scholarly journals Correction: Salazar-Cubillas, K.C.; Dickhoefer, U. Evaluating the Protein Value of Fresh Tropical Forage Grasses and Forage Legumes Using In Vitro and Chemical Fractionation Methods. Animals 2021, 11, 2853

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Khaterine C. Salazar-Cubillas ◽  
Uta Dickhoefer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Tropical Forage

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [...]

scholarly journals Evaluating the Protein Value of Fresh Tropical Forage Grasses and Forage Legumes Using In Vitro and Chemical Fractionation Methods

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2853
Author(s):  
Khaterine C. Salazar-Cubillas ◽  
Uta Dickhoefer
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Tropical Forage

The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the adequacy of the in vitro and chemical methods to predict post-ruminal crude protein supply (PRCP) from fresh tropical forage, and (2) to identify PRCP supply predictors. Twenty-three fresh forage grasses and 15 forage legumes commonly used in domestic cattle feeding in the tropics and subtropics were incubated in the rumen of cows to determine ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation. The PRCP supply was calculated from in situ rumen-undegraded CP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (i.e., reference method), from ammonia-nitrogen release during in vitro incubation (i.e., in vitro method), and from the concentrations of chemical CP fractions (i.e., chemical method). The adequacy was evaluated using error-index and dimensionless parameters, and stepwise regression was used to select PRCP predictors. Adequacy ranged from poor to moderate (0.53 to 0.74) for the in vitro method being lower for forage legumes at a slow rumen passage rate (0.20), and even poorer (0.02 to 0.13) for the chemical method. Hence, the in vitro method can estimate PRCP supply in tropical forages with moderate to high but not with slow passage rates. Equations developed in the present study appear to predict PRCP supply with reasonable adequacy.

Non-starch polysaccharide composition and in vitro fermentability of tropical forage legumes varying in phenolic content

1995 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette C. Longland ◽  
Michael K. Theodorou ◽  
Ruth Sanderson ◽  
Susan J. Lister ◽  
Ciaran J. Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Polysaccharide Composition

scholarly journals Fibrous Carbohydrate Fractions and in Vitro True and Apparent Digestibility of 10 Tropical Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
J. Coward-Lord ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
O. García-Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tropical Climates

Ten tropical forage grasses (Pangola, Digitaria decumbens; Congo, Brachiaria ruziziensis; Signal, Brachiaria brizantha; Buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris; Guinea, Panicum maximum; Jaragua, Hyparrhenia rufa; Giant Pangola, Digitaria valida; African Crab, Digitaria swazilandensis; Venezuelan Elephant, Pennisetum setosum; and Limpo, Hemarthria altissima) lightly fertilized with NH4NO3 at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) every 30 days up to 180 days of age, beginning August 20, 1970, at the College of Agricultural Sciences grass collection, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. They were evaluated chemically for cell-wall constituents or neutraldetergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), permanganate lignin (L), cellulose (C) and silica (Si), as outlined by Goering and Van Soest and for in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), utilizing the Goering and Van Soest modification of the Tilley and Terry procedure. Hemicellulose (H) was determined as the difference between NDF and ADF. Statistical analyses of variance were conducted. Highly significant differences in NDF, ADF, H, L, L/ADF, C, and Si contents were observed between species. IVTD and in vitro apparent digestibility (IVAD) also revealed highly significant differences between species. Guinea and Buffel grasses exhibited the highest mean values in NDF and ADF contents but the lowest in IVTD and IVAD, suggesting that, as total fiber and lignocellulose contents increase, digestibility decreases. Similar trends were observed in other species. Highest mean values were obtained in Guinea grass for C, in Jaragua grass for Si and in Limpo grass for L and H. As the grasses advanced in maturity from 30 to 180 days, NDF, ADF, L, L/ADF, C and Si revealed highly significant increases while IVTD and IVAD revealed highly significant decreases with HC remaining almost constant throughout. The largest increase in NDF, ADF, L and C contents and the largest decrease in IVTD and IVAD evaluations occurred between the 30- and 60-day intervals, probably due to the high environmental temperature and high transpiration causing early onset of lignification and silicification in tropical climates. Pangola grass underwent little change in nutritive value as compared to other species. Evidence is presented that fibrous fractions and IVTD evaluations of all species compared favorably among themselves and that all fibrous fractions (except H) and IVTD differed significantly with plant age.

In Vitro Fermentation of the Non-Starch Polysaccahride Fraction of Tropical Forage Legumes

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
R.D. Pilgrim ◽  
J. Thorpe ◽  
S.J. Lister ◽  
P. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Acacia Cyanophylla ◽  
Tropical Forage

The fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharides; NSP) of tropical forage legumes is a potentially important source of dietary energy. Such legumes, however often contain tannins which can reduce the fermentability of the NSP fraction. In this study, the monosaccharide composition and in vitro digestibility of the NSP fraction of eleven tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content, were investigated.Milled, lyophilised leaves of 5 species of forage legume from Ethiopia, Sesbania goetzei (SG), Sesbania sesban (SS) Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia cyanophylla (AC), Chamaecytisus palmensis (CP)) and six from Colombia, Calliandra sp. 29400 (C), Dioclea guianensis (DG), Flemingia macrophylla 77409 (FM) Tadehagi sp. 23227 (T23), 13269 (T69) and 13275 (T75)) were used. One gram samples were fermented at 39°C for 7 d under anaerobic conditions in modified Van Soest medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid (5 replicates per species). At the end of the fermentation period, residues were filtered, washed with distilled water and lyophilised. The NSP content and composition of the original samples and their residues were determined by the method of Englyst and Cummings (1984). The bound, soluble and total condensed tannin contents of the original samples were determined by the method of Terrill et al. (1992).

Strains of Bradyrhizobium From Tropical Forage Legumes Inhibit Rhizoctonia-Solani Ag-1 in-Vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kelemu ◽  
RJ Thomas ◽  
CX Moreno ◽  
GI Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Tropical Forage

In vitro regeneration from leaf-base segments in three genotypes of Urochloa spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diliane Harumi Yaguinuma ◽  
Luciana Midori Takamori ◽  
Adriana Mendonça de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Gonzaga Esteves Vieira ◽  
Alessandra Ferreira Ribas
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
The Media

The key agricultural species of Urochloa P.Beauv. (signal grass), important as tropical forage grasses, are characterised by asexual seed formation (apomixis), and this presents a challenge for breeding programs. Biotechnological approaches could be an option to develop improved cultivars. We evaluated the regenerative potential from three commercial genotypes, U. brizantha cv. Marandu, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk and U. ruziziensis cv. Ruziziensis, by using leaf-base segments as explants. We tested two auxins (2,4-D and picloram) and one cytokinin (TDZ) at four concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L–1). Seeds were scarified, peeled and disinfected before inoculation on half-strength MS media in the dark for 14 days. Leaf-base explants were sectioned in thin slices and inoculated into the media. We analysed the number of primary calluses, number of calluses with shoots clusters and the average of regenerated plants. The lowest concentration of auxins tested (1 mg L–1) yielded the highest number of regenerated plants for Marandú and Basilisk, whereas the optimum for Ruziziensis was 2 mg L–1. Medium with higher concentrations of TDZ (4 mg L–1) was required to produce high frequency of plants for all genotypes. Explants cultured on media with TDZ produced very few calluses. These results indicate that the auxins and cytokinin tested can induce plant regeneration from Urochloa leaf-base segments, and may be used to produce transgenic plants in genetic transformation studies.

The Ability of Polyethylene Glycol to Enhance the Digestion of Tropical Forage Legumes of Varying Tannin Content

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
S.J. Listerl ◽  
P. Morris ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Fibre Fraction

Condensed tannins have been implicated in reducing the nutritive value of potentially important feedstuffs, largely through reducing protein and fibre digestion. Tannins can mediate their effects directly by binding to the protein or fibre fraction rendering them resistant to digestion, or indirectly by binding with digestive enzymes, preventing their catalytic action. These adverse effects of tannins, however, can be mitigated by the use of agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) which form complexes with condensed tannins rendering them less effective as protein and fibre-binding agents. In this study, the effects of polyethylene glycol on (a) the in vitro fermentability and (b) the digestibility of the fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharide; NSP) of leaves of six tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content was investigated.The species used, chosen for their varying tannin contents, were Sesbania goetzei (SG), S. seban (SS), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Dioclea guianensis (DG) Calliandra sp. (C) and Tadehagi sp. (T23).

Relationship Between Polyphenolics and the in Vitro Fermentability of Tropical Forage Legumes

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
C Powell ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Gas Tight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eleven Species

Forage legumes are a potentially important source of dietary energy and protein for ruminants in the tropics. However, the nutritive value of such legumes can be depressed by their polyphenolic content. The effects of these compounds include inhibition of fermentation in the rumen and complexing with enzymes, dietary protein and fibre.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the total polyphenolic (TP), total condensed tannin (TCT), bound condensed tannin (BCT) and soluble condensed tannin (SCT) contents of forage legumes and their fermentability in vitro.Leaf samples from eleven species of tropical forage legume were collected from Colombia (six species) and Ethiopia (five species). Lyophilised, milled samples of each of the eleven species (1 g x 5 replicates) were placed in gas-tight culture bottles containing an anaerobic medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid. The cultures were incubated under anaerobic conditions for a total of 7 d h at 39°C.

scholarly journals Relationship between chemical components, bacterial adherence and in vitro fermentation of tropical forage legumes

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Fluck ◽  
Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski ◽  
Andressa Ana Martins ◽  
Mariana Patricia Mezzomo ◽  
Filipe Zanferari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Forage

Inclusion of forage legumes in diet may improve tropical ruminant systems productivity and sustainability. However, it is not well stablished which chemical components more impact their nutritional value. The relationship between chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of tropical forage legume was evaluated with the objective of obtaining indicators of their nutritional value. Samples of Crotalaria spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Macrotyloma axillare, Mucuna aterrina, Stylosantis sp. and Canavalia ensiformis, cut from plants at growth age between 47 to 110 days, were analysed. Total gas production showed negative correlation (P<0.05) with total N (R=-0.51), acid detergent fibre (ADF, R=-0.62) and acid detergent lignin (ADL, R=-0.65), and positive correlation with non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC, R=0.70). Gas production rate was negatively related (P<0.05) to NDF (R=-0.73), ADF (R=-0.62) and ADL (R=-0.74). Ammonia concentration in the incubation medium was positively related (P<0.05) to total (R=0.74) and soluble (R=0.56) N, and negatively related to NFC (R=-0.81). The level of bacterial adhesion on residue of incubation was negatively related (P<0.05) to cell wall components, mainly to ADL (R=-0.57). The inclusion of polyehtylene glycol increased both gas volume and gas production rate whereas decreased ammonia concentration (P<0.05). In conclusion, even at low concentrations tannins impact the in vitro fermentation of tropical legumes. However, among the analyzed chemical components, the ADL was the best indicator of the nutritional value of the tropical forage legumes.

In vitro degradability of mature and immature leaves of tropical forage legumes differing in condensed tannin and non-starch polysaccharide content and composition

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1256-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando Barahona ◽  
Carlos E Lascano ◽  
Nelmy Narvaez ◽  
Emir Owen ◽  
Phillip Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
Tropical Forage
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