scholarly journals A Comparison of the Behavior, Physiology, and Offspring Resilience of Gestating Sows When Raised in a Group Housing System and Individual Stalls

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2076
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Pengkang Song ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Longchao Zhang ◽  
Ligang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Confined Environment

Being in a confined environment causes chronic stress in gestating sows, which is detrimental for sow health, welfare and, consequently, offspring physiology. This study assessed the health and welfare of gestating sows housed in a group housing system compared to individual gestation stalls. After pregnancy was confirmed, experimental sows were divided randomly into two groups: the group housing system (GS), with the electronic sow feeding (ESF) system; or individual stall (IS). The behavior of sows housed in the GS or IS was then compared; throughout pregnancy, GS sows displayed more exploratory behavior, less vacuum chewing, and less sitting behavior (p < 0.05). IS sows showed higher stress hormone levels than GS sows. In particular, at 41 days of gestation, the concentration of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and adrenaline (A) in IS sows was significantly higher than that of GS sows, and the A level of IS sows remained significantly higher at 71 days of gestation (p < 0.01). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) test was carried out in the weaned piglets of the studied sows. Compared with the offspring of gestating sows housed in GS (PG) or IS (PS), PG experienced a shorter period of high temperature and showed a quicker return to the normal state (p < 0.05). Additionally, their lower levels of stress hormone (p < 0.01) suggest that PG did not suffer from as much stress as PS. These findings suggested that gestating sows housed in GS were more able to carry out their natural behaviors and, therefore, had lower levels of stress and improved welfare. In addition, PG also showed better disease resistance and resilience. These results will provide a research basis for the welfare and breeding of gestating sows.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE HALL EFFECT IN La2−xSrxCuO4 AND ABa2Cu3O7 (A=Y, Gd) HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS

1987 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petravić ◽  
A. Hamzić ◽  
B. Leontić ◽  
L. Forró
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Hall Effect ◽  
Normal State ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hall Constant ◽  
High Temperature Superconducting ◽  
Superconducting Ceramics ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements

We present Hall effect measurements in the normal state of the high temperature superconducting ceramics La2−xSrxCuO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3), YBa2Cu3o7 and GdBa2Cu3O7 . The first family has temperature independent Hall constant for x>0, while in the other two systems RH is proportional to 1/T. From the Hall effect it follows that the transport in these compounds is hole-like.

Chronic stress, hormone profiles and estrus intensity in dairy cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Walker ◽  
R.F. Smith ◽  
D.N. Jones ◽  
J.E. Routly ◽  
H. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Hormone

Use of space and behavior of weaned piglets kept in enriched two-level housing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Fels ◽  
Franziska Lüthje ◽  
Alice Faux-Nightingale ◽  
Nicole Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Housing System ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
And Behavior

Cortisol levels and health indicators of sows and their piglets living in a group-housing and a single-housing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G.E. Grimberg-Henrici ◽  
K. Büttner ◽  
R.Y. Ladewig ◽  
O. Burfeind ◽  
J. Krieter
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Cortisol Levels

scholarly journals Behaviour and skin injuries of sows kept in a novel group housing system during lactation

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilith Schrey ◽  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
Michaela Fels
Keyword(s):  
Housing System ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Skin Injuries

scholarly journals Temporal profiles of cortisol accumulation and clearance support scale cortisol content as an indicator of chronic stress in fish

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Laberge ◽  
Irene Yin-Liao ◽  
Nicholas J Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Temporal Profiles

Abstract The development of chronic stress indicators for fish is of great interest, but appropriate non-invasive methods are lagging those used in terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we explore the possibility that levels of the stress hormone cortisol in scales could be used as a chronic stress indicator. Three experiments were conducted to assess the temporal profiles of cortisol rise and fall in plasma and scales of goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to stressors of varying intensity and duration. Results show that a single acute air emersion stressor does not influence scale cortisol content. In contrast, relative to plasma levels, the fall in scale cortisol content following a high-dose cortisol implant is delayed by at least 8 days, and the rise and fall in scale cortisol content in response to unpredictable chronic stress are delayed by at least 7 days. Also, scale cortisol content is spatially heterogeneous across the body surface of goldfish. Overall, since high and sustained circulating cortisol levels are needed to influence scale cortisol content and the rates of cortisol accumulation and clearance are much slower in scales than in plasma, our results show that scales can provide an integrated measure of cortisol production and serve as a chronic stress indicator.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of claw lesions and lameness in pregnant sows in two types of group housing

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pluym ◽  
A. Van Nuffel ◽  
J. Dewulf ◽  
A. Cools ◽  
F. Vangroenweghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Claw Lesions ◽  
Locomotor Disorders

Claw lesions and lameness in sows are an important welfare concern as well as a cause of considerable economic loss. These problems are more common in group housing than in individual housing systems. Given that group housing for gestating sows will become mandatory in the EU from 2013 onwards, the aim of the present study was: (1) to determine the prevalence of lameness and claw lesions in sows housed in groups during gestation, and (2) to analyze whether the type of group housing system and sow-related factors were associated with lameness and claw lesions. Eight Belgian pig herds with group housing of gestating sows were selected. Four herds used pens with electronic sow feeders (dynamic groups), the other four herds kept their sows in free access stalls (static groups). All sows were visually examined for lameness at the end of gestation. Claw lesions were scored after parturition. Information about feed, housing conditions and culling (strategy) was collected, as well as information about parity and breed. Of all 421 assessed sows, on average 9.7% (min. 2.4%, max. 23.1%) were lame. Almost 99% of the sows had one or more claw lesion with overgrowth of heel horn (93%) and cracks in the wall (52%) as the most prevalent lesions. Neither for lameness nor claw lesions was significant differences found between the two types of group housing. Lameness decreased while the mean claw lesion score increased with ageing. These results suggest that lameness can be caused by reasons other than claw lesions, especially in older sows. Although no difference was found between the two types of group housing, a huge variation between herds was observed. Moreover, as the prevalence of lameness and claw lesions in group housing is quite high and group housing will become mandatory in 2013, further investigation on risk factors of locomotor disorders in sows is necessary.

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