scholarly journals Caretaker Score Reliability for Personality Assessment of Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2073
Author(s):  
Marina Salas ◽  
Amanda Fernández-Fontelo ◽  
Eva Martínez-Nevado ◽  
Jesús Fernández-Morán ◽  
Agustín López-Goya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Fair Degree

The evaluation of zoo animals’ personalities can likely lead to a range of benefits, including improving breeding success, creating stable social groups, and designing and developing environmental enrichment programmes. The goal of this study was to use caretakers scores to evaluate personality in bottlenose dolphins and to assess the reliability of scores within each rater and among raters from each centre. To this end, 24 caretakers from 3 countries (Spain, France, and Argentina), including a total of 5 dolphinariums and 6 groups of dolphins, used a questionnaire based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality to score bottlenose dolphins on a number of personality traits in three different contexts. Each caretaker evaluated the animals under their care twice, ensuring that raters did not share thoughts nor impressions with other raters. Our findings showed a good degree of agreement between each rater’s scores and a fair degree of agreement among scores of raters from the same centre. We also identified which raters and centres had significant mean score differences and detected that 4 out of 24 raters from two different centres showed such differences systematically. The evaluation of raters’ reliability and the identification of particular inconsistent raters and centres is critical to make more appropriate and realistic management decisions that, in turn, directly impact animals’ welfare.

scholarly journals Personality Assessment Video Game Based on The Five-Factor Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Pietter Haizel ◽  
Grace Vernanda ◽  
Keyzia Alexandra Wawolangi ◽  
Novita Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Video Game ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model

Personality Assessment

2016 ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Dragos Iliescu ◽  
Dan Ispas
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
International Context ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The chapter focuses on the assessment of personality in an international context. Starting from the definition of personality, the chapter discusses the way culture and personality are mixed and sets then out to explain the emic (indigenous) versus etic (universal) debate in personality assessment. The combined emic-etic approach is outlined as an interesting evolution in cross-cultural personality assessment, and two measures based on this approach are discussed, the Cross-Cultural Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI) and the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI). Finally, the chapter discusses the currently dominant model of personality used in assessment internationally, the five-factor model, outlining some of the dilemmas still being debated related to this model, such as the broad versus narrow debate, the cross-cultural replicability issue, and the bandwidth-fidelity dilemma.

The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Childhood Antecedents ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Considerable Body

The Five-Factor Model (FFM) is arguably the predominant model of general personality structure. There is a considerable body of research supporting its construct validity and practical application. There have been a few books specifically concerning the FFM, but to date there has not yet been a text that brings together in one location all that is known about the FFM. The book begins with an overview chapter on the FFM, followed by in-depth discussions regarding the nature, etiology, importance, and mechanisms of each of the FFM domains. The vast body of research concerning the construct-validity support for the FFM is then provided, including its robustness, factor analytic support, childhood antecedents, cross-language presence, cross-species presence, behavior and molecular genetics, and brain structure and function. The text then provides considerable discussion of the importance and application of the FFM across diverse social concerns, including personality assessment, business and industry, health psychology, marital-family therapy, adult psychopathology, child psychopathology, and clinical utility. There is no comparable text with this much information concerning the validity and utility of the FFM. The text concludes with a final overview chapter.

Inshore and offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) communities distinguished by association patterns near Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A Rossbach ◽  
Denise L Herzing
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Simple Ratio ◽  
Water Depths

Little is known about the behavior of offshore dolphin populations. Our purpose was to distinguish and describe stable social groups of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) between inshore and offshore West End, Grand Bahama Island (26°42'N, 79°00'W). Photoidentification was conducted from May to September, 1994 to 1996. A simple ratio index described association patterns between dolphins. Multidimensional scaling of association indices (n = 1711 dolphin pairs) distinguished two dolphin communities consisting of 28 dolphins (19 of known sex) found inshore and 15 dolphins (12 of known sex) found greater than or equal to 27 km offshore. Eight of the 15 offshore dolphins were opportunistically photographed in the same region between 1986 and 1990. The two communities were found at different water depths (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01), over distinct bottom types (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.01), and used different bottom-foraging strategies. Long-term site fidelity of up to 10 years and repeated dolphin associations of up to 8 years occurred greater than or equal to 27 km from shore. Dolphins sighted greater than or equal to 15 times averaged 48 associates (SD = 11, n = 28). A dolphin's closest associate was of the same gender 74% of the time. This study is the first to report long-term site fidelity and association patterns of bottlenose dolphins found far from shore.

scholarly journals Bucher et al. Personality traits and treatment outcomes meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Bucher ◽  
Takakuni Suzuki ◽  
Douglas Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Common Framework

Personality traits have been hypothesized to be clinically useful for diagnosis, client conceptualization, treatment planning, as well as for predicting treatment outcomes. Although several studies examined the relation between personality traits and specific therapy outcomes, this literature has not yet been systematically reviewed. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relations between personality traits and various therapeutic outcomes. Traits were organized via the domains of the five-factor model to provide a common framework for interpreting effects. Across 99 studies (N=107,206), overall findings indicated that traits were systematically related to outcomes, with many specific relations congruent with theorized predictions. Generally, lower levels of neuroticism and higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were associated with more favorable outcomes. More specifically, agreeableness had positive associations with therapeutic alliance and conscientiousness was positively related to abstinence from substances suggesting these traits are likely a beneficial factor to consider at the outset of services. Personality traits also related to various outcomes differently based on moderators. For example, duration of treatment moderated links between traits and outcomes suggesting these effects are amplified over longer services. Overall results suggest that personality assessment can aid with case conceptualization by suggesting potential strengths as well as barriers to treatment.

A step toward DSM‐V: cataloguing personality‐related problems in living

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McCrae ◽  
Corinna E. Löckenhoff ◽  
Paul T. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Step Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Problems In Living ◽  
Intractable Problems

Intractable problems with DSM‐IV's Axis II mandate an entirely new approach to the diagnosis of personality‐related pathology. The Five‐Factor Model of personality provides a scientifically grounded basis for personality assessment, and Five‐Factor Theory postulates that personality pathology is to be found in characteristic maladaptations that are shaped by both traits and environment. A four‐step process of personality disorder (PD) diagnosis is proposed, in which clinicians assess personality, problems in living, clinical severity, and, optionally, PD patterns. We examine item content in five problem checklists to update the list of personality‐related problems used in Step 2 of the four‐step process. Problems were reliably assigned to relevant factors and facets, and a number of additions were made to an earlier catalogue. The four‐step process can be used by clinicians, and may be incorporated in a future DSM. This article is a U.S. government publication and is in the public domain in the United States.

The Role of the Five-Factor Model in Personality Assessment and Treatment Planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Bagby ◽  
Tara M. Gralnick ◽  
Nadia Al-Dajani ◽  
Amanda A. Uliaszek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Assessment And Treatment
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