scholarly journals A Review of the Effect of Formic Acid and Its Salts on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Performance of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Luise ◽  
Federico Correa ◽  
Paolo Bosi ◽  
Paolo Trevisi
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ph ◽  
Mineral Utilization ◽  
And Performance

Out of the alternatives to antibiotics and zinc oxide, organic acids, or simply acidifiers, play significant roles, especially in ensuring gut health and the growth performance of pigs. Regarding acidifiers, formic acid and its salts have shown very promising results in weaning, growing and finishing pigs. Although it is known that the main mechanisms by which acidifiers can improve livestock performance and health are related to the regulation of gastrointestinal pH, an improvement in intestinal digestibility and mineral utilization, and their antimicrobial properties against specific pathogens has been observed, while poor consensus remains in relation to the effect of acidifers on bacteria and the complex microbiome. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the effects of formic acid and its salts on the performance and the gastrointestinal microbiota balance of pigs.

Microbial sensing in the pig gut: Effect of diet independent and diet-dependent factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Wellington ◽  
Atta K Agyekum ◽  
Andrew G. Van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
And Performance

There is considerable agreement that the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to the performance and health of the neonate and this relationship includes an ability of the host animal to “sense” changes in the microbial community. Identifying the mechanisms used by the host to sense microbiota is one approach to developing methods to manipulate the microbiota to improve pig health and performance. Diet independent microbial products are molecules unique to the microbial community and sensed by host pattern recognition receptors stimulating inflammation. Common among all members of the microbial community, their presence is unaffected by diet but the nature of the response does depends on factors affecting the microenvironment in which the molecule is detected. Diet-dependent microbial products arise as products of fermentation of dietary components and include short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, phenols, H2S, amines, and many other compounds. A plethora of sensing mechanisms exists that include enzymatic metabolism as well as membrane receptors that have evolved to respond to microbial products (e.g. short-chain fatty acid receptors), or simply cross-react with microbial products. This review focuses on host mechanisms used to sense the intestinal microbiota and attempts to establish practical considerations for neonatal gut health based on current understanding.

EFFECTS OF MEMBRANE FABRICATION CONDITIONS TOWARDS THE PERFORMANCE OF NANOPARTICLES-INCORPORATED MEMBRANES

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Tao Chung ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Membrane Structure And Performance

The development of nanoparticles-incorporated membranes is one of the recent techniques in improving membrane qualities in terms of fouling propensity. In this study, Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been selected as the nanoparticles to be embedded in membranes due to its excellent antifouling and antimicrobial properties. Several parameters such as polymer percentage and bath temperature were studied during the membrane fabrication process via phase inversion technique. The effects of each parameter towards the membrane structure and performance were significant in producing good membranes. When the polymer percentage increased from 16wt% to 20wt%, the permeability decreased from 6.9 to 3.9 L.m-2.hr-1.bar-1 and humic acid rejection increased from 78% to 95%. On the other hand, the coagulation temperature increment will lead to increment of permeability from 2 to 4 L.m-2.hr-1.bar-1 but gave rejection from 93% to 96% at 15oC to 25oC, and 86% at temperature of 35oC.In conclusion, the optimum condition for nanoparticles-incorporated membranes fabrication was shown at 20% of PSF at 25oC.

The Safety and Antimicrobial Properties of Stabilized Hypochlorous Acid in Acetic Acid Buffer for the Treatment of Acute Wounds—a Human Pilot Study and In Vitro Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110156
Author(s):  
Ewa A. Burian ◽  
Lubna Sabah ◽  
Klaus Kirketerp-Møller ◽  
Elin Ibstedt ◽  
Magnus M. Fazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Wound Irrigation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Acute wounds may require cleansing to reduce the risk of infection. Stabilized hypochlorous acid in acetic buffer (HOCl + buffer) is a novel wound irrigation solution with antimicrobial properties. We performed a first-in-man, prospective, open-label pilot study to document preliminary safety and performance in the treatment of acute wounds. The study enrolled 12 subjects scheduled for a split-skin graft transplantation, where the donor site was used as a model of an acute wound. The treatment time was 75 s, given on 6 occasions. A total of 7 adverse events were regarded as related to the treatment; all registered as pain during the procedure for 2 subjects. One subject had a wound infection at the donor site. The mean colony-forming unit (CFU) decreased by 41% after the treatment, and the mean epithelialization was 96% on both days 14 (standard deviation [SD] 8%) and 21 (SD 10%). The study provides preliminary support for the safety, well-tolerance, and efficacy of HOCl + buffer for acute wounds. The pain was frequent although resolved quickly. Excellent wound healing and satisfying antimicrobial properties were observed. A subsequent in vitro biofilm study also indicated good antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 96% mean reduction of CFU, when used for a treatment duration of 15 min ( P < .0001), and a 50% decrease for Staphylococcus aureus ( P = .1010). Future larger studies are needed to evaluate the safety and performance of HOCl + buffer in acute wounds, including the promising antimicrobial effect by prolonged treatment on bacterial biofilms.

scholarly journals Elicitation of Stress-Induced Phenolic Metabolites for Antimicrobial Applications against Foodborne Human Bacterial Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ashish Christopher ◽  
Dipayan Sarkar ◽  
Kalidas Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Specific Objective

Foodborne bacterial pathogens in consumed foods are major food safety concerns worldwide, leading to serious illness and even death. An exciting strategy is to use novel phenolic compounds against bacterial pathogens based on recruiting the inducible metabolic responses of plant endogenous protective defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Such stress-inducible phenolic metabolites have high potential to reduce bacterial contamination, and particularly improve safety of plant foods. The stimulation of plant protective response by inducing biosynthesis of stress-inducible phenolics with antimicrobial properties is among the safe and effective strategies that can be targeted for plant food safety and human gut health benefits. Metabolically driven elicitation with physical, chemical, and microbial elicitors has shown significant improvement in the biosynthesis of phenolic metabolites with antimicrobial properties in food and medicinal plants. Using the above rationale, this review focuses on current advances and relevance of metabolically driven elicitation strategies to enhance antimicrobial phenolics in plant food models for bacterial-linked food safety applications. Additionally, the specific objective of this review is to explore the potential role of redox-linked pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) regulation for enhancing biosynthesis of stress-inducible antibacterial phenolics in elicited plants, which are relevant for wider food safety and human health benefits.

Effect of Calcination on the Basic Strength of Surface Modified Nano-Zinc Oxide Characterised by FTIR and Back Titration Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Kamaluddeen Suleiman Kabo
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Nano Zinc Oxide ◽  
Back Titration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nano Zinc ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Heterogeneous Base ◽  
Basic Strength

The use of metal oxides in heterogeneous base catalysis has gained a large interest due to their application in many chemical and industrial processes and is environmental friendly. Basic metal oxides are commonly used and their structures, morphology and performance can be modified by method of preparation and thermal activation. In this study, surface modified amphoteric zinc oxide was prepared via hydration-dehydration method and characterised by TGA and FTIR. The basic strength at various temperatures is characterised by FTIR and back titration analyses. The results shows that surface modified zinc oxide has the highest basic strength of 1.453mmolg-1at 400°C making it a relatively good and suitable compound for use in heterogeneous basic catalysis. This result is also supported by FTIR spectra which show possible relationship between the Lewis O2-and increasing basic strength.

Effects of Feeding Systems on Social and Feeding Behavior and Performance of Finishing Pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vargas Vargas ◽  
J. V. Craig ◽  
R. H. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feeding Systems

scholarly journals Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
H. O. Uzegbu ◽  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke ◽  
B. I. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

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