scholarly journals Supplementary Tryptophan Fed to Sows Prior to and after Farrowing to Improve Piglet Growth and Survival

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2540
Author(s):  
Amy L. Munn ◽  
Alice C. Weaver ◽  
William H. E. J. van Wettere
Keyword(s):  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Large White ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
Piglet Survival

Tryptophan indirectly increases plasma calcium levels, which may improve sow health, and melatonin production, which may improve piglet survival when supplemented during late gestation and lactation. It was hypothesised that tryptophan would increase piglet survival and increase sow circulating melatonin and calcium. Seventy-two multiparous (Landrace x Large White) sows were allocated to either control (0.16% tryptophan; n = 24), low tryptophan (0.42%; n = 24) or high tryptophan (0.56%; n = 24). Piglet viability measures consisted of weights, behaviour, meconium staining, rectal temperature, blood glucose and serum immunoglobulin G concentration. Blood samples collected from sows were analysed for melatonin (two daytime and three night-time samples; n = 17) and calcium (two samples pre- and post-farrowing; n = 14). Both tryptophan treatments increased piglet survival compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Tryptophan had no effect on piglet viability (p > 0.05) and no effect on sow plasma melatonin and calcium concentrations compared with the control group (p > 0.05) except at 21:00 when low tryptophan sows had higher melatonin concentration compared with high tryptophan (p = 0.011). Further research to understand the mediating effects of tryptophan (particularly 5-hydroxytryptophan) on piglet survival, including sow behaviour, is warranted.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance and immunity of sows

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Che ◽  
P. Yang ◽  
Z. Fang ◽  
Y. Lin ◽  
D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Large White ◽  
Immunological Parameters

Arginine (Arg) is considered to have beneficial effects on placental development and function, as well as reproductive performance. The well-developed placenta is highly required in late gestation for rapid fetal growth, however, it is unknown if there is a crucial role of Arg in late gestation. Likewise, the immunological response of sows to Arg needs to be determined. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the effects of dietary Arg supplementation on reproductive performance and immunity of sows. At day 30 of gestation, sixty sows (Landrace &times; Large White) were allocated to 3 groups receiving corn and soybean-based control diet (control group, n = 20), control diet supplemented with 1% l-arginine HCl until day 90 of gestation (Arg90 group, n = 20), and control diet supplemented with 1% l-arginine HCl until day 114 of gestation (Arg114 group, n = 20), respectively. Litter performance was recorded at parturition. Blood samples (n = 6) collected at days 30, 90, and 110 of gestation were measured for metabolic and immunological parameters. At parturition, total litter size was not affected by dietary Arg supplementation. As a result of less pigs born dead, however, sows in Arg114 group had more pigs born alive than sows in control group (+1.6 pigs, P &lt; 0.05), total and live litter weights were increased (+1.6~2.1 kg, P &lt; 0.05) in Arg114 group relative to both control and Arg90 groups. Compared with control group, dietary Arg supplementation increased (+12~110%, P &lt; 0.05) plasma levels of ornithine, proline, and arginine at either day 90 (Arg90 and Arg110 groups) or day 110 of gestation (Arg110 group). Moreover, immune response was enhanced in Arg-supplemented sows, as indicated by the increased levels of serum immunoglobulin and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibody. These findings indicate dietary Arg supplementation can improve litter performance and immune response, and the beneficial effect of Arg on fetal growth is evident in late gestation.

SUPPLEMENTAL VALUE OF ASCORBIC ACID DURING LATE GESTATION ON PIGLET SURVIVAL AND EARLY GROWTH

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. CHAVEZ
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Piglet Survival

Twenty-six pregnant sows were included in four different dietary treatments as follows: (1) Control group with no vitamin C supplementation; (2) vitamin-C-supplemented group receiving 1 g/day ascorbic acid provided in a gelatin capsule; or (3) vitamin-C-supplemented group receiving 1 g/day ascorbic acid in a powder form spread on the top of the pelleted meal; (4) as (3) but receiving 10 g/day ascorbic acid. Vitamin-C-supplemented sows in treatments 2 and 4 showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in blood plasma vitamin C prefarrowing. Pregnant sows receiving 10 g/day vitamin C supplement showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of this vitamin in the urine than either control or sows receiving 1 g/day vitamin C supplementation. Sows in treatment 4 showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) vitamin C content in colostrum than control animals. During lactation, no significant difference in vitamin C content in milk was observed between control and animals receiving 10 g/day vitamin C supplement. The vitamin C content in the plasma of the piglets at birth indicated that supplementing vitamin C to the mothers, significantly (P < 0.05) increased the concentration of this vitamin in the newborn piglet compared to control animals. However, the piglet survival and growth up to weaning at 3 wk of age was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin C supplementation of the mothers' diet. Key words: Ascorbic acid, gestation, piglet survival, Vitamin C

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Oregano Essential Oil to Sows on Oxidative Stress Status, Lactation Feed Intake of Sows, and Piglet Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengquan Tan ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
Haiqing Sun ◽  
Jiangtao Ao ◽  
Guang Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status

Fifty-four multiparous large white sows were used to determine the effects of supplementing oregano essential oil (OEO) to the gestation and lactation diets on oxidative stress status, lactation feed intake, and their piglet performance. Two groups were fed diets with (OEO;n=28) or without (Control;n=26) supplemental 15 mg/kg OEO during gestation and lactation. The serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P<0.05), 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (P<0.05), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P<0.05) were higher during gestation (days 90 and 109) and lactation (days 1 and 3) than in early gestation (day 10). Compared with the control group, the OEO diet significantly reduced sows’ serum concentrations of 8-OHdG (P<0.05) and TBARS (P<0.01) on day 1 of lactation. The OEO diet increased the sows’ counts of faecallactobacillus(P<0.001) while reducingEscherichia coli(P<0.001) andEnterococcus(P<0.001). In the third week of lactation the treatment tended to increase sow’s feed intake (P=0.07), which resulted in higher average daily gain (P<0.01) of piglets. Our results demonstrated that there is an increased systemic oxidative stress during late gestation and early lactation of sows. The OEO supplementation to sows’ diet improved performance of their piglets, which may be attributed to the reduced oxidative stress.

COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE REGULATIES OF FAT DEPOSIT IN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF TRUNK OF YOUNG PIGS OF THE LARGE WHITE AND MYRGOROD BREEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
I. V. Khatko ◽  
A. O. Onyshchenko ◽  
V. O. Vovk ◽  
T. M. Konks
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Parts

The modern state of social-economic processes development demands increasing the level of food safety of the state, especially providing population by the high quality foods of domestic production, specifically by pork. One of criteria for estimating pigs' meatness is determining the fat thickness in different points of a trunk. The informative content of measuring in different parts of a trunk is different and it needs detailed study. The fat thickness is the most common as trait for pigs' meatness in the practice of pig breeding because it has high correlation with meat yield in carcasses. The aim of our research was the comparative study of fat deposition regularities in different parts of a trunk of Large White and Mirgorod pigs in different age periods. For conducting researches 24 pigs of both breeds with average live weight about 40 kg and at age not more 4 months were selected. The fat thickness was measured at live animals using ultrasonic device Draminski in such points: on withers, the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and sacrum. Measuring the fat thickness was carried out at the age of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 months. During researches it was carried out the statistical processing of obtained material. Reliability of obtained indexes of productivity was determined. Regularities of formatting fat thickness and fat deposition rate depending on the age were studied. For the results of researches it has been studied and compared economically valuable traits of the most spread domestic pigs of Large White and Mirgorod breeds. By comparative study of growth and development of young pigs of experimental and control groups it has been found that animals of Large White breed differed by lesser fat deposits in all points of measuring. Thus, at 6-months’ age they had lesser thickness of fat in all parts of a trunk. More expressed tendency was at withers and the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, at that in the first case the difference between groups was reliable (p < 0.01). The fat deposition rate in young pigs of both breeds was not the same in different points of measuring along a trunk. Above mentioned tendencies were intensified with the age. Purebred animals of intrabreed type LW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers (p < 0.01), at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra (p < 0.05) and on sacrum (p < 0.01). In future, according to economic and scientific expediency, the animals of Mirgorod breed were excluded from the experiment. Concerning Large White breed, the researches were finished when animals were at 8 months’ age. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed. The highest relative rate of fat thickness increase in both breeds was observed at the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra. By statistical processing of the obtained materials it has been found that the difference of average arithmetical indexes (as absolute and relative) between the experimental and control groups during growth and development had distinct tendency to increasing in all points of measuring. The reliability of the difference between the averages in groups with the age of animals increased. A higher reliability of data was obtained at measuring of the front parts of a trunk of pigs at the level of the 6th-7th thoracic vertebra and on withers. The carried out researches at all points of measuring give the reason to confirm that the fat deposits of Large White pigs are less comparing to Mirgorod breed. Conclusions. 1. Carcasses of animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 are comparatively more technologically suitable and economically beneficial for agricultural proceeding industry. 2. Animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers, at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and on sacrum. 3. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed.

scholarly journals Exploratory field study on the effects of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) sow vaccination at different physiological stages mimicking blanket vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pleguezuelos ◽  
Marina Sibila ◽  
Raúl Cuadrado ◽  
Rosa López-Jiménez ◽  
Diego Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

Abstract Background The objective of the present study was to explore the benefits of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) blanket vaccination in a sow herd on productive parameters, PCV-2 infection and immune status in sows and their progeny. For this purpose, 288 sows were distributed among four balanced experimental groups. One group remained as negative control group and the other three received 1 mL of PCV-2 Ingelvac Circoflex® intramuscularly at different productive cycle moments: before mating, mid gestation (42–49 days post-insemination) or late gestation (86–93 days post-insemination); phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used as negative control item. Reproductive parameters from sows during gestation and body weight of their progeny from birth to weaning were recorded. Additionally, blood was collected from sows at each vaccination time and piglets at 3 weeks of age. Moreover, up to 4 placental umbilical cords (PUC) per sow were taken at peri-partum. Sera from sows and piglets were analysed for PCV-2 antibody detection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from sows and PUC were tested to quantify viraemia using a real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Results Globally, results indicated that vaccinated sows showed heavier piglets at birth and at weaning, less cross-fostered piglets, lower viral load at farrowing as well as in PUC, and higher antibody levels at farrowing, compared to non-vaccinated ones. When all groups were compared among them, sows vaccinated at mid or late gestation had heavier piglets at birth than non-vaccinated sows, and lower proportion of PCV-2 positive PUC. Also, cross-fostering was less frequently practiced in sows vaccinated at pre-mating or mid gestation compared to non-vaccinated ones. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study points out that PCV-2 sow vaccination at different time points of their physiological status (mimicking blanket vaccination) offers benefits at production and serological and virological levels.

scholarly journals Effects of Feed Mixed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Supplied to the Water on the Growth and Survival Rate of White Leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Infected with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease Caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Linh Nguyen Thi Truc ◽  
Tuu Nguyen Thanh ◽  
To Tran Thi Hong ◽  
Day Pham Van ◽  
Minh Vo Thi Tuyet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Shrimp Health

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, survival rate, and resistance to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus mixed with feed, and at the same time supplying CNP in a ratio of 15:1:0.1 to the water. As a result, the treatments that shrimp were fed with feed containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially L. plantarum, have increased shrimp growth, total hemocyte cells, granulocyte cells, and hyaline cells significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. The supply of CNP to the water has promoted the intensity of V. parahaemolyticus effects on shrimp health and significantly decreased total hemocyte cells, granulocyte cells, and hyaline cells by 30–50% in the period after three days of the challenge, except in L. plantarum treatment, which had only a 20% decrease compared to other treatments. In CNP supplying treatments, the AHPND infected rate and mortality of shrimp were higher than those in other treatments. In summary, the supply of CNP had significantly reduced the shrimp’s immune response and promoted the susceptibility of shrimp to AHPND in both cases of use with and without LAB-containing diets.

scholarly journals Clinical and cost effectiveness of arthritis gloves in rheumatoid arthritis (A-GLOVES): randomised controlled trial with economic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Hammond ◽  
Yeliz Prior ◽  
Sarah Cotterill ◽  
Chris Sutton ◽  
Elizabeth Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Hand Pain ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Arthritis (or compression) gloves are widely prescribed to people with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of hand arthritis. They are prescribed for daytime wear to reduce hand pain and improve hand function, and/or night-time wear to reduce pain, improve sleep and reduce morning stiffness. However, evidence for their effectiveness is limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical and cost effectiveness of arthritis gloves compared to placebo gloves on hand pain, stiffness and function in people with rheumatoid arthritis and persistent hand pain. Methods A parallel randomised controlled trial, in adults (≥ 18 years) with rheumatoid or undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis at 16 National Health Service sites in the UK. Patients with persistent hand pain affecting function and/or sleep were eligible. Randomisation (1:1) was stratified by recent change (or not) in medication, using permuted blocks of random sizes. Three-quarter-finger length arthritis gloves (Isotoner®: applying 23-32 mmHg pressure) (intervention) were compared to loose-fitting placebo gloves (Jobskin® classic: providing no/minimal pressure) (control). Both gloves (considered to have similar thermal qualities) were provided by occupational therapists. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded; clinicians were not. The primary outcome was dominant hand pain on activity (0–10) at 12 weeks, analysed using linear regression and intention to treat principles. Results Two hundred six participants were randomly assigned (103 per arm) and 163 (84 intervention: 79 control) completed 12-week follow-up. Hand pain improved by 1.0 (intervention) and 1.2 (control), an adjusted mean difference of 0.10 (95% CI: − 0.47 to 0.67; p = 0.72). Adverse events were reported by 51% of intervention and 36% of control group participants; with 6 and 7% respectively, discontinuing glove wear. Provision of arthritis gloves cost £129, with no additional benefit. Conclusion The trial provides evidence of no clinically important effect of arthritis gloves on any of the trial outcomes (hand pain, function and stiffness) and arthritis gloves are not cost-effective. The clinical and cost-effectiveness results support ceasing provision of arthritis gloves in routine clinical practice. Funding: National Institute for Health Research. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN25892131; Registered 05/09/2016: retrospectively registered.

Incidence of Lower Second Permanent Molar Impaction

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Evans
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

The incidence of lower second molar impaction was investigated, comparing the records of two samples of 200 orthodontic patients referred consecutively, in 1976 and 1986. A further study compared 50 cases showing both bilateral and unilateral impactions, with a non-impacted control group. This allowed possible causes of the impactions to be examined, particularly concerning the effect of premature loss of deciduous teeth on the distribution of crowding.

scholarly journals Flipping the Script: Measuring Both Performance Validity and Cognitive Ability with the Forced Choice Recognition Trial of the RCFT

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110197
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Abeare ◽  
Kristoffer Romero ◽  
Laura Cutler ◽  
Christina D. Sirianni ◽  
Laszlo A. Erdodi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Two Samples

In this study we attempted to replicate the classification accuracy of the newly introduced Forced Choice Recognition trial (FCR) of the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) in a clinical sample. We administered the RCFT FCR and the earlier Yes/No Recognition trial from the RCFT to 52 clinically referred patients as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and incentivized a separate control group of 83 university students to perform well on these measures. We then computed the classification accuracies of both measures against criterion performance validity tests (PVTs) and compared results between the two samples. At previously published validity cutoffs (≤16 & ≤17), the RCFT FCR remained specific (.84–1.00) to psychometrically defined non-credible responding. Simultaneously, the RCFT FCR was more sensitive to examinees’ natural variability in visual-perceptual and verbal memory skills than the Yes/No Recognition trial. Even after being reduced to a seven-point scale (18-24) by the validity cutoffs, both RCFT recognition scores continued to provide clinically useful information on visual memory. This is the first study to validate the RCFT FCR as a PVT in a clinical sample. Our data also support its use for measuring cognitive ability. Replication studies with more diverse samples and different criterion measures are still needed before large-scale clinical application of this scale.

145 Effect of Substandard Teats on Piglet and Sow Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
Mark Knauer ◽  
Zack Peppmeier
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Large White ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Piglet Survival

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate sow teat quality in relation to subsequent reproductive throughput. Data included one cohort of 42 Landrace × Large White second parity maternal line sows at the Tidewater Research Station (Plymouth, NC). Functional teats (FUNCTIONAL) were classified pre-farrow as acceptable (ACCEPTABLE) or substandard (SUBSTANDARD). Teats were categorized as SUBSTANDARD when teat size was ≤75% of ACCEPTABLE. At day 20 of lactation, ACCEPTABLE and SUBSTANDARD were assessed for the presence of a swollen mammary gland and piglets observed nursing SUBSTANDARD were recorded (24 piglets from 15 litters). Means for FUNCTIONAL, ACCEPTABLE and SUBSTANDARD were 15.07, 13.59 and 1.48 teats, respectively. Biological dam traits included birth weight (BWT), total number born (TNB), litter size at weaning (LSW) and piglet survival (LSW/TNB). Weaning weight (WWT) was considered a trait of the nurse dam. Means for TNB, LSW, litter BWT and litter WWT were 13.4, 10.9, 17.8 kg and 57.8 kg, respectively. Data was analyzed using a chi-square test for binary traits and linear mixed models for continuous traits. At weaning, a greater (P &lt; 0.01) proportion of ACCEPTABLE had a functional mammary gland when compared to SUBSTANDARD (76 vs. 47%). Within litters, piglets nursing SUBSTANDARD tended (em&gt;P = 0.09) to be 158 grams lighter at weaning in comparison to ACCEPTABLE. Yet BWT of SUBSTANDARD piglets did not differ (em&gt;P = 0.60) from piglets nursing ACCEPTABLE. Across litters, an increase in one SUBSTANDARD tended (em&gt;P = 0.07) to reduce litter WWT by 1.74 kilograms. An increase in one SUBSTANDARD tended (em&gt;P &lt; 0.07) to increase piglet survival by 3.5%. Results suggest substandard teats, identified pre-farrow, are less likely to have a functional mammary gland at weaning, impair piglet quality yet may enhance piglet survival.

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