scholarly journals Adaptation of Livestock to New Diets Using Feed Components without Competition with Human Edible Protein Sources—A Review of the Possibilities and Recommendations

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Marinus F.W. te Pas ◽  
Teun Veldkamp ◽  
Yvette de Haas ◽  
André Bannink ◽  
Esther D. Ellen
Keyword(s):  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Protein Feed ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Edible Protein ◽  
Novel Protein

Livestock feed encompasses both human edible and human inedible components. Human edible feed components may become less available for livestock. Especially for proteins, this calls for action. This review focuses on using alternative protein sources in feed and protein efficiency, the expected problems, and how these problems could be solved. Breeding for higher protein efficiency leading to less use of the protein sources may be one strategy. Replacing (part of) the human edible feed components with human inedible components may be another strategy, which could be combined with breeding for livestock that can efficiently digest novel protein feed sources. The potential use of novel protein sources is discussed. We discuss the present knowledge on novel protein sources, including the consequences for animal performance and production costs, and make recommendations for the use and optimization of novel protein sources (1) to improve our knowledge on the inclusion of human inedible protein into the diet of livestock, (2) because cooperation between animal breeders and nutritionists is needed to share knowledge and combine expertise, and (3) to investigate the effect of animal-specific digestibility of protein sources for selective breeding for each protein source and for precision feeding. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics will be important tools.

Use of insects for fish and poultry compound feed in sub-Saharan Africa – a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ssepuuya ◽  
V. Namulawa ◽  
D. Mbabazi ◽  
S. Mugerwa ◽  
P. Fuuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Sub Saharan

The cost of compound feed is a constraint in intensive fish and poultry farming, contributing 60-80% of the total production costs, 70% of which is due to fish and soy meal used as protein source. This review presents the extent to which insects have been utilised as an alternative protein source in feed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A key word search of agricultural, biological and multi-disciplinary databases and academic search engines was conducted for literature on the extent of research and utilisation of insects in poultry and fish feed in SSA. There is limited published information on the practice as well as technical and economic feasibility of the use of insects as alternative protein ingredients in compound feed. This is likely because research on the subject is fairly recently initiated and yet to be published. Excluding South Africa, rearing, processing and use of insects is still at experimentation level at laboratory scale. Insects (grasshoppers, house fly maggots, Westwood larvae, termites and garden snail) meal replaced conventional protein sources by 10-100% without affecting the growth performance of fish and poultry. In some cases, insect based feed performed better than conventional feed. Nutritional composition data of insects published for SSA majorly focused on proximate composition and not characterisation of the nutritional quality. Several research and development projects on the technical and economic feasibility, social acceptability and potential social-economic impact are ongoing and expected to increase available data when completed. Published research confirms the potential of insects for use in poultry and fish production systems and mass production and processing of target insects is the next necessary step. Based on available and ongoing research, piloting and up-scaling the use of insects as alternative protein sources in animal feed in partnership with private sector in SSA is necessary. This will confirm and enhance the technical and economic feasibility of using of insects as an alternative protein source on a commercial scale.

Effect of replacing fishmeal with HP 300 on growth performance of piglets from weaning to 28 days post weaning under commercial conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
K. N. Muturia1 ◽  
W. H. Sung ◽  
O. McPherson ◽  
J. R. Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Soybean Protein Concentrate

The recent ban on animal protein sources as livestock feed has lead to an increased demand for alternative protein sources (Salgado et al., 2001). Soya protein has been suggested as a potential alternative to fishmeal in weaner diets in sustainable pig production systems. However, the digestion of soya products is known to be reduced by the presence of antinutritional factors such as protease inhibitors and lectins (Lallès, 1993). Several methods have been devised to refine soya thereby increasing ileal digestibility’s (Shon et al, 1994). Some of the refined products include isolate soy protein and soybean protein concentrate. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effect of replacing fishmeal (FO) with HP 300 a soya isolate product on growth performance of piglets from weaning to 28 days post weaning under commercial conditions.

Edible mushrooms as a novel protein source for functional foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 7400-7414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail González ◽  
Mario Cruz ◽  
Carolina Losoya ◽  
Clarisse Nobre ◽  
Araceli Loredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
Novel Protein

Fast demographic growth has led to increasing interest in low-cost alternative protein sources to meet population needs.

scholarly journals Replacement of Fish Meal by Alternative Protein Sources in Rainbow Trout Diets.

1993 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Juadee Pongmaneerat ◽  
Shuichi Sato ◽  
Toshio Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein

scholarly journals Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in ruminant nutrition: a review of the chemical composition and nutritive value

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Olurotimi A. Olafadehan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Protein Feed

AbstractRecently, microalgae, natural marine resources, have gained increasing interests as a feed for animals. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae are single-cell microorganisms that have been used to provide nutrition to humans and animals for centuries. In the present review, we unveil the composition and nutritive value of C. vulgaris microalgae as a feed for ruminants. Research has shown that inclusion of C. vulgaris microalgae in diets improved feed utilization, milk production and quality, growth performance, and meat quality in ruminants, as a result of improved diet nutritive value leading to improved feed utilization. Very low doses of C. vulgaris in feed enhance growth and lactational performance of ruminants. Additionally, C. vulgaris showed very promising results as an alternative to corn and soybean meal; however, it is an expensive protein feed. Therefore, the main constraint to use of C. vulgaris as a feedstuff is its high cost of production, making improvement of cultivation technology to reduce the production costs a critical issue in the near future.

PSV-B-26 Performance of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast as secondary protein sources in feline diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Lauren Brewer ◽  
Matthew Panasevich ◽  
Nolan Frantz ◽  
Leighann Daristotle
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Sunflower Protein ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract The objectives of this study were to assess graded inclusions of sunflower protein meal (SPM; crude protein: 54%, crude fat: 11%, crude fiber: 4%) and dried yeast (DY; crude protein: 50%, crude fat: 3%, crude fiber: 2%) on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult cats. Both SPM and DY were included at 5% and 10% in replacement of pea protein in a high-protein, chicken-based feline diet to maintain equal macronutrient concentrations across all test diets (formulated to 41% crude protein, 18% crude fat, 3% crude fiber). The study was approved and followed by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A standard 2-bowl palatability test over a 2-day period was executed with adult cats (n = 30 each) to determine intake ratios between test diets (5% and 10% SPM or 5% and 10% DY), and test diets vs. control. Total tract nutrient digestibility was evaluated (n = 8 per diet) with 5 days of diet acclimation followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Stool quality was evaluated on a 1–5 scale, where 1 = hard/formed and 5 = non-formed/diarrhea. All data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4) and T-tests post-hoc (Minitab 18). Palatability and stool quality were similar (P > 0.05) between all diets. Protein digestibility was lower for DY-containing diets, compared with control (5% DY at P = 0.0083 and 10% DY at P = 0.0336), but not significantly different for SPM diets (P > 0.05). However, average protein digestibility was >88% across all diets. The alternative protein sources tested showed merit for inclusion to diversify ingredient sources while maintaining palatability in cat diets.

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