scholarly journals Infectious Bovine Respiratory Diseases in Adult Cattle: An Extensive Necropsic and Etiological Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2280
Author(s):  
Laëtitia Dorso ◽  
Maud Rouault ◽  
Claire Barbotin ◽  
Christophe Chartier ◽  
Sébastien Assié
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Verminous Pneumonia ◽  
Etiological Study ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Large Animals

In young cattle, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of death and Mannheimia haemolytica is a frequent pathogen. Knowledge of fatal BRD in adult cattle is more limited. We assessed the importance of infectious BRD as a cause of death in adult cattle and determined the associated pathogens. We analyzed data from 737 adult cattle necropsies at the Pathology Unit for Large Animals at Oniris, Nantes, France over a 6 year period (2013–2019). Each carcass was subjected to a complete necropsy. Lungs showing macroscopic lesions were classified into three categories: infectious primary pulmonary (IPP) lesions, thromboembolic pneumonia (TEP) and others (aspiration pneumonia, verminous pneumonia, and local extension of an extra-pulmonary inflammatory process). Half of the lungs with IPP macroscopic lesions were sampled for histology and submitted for polymerase chain reaction. BRD was the second leading cause of death (15.7%) after digestive diseases (32.2%). A strong predominance of IPP lesions (42.3%) and TEP lesions (39.6%) was also demonstrated. In IPP macroscopic lesions, fibrinous, hemorrhagic and/or hecrotic (FHN) bronchopneumonia accounted for 77.6% of macroscopic lesions. Mannheimia haemolytica was significantly associated with FHN bronchopneumonia macroscopic lesions. This study suggests that Mannheimia haemolytica should be included in the differential diagnosis of BRD in adult cattle.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the bovine digestive diseases on the Transbaikal territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
L. N. Savelyeva ◽  
M. L. Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Group D

The dynamics of digestive diseases of bacterial etiology among cattle are presented. Statistical, laboratory and annual average data on registered animals with this pathology, mortality and forced slaughter of livestock were analysed for the period 2016-2020. It has been found that digestive diseases of bacterial etiology are prevalent both in young cattle (53.7% to 61.4%) and in adult cattle (43.1% of the total number of diseased animals). The following pathogens were identified on the basis of bacterial tests on biological material: enteropathogenic E. coli (37.8% of the total number of diseased animals) and group D streptococci, E. Faecalis (15.1%). The rest of the herd had associated infections (19.2%) and non-contagious digestive diseases (27.9%). As a result of this monitoring, a high incidence of digestive diseases among cattle in livestock farms in the following districts of the Trans-Baikal Territory was recorded: Akshinsky, Krasnochikoysky, Kyrinsky, Nerchinsky, Olovyaninsky, Priargunsky, Khiloksky, Shelopuginsky, Aginsky. The lowest prevalence of cattle diseases in organizations of various forms of ownership has been recorded in peasant farms in the region (6.8-10.9%). The average number of registered animals with this pathology is recorded in agricultural organizations (26.9-37.6%). A high percentage of these diseases were recorded in households (62.8%). When farms follow the organization of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, housing and feeding hygiene rules, it is possible to ensure the safety and productivity of livestock, high quality and safety of livestock products and to prevent bacterial diseases of the digestive organs.

scholarly journals The monitoring outcomes of the meat productivity of cattle processed at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
E.V. Khardina ◽  
O.A. Krasnova ◽  
M.I. Vasilyeva ◽  
S.S. Vostrikova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
First Category ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
High Level

We performed have performed a comprehensive analysis of the meat productivity of cattle received for slaughter and primary processing at “Uvinsky meat factory” OOO of the Uvinsky district in the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out based on data from plumb lines for 2020. During the research, it was revealed that only two districts (Uvinsky and Vavozhsky) had got cattle in 2020, from which they obtained carcasses of the “super” category (21 pieces). This is the highest grade in terms of categorization. Meanwhile, the main range of carcasses of young cattle was assessed in the categories “extra”, “excellent” and “good” (1311 carcasses). However, there were also farms from which carcasses of the “low” fatness category were obtained (Uvinsky, Seltinsky and Vavozhsky districts) (42 carcasses). Based on the results of the commodity evaluation of carcasses of adult cattle, it is worth noting that most of the carcasses were quite well-fed and were rated in the first category. By the end of 2020, the company has obtained meat in carcasses from young cattle in the amount of 608.8 tons. Meanwhile, 917.5 tons of meat were produced in live weight. The meat volume in the carcasses of adult cattle was 180, 1 ton. In live weight, 386, 5 tons were obtained. Given the percentage of beef sales per year and the maximum yield of boneless meat, the company is not capable of fully meeting the needs of all high-level processing shops.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Cattle in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Adamu ◽  
NB Adamu ◽  
AU Aliyu ◽  
NN Atsanda ◽  
FB Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Young Cattle

A study was carried out to survey the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of four hundred (400) fecal samples from cattle were randomly collected and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining method. The results showed that the overall prevalence of infection was 22.3%, with an infection rate of23.4% in adult cattle and 19.1% in young cattle, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P<0.05) between the age groups, with (OR: 1.298; 95%CI: 0.7507–2.245). Out of 89 positive samples, 21.2% were male and 25.0% were female, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between the sex, with (OR: 0.8062; 95% CI: 0.4828–0.346). It was concluded that Cryptosporidium sp. infection is prevalent in Nigeria; and cattle could serve as reservoirs for the zoonotic infection in humans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23712Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 25-28

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Babesia bovis in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Noaman N. A,aiz
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Age And Sex

     This study aim to determine Babesia bovis infection in cattle based on genetic methods. A total of 96 blood samples were collected from alive and slaughtered cattle from different areas in addition to the abattoir of Al-Qadisiyah province from December 2013 to August 2014. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT.PCR) technique was used to detect the presence of the protozoan with the effect of animal's age and sex in the infection rate 47.91 % (46/96) of examined cattle were given positive result to B. bovis infection. The highest infections were shown among the adult cattle (≥1 year), while there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) in the infection rate according to the sex. So the most cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province appear to be bearing the infection predominantly as a carrier hosts.

scholarly journals Duration of immunity of a four-valent vaccine against bovine respiratory diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Philippe-Reversat ◽  
David Homer ◽  
Claude Hamers ◽  
Sylvie Brunet ◽  
Milan Huňady
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Individual

This study demonstrated the duration of immunity over 6 months of a vaccine against key bovine respiratory disease pathogens: Parainfluenza 3, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea and Mannheimia haemolytica. This was performed by challenge on colostrum-deprived calves at the age of 2 weeks. Recent European field isolates were used as challenge strains. Clinical signs and pathogen excretion or presence were monitored. Field relevance of the viral challenge strains was analysed using phylogenic analysis. Significant reduction of excretion of the 3 viruses in vaccinated animals was a consistent finding, demonstrating the efficacy of the vaccine. Reducing shedding is indeed key to interrupting the infection transmission chain and helping to achieve the protective effects of immunisation that extend beyond the individual. A significant reduction of clinical signs and lung lesions following the Mannheimia haemolytica challenge was also observed in vaccinated animals versus controls. Comparison of the challenge strains to an array of global and European strains, including recent ones, demonstrated a high genetic proximity, supporting the potential for the vaccine to maintain similar levels of efficacy in the field over a 6-month period post vaccination.

Methane production from weaned dairy heifer calves

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 54-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Moss ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Young Calf ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Dairy Heifer ◽  
The Uk

Agriculture is one of the major sources of methane in the UK and the major contribution is that from the ruminant animal. Most current inventories include emissions from growing and adult cattle and it has been assumed that the young calf contributes little to the methane flux. There is a dearth of information for young cattle (65-110 kg liveweight) and the objective here was to provide methane data for this group of ruminants to assist in improving the UK inventories for methane.

scholarly journals Global Transmission, Spatial Segregation, and Recombination Determine the Long-Term Evolution and Epidemiology of Bovine Coronaviruses

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Salem ◽  
Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran ◽  
Herve Cassard ◽  
Ben Hause ◽  
Sarah Maman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Winter Dysentery

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is widespread in cattle and wild ruminant populations throughout the world. The virus causes neonatal calf diarrhea and winter dysentery in adult cattle, as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infection in young cattle. We isolated and deep sequenced whole genomes of BCoV from calves with respiratory distress in the south–west of France and conducted a comparative genome analysis using globally collected BCoV sequences to provide insights into the genomic characteristics, evolutionary origins, and global diversity of BCoV. Molecular clock analyses allowed us to estimate that the BCoV ancestor emerged in the 1940s, and that two geographically distinct lineages diverged from the 1960s–1970s. A recombination event in the spike gene (breakpoint at nt 1100) may be at the origin of the genetic divergence sixty years ago. Little evidence of genetic mixing between the spatially segregated lineages was found, suggesting that BCoV genetic diversity is a result of a global transmission pathway that occurred during the last century. However, we found variation in evolution rates between the European and non-European lineages indicating differences in virus ecology.

scholarly journals An abattoir-based study of the prevalence of subclinical Johne's disease in adult cattle in south west England

1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Çetinkaya ◽  
K. Egan ◽  
D. A. Harbour ◽  
K. L. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
South West ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
South West England

SUMMARYThe prevalance of subclinical Johne's disease was estimated in adult cattle slaughtered at three major abattoirs in south west England. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on IS900 was used to detectMycobacterium paratuberculosisin intestinal lymph nodes of 1553 cattle. Culture was also carried out on all PCR positive and inconclusive samples. The prevalence of subclinical disease in adult cattle was 3·5% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 2·6–4·7) by PCR and 2·6% (CI 1·8–3·6) by culture. The proportion of the disease in each month ranged from 1·6% (CI 0·2–5·5) in April to 4·6% (CI 2·8–6·9) in November, but the difference was not significant (P> 0·05). The proportion of PCR positive lymph nodes in each abattoir ranged from 2·8% (CI 1·6–4·6) to 4·9% (CI 2·9–7·6), this difference was not significant either (P> 0·05). The prevalence in young cattle was 2·0% (CI 0·6–4·5). The difference between age groups was not statistically significant (P> 0·05).

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