scholarly journals De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Thermal Adaptation Mechanisms in the Cicada Hyalessa fuscata

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2785
Author(s):  
Hoa Quynh Nguyen ◽  
Yuseob Kim ◽  
Yikweon Jang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

In metropolitan Seoul, populations of the cicada Hyalessa fuscata in hotter urban heat islands (“high UHIs”) exhibit higher thermal tolerance than those in cooler UHIs (“low UHIs”). We hypothesized that heat stress may activate the expression of genes that facilitate greater thermal tolerance in high-UHI cicadas than in those from cooler areas. Differences in the transcriptomes of adult female cicadas from high-UHI, low-UHI, and suburban areas were analyzed at the unheated level, after acute heat stress, and after heat torpor. No noticeable differences in unheated gene expression patterns were observed. After 10 min of acute heat stress, however, low-UHI and suburban cicadas expressed more heat shock protein genes than high-UHI counterparts. More specifically, remarkable changes in the gene expression of cicadas across areas were observed after heat torpor stimulus, as represented by a large number of up- and downregulated genes in the heat torpor groups compared with the 10 min acute heat stress and control groups. High-UHI cicadas expressed the most differentially expressed genes, followed by the low-UHI and suburban cicadas. There was a notable increase in the expression of heat shock, metabolism, and detoxification genes; meanwhile, immune-related, signal transduction, and protein turnover genes were downregulated in high-UHI cicadas versus the other cicada groups. These results suggested that under heat stress, cicadas inhabiting high-UHIs could rapidly express genes related to heat shock, energy metabolism, and detoxification to protect cells from stress-induced damage and to increase their thermal tolerance toward heat stress. The downregulation of apoptosis mechanisms in high-UHI cicadas suggested that there was less cellular damage, which likely contributed to their high tolerance of heat stress.

scholarly journals Heat shock modulates the expression of sirtuins and var genes in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Anagu ◽  
David Hulse ◽  
Srabasti Chakravorty ◽  
Paul Horrocks ◽  
Catherine Jill Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Human Host

Abstract Background: In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum the expression of key ‘var’ virulence genes is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Two deacetylase enzymes of the sirtuin family have been implicated in this epigenetic control in laboratory-adapted parasites. A previous study of var gene expression in parasites isolated directly from Gambian malaria patients found that high expression levels of severe-disease-associated var variants correlated with high expression of the PfSir2A sirtuin, and these expression patterns also correlated with patient phenotypes of fever and hyperlactataemia. Together, the observations suggest a mechanism through which stress phenotypes in the human host might be sensed via a parasite sirtuin, and virulence gene expression modulated accordingly. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted using recently-laboratory-adapted Kenyan isolates of P. falciparum to follow up the correlative findings of the field study. To investigate a potential cause-and-effect relationship between host stress factors and parasite gene expression, RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of sirtuins and var genes after cultured parasites had been exposed to 2h or 6h of heat shock at 40°C or elevated lactate at 5mM.Results: Heat shock was shown to influence the expression of both sirtuins and var genes, whereas exposure to lactate was not. Heat shock in the trophozoite stage resulted in modest upregulation of the expression of sirtuins, particularly PfSir2B, by 2-3 fold in all strains tested. Interestingly, when heat shock was applied in ring stages PfSir2A was still upregulated but PfSir2B was downregulated. This correlated with a general upregulation of ring-stage var transcription, and particularly of severe-disease-associated upsA and upsB var genes, but there was no clear pattern in the dominant var gene(s) ultimately expressed by heat-shocked parasites. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that heat stress in recently-laboratory-adapted patient isolates of P. falciparum results in altered sirtuin expression – PfSir2B as well as PfSir2A – and also the upregulation of var gene expression. These may be strategies evolved by the parasite to survive heat stress when a human host experiences malarial fevers. By contrast, the association between hyperlactataemia and sirtuin/var gene expression that was previously observed in vivo appears to be coincidental rather than causative.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Modulates The Expression of Sirtuins and Var Genes in The Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda O. Anagu ◽  
David R. Hulse ◽  
Srabasti J Chakravorty ◽  
Paul D. Horrocks ◽  
Catherine Jill Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Human Host

Abstract Background: In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum the expression of ‘var’ virulence genes is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Two deacetylase enzymes of the sirtuin family have been implicated in this epigenetic control in laboratory-adapted parasites. A previous study of var gene expression in parasites isolated directly from Gambian malaria patients found that high expression levels of severe-disease-associated var variants correlated with high expression of the PfSir2A sirtuin, and these expression patterns also correlated with patient phenotypes of fever and hyperlactataemia. Together, the observations suggest a mechanism through which stress phenotypes in the human host might be sensed via a parasite sirtuin, and virulence gene expression modulated accordingly. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted using recently-laboratory-adapted Kenyan isolates of P. falciparum to follow up the correlative findings of the field study. To investigate a potential cause-and-effect relationship between host stress factors and parasite gene expression, qPCR was used to measure the expression of sirtuins and var genes after cultured parasites had been exposed to 2h or 6h of heat shock at 40°C or elevated lactate at 5mM.Results: Heat shock was shown to influence the expression of both sirtuins and var genes, whereas exposure to lactate was not. Heat shock in the trophozoite stage resulted in modest upregulation of the expression of sirtuins, particularly PfSir2B, by 2-3 fold in all strains tested. Interestingly, when heat shock was applied in ring stages PfSir2A was still upregulated but PfSir2B was downregulated. This correlated with a general upregulation of ring-stage var transcription, and particularly of severe-disease-associated upsA and upsB var genes, but there was no clear pattern in the dominant var gene(s) ultimately expressed by heat-shocked parasites. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that heat stress in recently-laboratory-adapted isolates of P. falciparum results in altered sirtuin expression – PfSir2B as well as PfSir2A – and also the upregulation of var gene expression. These may be strategies evolved by the parasite to survive heat stress when a human host experiences malarial fevers. By contrast, the association between hyperlactataemia and sirtuin/var gene expression that was previously observed in vivo appears to be coincidental rather than causative.

scholarly journals Acute Heat Stress Induces the Differential Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Different Sections of the Small Intestine of Chickens Based on Exposure Duration

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Hasan Siddiqui ◽  
Darae Kang ◽  
Jinryong Park ◽  
Hyun Woo Choi ◽  
Kwanseob Shim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Shock Proteins

In this study, we examined the protein and gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in different sections of the small intestine of chickens. In total, 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the control and treatment groups. The treatment group was divided into four subgroups, according to the duration of acute heat exposure (3, 6, 12, and 24 h). The influence of heat stress on the protein and gene expression of HSP70, HSP60, and HSP47 in different sections of the small intestine of chickens was determined. The protein expression of HSP70 and HSP60 was significantly higher at 6 h in the duodenum and jejunum and 12 h in the ileum. The HSP47 protein expression was significantly higher at 3 h in the duodenum and ileum and at 6 h in the jejunum. The gene expression levels of HSP70, HSP60, and HSP47 were significantly higher at the 3 h treatment group than the control group in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase levels were significantly higher at 12 and 24 h in the serum of the blood. Acute heat stress affected the expression of intestinal proteins and genes in chickens, until the induction of heat tolerance.

scholarly journals Translational control plays an important role in the adaptive heat-shock response of Streptomyces coelicolor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselda Bucca ◽  
Radhika Pothi ◽  
Andrew Hesketh ◽  
Carla Möller-Levet ◽  
David A. Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractStress-induced adaptations require multiple levels of regulation in all organisms to repair cellular damage. In the present study we evaluated the genome-wide transcriptional and translational changes following heat stress exposure in the soil-dwelling model actinomycete bacterium, Streptomyces coelicolor. The combined analysis revealed an unprecedented level of translational control of gene expression, deduced through polysome profiling, in addition to transcriptional changes. Our data show little correlation between the transcriptome and ‘translatome’; while an obvious downward trend in genome wide transcription was observed, polysome associated transcripts following heat-shock showed an opposite upward trend. A handful of key protein players, including the major molecular chaperones and proteases were highly induced at both the transcriptional and translational level following heat-shock, a phenomenon known as ‘potentiation’. Many other transcripts encoding cold-shock proteins, ABC-transporter systems, multiple transcription factors were more highly polysome-associated following heat stress; interestingly, these protein families were not induced at the transcriptional level and therefore were not previously identified as part of the stress response. Thus, stress coping mechanisms at the level of gene expression in this bacterium go well beyond the induction of a relatively small number of molecular chaperones and proteases in order to ensure cellular survival at non-physiological temperatures.

Insights into the heat-responsive transcriptional network of tomato contrasting genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Sirine Werghi ◽  
Charfeddine Gharsallah ◽  
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj ◽  
Hatem Fakhfakh ◽  
Faten Gorsane
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Resource Data

AbstractDuring recent decades, global warming has intensified, altering crop growth, development and survival. To overcome changes in their environment, plants undergo transcriptional reprogramming to activate stress response strategies/pathways. To evaluate the genetic bases of the response to heat stress, Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP) markers were applied across tomato genome of eight cultivars. Despite scattered genotypes, cluster analysis allowed two neighbouring panels to be discriminate. Tomato CDDP-genotypic and visual phenotypic assortment permitted the selection of two contrasting heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars. Further analysis explored differential expression in transcript levels of genes, encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFs, HsfA1, HsfA2, HsfB1), members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family (HSP101, HSP17, HSP90) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes (APX1, APX2). Based on discriminating CDDP-markers, a protein functional network was built allowing prediction of candidate genes and their regulating miRNA. Expression patterns analysis revealed that miR156d and miR397 were heat-responsive showing a typical inverse relation with the abundance of their target gene transcripts. Heat stress is inducing a set of candidate genes, whose expression seems to be modulated through a complex regulatory network. Integrating genetic resource data is required for identifying valuable tomato genotypes that can be considered in marker-assisted breeding programmes to improve tomato heat tolerance.

scholarly journals Viral Gene Expression Patterns in Human Herpesvirus 6B-Infected T Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 7578-7586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil Øster ◽  
Per Höllsberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
De Novo Protein Synthesis

ABSTRACT Herpesvirus gene expression is divided into immediate-early (IE) or α genes, early (E) or β genes, and late (L) or γ genes on the basis of temporal expression and dependency on other gene products. By using real-time PCR, we have investigated the expression of 35 human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) genes in T cells infected by strain PL-1. Kinetic analysis and dependency on de novo protein synthesis and viral DNA polymerase activity suggest that the HHV-6B genes segregate into six separate kinetic groups. The genes expressed early (groups I and II) and late (groups V and VI) corresponded well with IE and L genes, whereas the intermediate groups III and IV contained E and L genes. Although HHV-6B has characteristics similar to those of other roseoloviruses in its overall gene regulation, we detected three B-variant-specific IE genes. Moreover, genes that were independent of de novo protein synthesis clustered in an area of the viral genome that has the lowest identity to the HHV-6A variant. The organization of IE genes in an area of the genome that differs from that of HHV-6A underscores the distinct differences between HHV-6B and HHV-6A and may provide a basis for further molecular and immunological analyses to elucidate their different biological behaviors.

scholarly journals Ovarian Development and Vitellogenin Gene Expression under Heat Stress in Silkworm,Bombyx mori

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Satinath Paul ◽  
Bela Keshan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Vitellogenin Gene ◽  
Vitellogenin Mrna

The present study observed the effect of heat stress on ovarian development, fecundity, and vitellogenin gene expression in silkworm,Bombyx mori. The result showed that the heat shock treatment to spinning larvae and pupae at 39°C (1 h and 2 h) did not cause any adverse effect on the reproductive performance ofB. mori.However, the heat shock treatment at 42°C or above caused a decrease in the fecundity. The heat shock treatment to day 2 pupae for 2 h at 45°C caused a drastic effect on the development of ovary as measured by gonadosomatic index. The study thus showed that a brief exposure ofBombyxlarvae and pupae to a temperature of 42°C or higher, much prevalent in tropical countries like India, greatly affects the ovarian development and reproductive performance of this commercially important insect. The study further showed a developmental- and tissue-specific expression of vitellogenin mRNA in fat body and ovary upon heat shock. When heat shock treatment was done at 39°C and 42°C to spinning larvae, ovary showed an upregulation in the expression of vitellogenin mRNA, whereas fat body failed to do so. However, at 45°C, both fat body and ovary showed a downregulation. The heat shock treatment to day 2 pupae showed an upregulation in the vitellogenin mRNA expression in both fat body and ovary, even at 45°C. The upregulation in the expression of vitellogenin upon heat shock indicates its role in thermal protection ofBombyxlarvae and pupae.

Allele-Specific Expression and Evolution of Gene Regulation Underlying Acute Heat Stress Response and Local Adaptation in the Copepod Tigriopus californicus

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-547
Author(s):  
Sumaetee Tangwancharoen ◽  
Brice X Semmens ◽  
Ronald S Burton
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Allele Specific

Abstract Geographic variation in environmental temperature can select for local adaptation among conspecific populations. Divergence in gene expression across the transcriptome is a key mechanism for evolution of local thermal adaptation in many systems, yet the genetic mechanisms underlying this regulatory evolution remain poorly understood. Here we examine gene expression in 2 locally adapted Tigriopus californicus populations (heat tolerant San Diego, SD, and less tolerant Santa Cruz, SC) and their F1 hybrids during acute heat stress response. Allele-specific expression (ASE) in F1 hybrids was used to determine cis-regulatory divergence. We found that the number of genes showing significant allelic imbalance increased under heat stress compared to unstressed controls. This suggests that there is significant population divergence in cis-regulatory elements underlying heat stress response. Specifically, the number of genes showing an excess of transcripts from the more thermal tolerant (SD) population increased with heat stress while that number of genes with an SC excess was similar in both treatments. Inheritance patterns of gene expression also revealed that genes displaying SD-dominant expression phenotypes increase in number in response to heat stress; that is, across loci, gene expression in F1’s following heat stress showed more similarity to SD than SC, a pattern that was absent in the control treatment. The observed patterns of ASE and inheritance of gene expression provide insight into the complex processes underlying local adaptation and thermal stress response.

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