific pathogens has been observed, while poor consensus remains in relation to the effect of acidifers on bacteria and the complex microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the effects of formic acid and its salts on the performance and the gastrointestinal microbiota balance of pigs.

Small intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in ileal digesta and feces of newly weaned pigs receiving a high dietary level of zinc oxide

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Li ◽  
A. G. Van Kessel ◽  
W. R. Caine ◽  
S. X. Huang ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Mucosal Morphology

A study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of 3000 mg kg–1 zinc oxide (ZnO) on the small intestinal morphology and populations of enterobacteriaceae, lactobacilli and clostridia in ileal digesta and feces of weaned pigs. At 17 d of age, 36 pigs from nine litters were fitted with simple T-cannulae at the distal ileum and after a 2-h post-surgery recovery returned to their sows. At 21 d of age, the pigs were weaned and housed in individual metabolism crates. Pigs were allocated to receive a standard starter diet supplemented with or without 3000 mg kg–1 of ZnO. Ileal digesta and fecal samples were collected immediately before weaning and then on days 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11 after weaning and were used to quantify enterobacteriaceae, lactobacilli and clostridial populations by colony enumeration on selective media. Pigs were euthanized following the final sampling, and 2 cm sections of tissue were collected from sites 25, 50 and 75% along the length of the small intestine for determination of mucosal thickness (MT), crypt depth (CD), villous height (VH) and villous width (VW). Zinc oxide supplementation altered the mucosal morphology of the small intestine. Mucosal thickness (P < 0.08) and VH (P < 0.05) were increased at sites 25 and 50% along the length of the small intestine by ZnO supplementation. Overall VW also increased (P < 0.01) with ZnO supplementation. Crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) at 75% along the length of the small intestine with ZnO supplementation. The ratio of VH to CD was higher (P < 0.05) for ZnO-supplemented than for control-fed pigs at sites 25, 50 and 75% along the length of the small intestine. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of supplementary ZnO on bacterial populations in ileal digesta or feces. The present study indicates that supplementing ZnO in starter diets changes the epithelial morphology of the small intestine, which may affect nutrient digestion and absorption in newly weaned pigs. Key words: Pigs, zinc oxide, bacteria, intestinal morphology

Effects of betaine, organic acids and inulin as single feed additives or in combination on bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli ◽  
Adi Ratriyanto ◽  
Dagmar Jezierny ◽  
Nadja Sauer ◽  
Meike Eklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations

Efficacy of Organic Acids Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Attached to Beef Carcass Tissue Using a Pilot Scale Model Carcass Washer1

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE NETTLES CUTTER ◽  
GREGORY R. SIRAGUSA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcass

The efficacy of organic acids for controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to beef carcass tissue was determined using a pilot scale model carcass washer. Lean or adipose surface tissues from beef carcasses were inoculated with three strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Pseudomonas fluorescens. After spraying either water, 1, 3, or 5% acetic, lactic, or citric acids at 24°C, tissues were incubated for 24 h at 4°C and bacterial populations enumerated. Statistical analyses of the data indicated that acid type was not a significant treatment factor (p ≥ = 0.05); however, concentration, tissue type, and bacterial strain were significant (p ≤ = 0.0001) factors that influenced the reduction of bacterial populations on lean or adipose tissue. Of the concentrations tested on lean tissue, spray treatments with 5% were the most effective for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 or P. fluorescens. Differences in the resistances of the E. coli O157:H7 strains to acid washing also were observed. The magnitude of bacterial population reductions was consistently greater on adipose versus lean tissue for all bacterial strains. Surface pH data indicated that reductions of bacterial populations may have been due to the effects of acidic pH. This study demonstrates that, while organic acids did reduce populations of E. coli O157:H7 on red meat, treatments did not completely inactivate the pathogen.

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