scholarly journals Hyperketonemia Predictions Provide an On-Farm Management Tool with Epidemiological Insights

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Pralle ◽  
Joel D. Amdall ◽  
Robert H. Fourdraine ◽  
Garrett R. Oetzel ◽  
Heather M. White
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
High Throughput Detection

Prediction of hyperketonemia (HYK), a postpartum metabolic disorder in dairy cows, through use of cow and milk data has allowed for high-throughput detection and monitoring during monthly milk sampling. The objective of this study was to determine associations between predicted HYK (pHYK) and production parameters in a dataset generated from routine milk analysis samples. Data from 240,714 lactations across 335 farms were analyzed with multiple linear regression models to determine HYK status. Data on HYK or disease treatment was not solicited. Consistent with past research, pHYK cows had greater previous lactation dry period length, somatic cell count, and dystocia. Cows identified as pHYK had lower milk yield and protein percent but greater milk fat, specifically greater mixed and preformed fatty acids (FA), and greater somatic cell count (SCC). Differential somatic cell count was greater in second and fourth parity pHYK cows. Culling (60d), days open, and number of artificial inseminations were greater in pHYK cows. Hyperketonemia prevalence decreased linearly in herds with greater rolling herd average milk yield. This research confirms previously identified risk factors and negative outcomes associated with pHYK and highlights novel associations with differential SCC, mixed FA, and preformed FA across farm sizes and production levels.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters of Bovine Milk Fatty Acid Profile, Yield, Composition, Total and Differential Somatic Cell Count

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2406
Author(s):  
Tania Bobbo ◽  
Mauro Penasa ◽  
Martino Cassandro
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Bovine Milk

The growing interest of consumers for milk and dairy products of high nutritional value has pushed researchers to evaluate the feasibility of including fatty acids (FA) in selection programs to modify milk fat profile and improve its nutritional quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of FA profile predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy, milk yield, composition, and total and differential somatic cell count. Edited data included 35,331 test-day records of 25,407 Italian Holstein cows from 652 herds. Variance components and heritability were estimated using single-trait repeatability animal models, whereas bivariate repeatability animal models were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits, including the fixed effects of stage of lactation, parity, and herd-test-date, and the random effects of additive genetic animal, cow permanent environment and the residual. Heritabilities and genetic correlations obtained in the present study reflected both the origins of FA (extracted from the blood or synthesized de novo by the mammary gland) and their grouping according to saturation or chain length. In addition, correlations among FA groups were in line with correlation among individual FA. Moderate negative genetic correlations between FA and milk yield and moderate to strong positive correlations with fat, protein, and casein percentages suggest that actual selection programs are currently affecting all FA groups, not only the desired ones (e.g., polyunsaturated FA). The absence of association with differential somatic cell count and the weak association with somatic cell score indicate that selection on FA profile would not affect selection on resistance to mastitis and vice versa. In conclusion, our findings suggest that genetic selection on FA content is feasible, as FA are variable and moderately heritable. Nevertheless, in the light of correlations with other milk traits estimated in this study, a clear breeding goal should first be established.

scholarly journals Evaluation of breeding values of bulls for somatic cell count in milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066
Author(s):  
M. Radinovic ◽  
S. Trivunovic ◽  
D. Kucevic ◽  
R. Djedovic ◽  
V. Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Selection Of

The incidence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in the mammary gland produces variety of defensive factors were nuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages play an important role and they are marked as somatic cells. Somatic cell count depends on the type of pathogen and stage of infection. Increased number of somatic cells in milk occurs as a result of lesions in the mammary gland. Studies have shown that the somatic cells count is genetically predisposed. Although the heritability of this trait is low, using modern methods and the proper selection of work it is possible to achieve some progress. Therefore it is necessary to the selection of bulls for somatic cells, on the basis of somatic cells in milk of daughters. Data on milk yield and somatic cell count in milk of 247 cows Holstein Friesian and Simmental breed from Vojvodina province, were used to analyze the evaluation of breeding values for somatic cells in milk Average values and variability of somatic cells, milk yield, milk fat yield and protein and content of milk fat and protein were determined. The average number of somatic cells was 317 000 per ml of milk, with high variability. Average milk yield of 7 634kg with an average content and yield of milk fat from 3.74% to 285.69 kg and the average protein content and yield of 3.15% and 237.15 kg were determined. Assessment of breeding values was calculated using BLUP model of father, high variability in the assessment of bulls was found. Getting more accurate breeding values is possible using the Animal Model.

scholarly journals Effect of Pregnancy, Milk Yield, and Somatic Cell Count on Bovine Milk Fat Hydrolysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Bachman ◽  
M.J. Hayen ◽  
D. Morse ◽  
C.J. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Fat Hydrolysis

The effect of suckling following mechanical milking on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell count in dairy cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Margerison ◽  
C.J.C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

AbstractSuckling following mechanical milking is common practice in organic dairy production systems and in developing countries. The objective of the experimental work was to assess the effect of suckling and suckling frequency following mechanical milking on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell count. Two experiments were completed using multiparous dairy cows allocated at 3 days post partum to their respective treatment groups. In experiment one, twenty–four multiparous dairy cows were allocated to one of two treatments for 305 days; 12 cows not suckled (NS) and 12 cows, which were suckled twice daily following mechanical milking (S2). Daily milk yield was significantly greater (P<0.05) in suckled cows, NS 8.0, S2 8.9 (sem 0.18) kg/d. Milk fat content was significantly lower (P<0.05) in suckled cows (NS 32.0, S2 30.7 (sem 0.56) g/kg). However, milk protein was not significantly different in suckled cows, NS 29.2, S2 27.6 (sem 10.79) g/kg compared with non suckled cows. Somatic cell count was significantly lower (P<0.05) in suckled cows NS 106, S2 85 (sem 2.85) 000/ml, compared with non suckled cows. In experiment two, thirty-eight cows were allocated one of two treatments for 120 days; 19 cows not suckled (NS) and 19 cows, which were suckled once daily following the afternoon milking (S1). Suckling took place for fifteen minutes daily following machine milking only. The calves were weaned at 6 months of age. Total daily milk yield was significantly greater (P<0.05) in suckled cows, NS 11.7, S1 12.5 (sem 0.04) (kg/d) compared with non suckled cows. The milk fat and protein content were not significantly different in suckled and non suckled cows. Milk fat content NS 33.4, S1 32.9 (sem 0.14) g/kg and milk protein content NS 29.8, S1 30.0 (sem 0.07) g/kg. In conclusion, suckled cows had significantly higher milk yields. Cows suckled twice daily had significantly lower milk fat content. Suckling did not affect milk protein content. Suckling cows twice daily significantly reduced SCC.

scholarly journals The <i>DGAT1</i> gene <i>K232A</i> mutation is associated with milk fat content, milk yield and milk somatic cell count in cattle (Short Communication)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Manga ◽  
H. Říha
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
New Association ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Abstract. The present study investigated the K232A mutation of the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1) in 315 Czech Holstein Cows. The allele frequency was found to be 0.19 for the K allele and 0.81 for the A allele. The results ofK232A testing were assessed in relation to average daily milk yield (l), percentage of fat, protein, lactose and milk somatic cell count (SCC, thousand/ml). A GLM procedure was used to analyse the differences among genotypes. The K232A genotypes were significantly associated with milk fat percentage (KK, KA>AA [P≤0.005, P≤0.05]) and milk yield (KK, KA>AA [P≤0.05, P≤0.005]). The K allele was also favourable for SCC levels: cows with the KA genotype had lower SCC levels than those with the AA genotype (P≤0.05), while cows with the KK genotype showed the lowest levels of SCC at all. This new association of K232A suggests the existence of another gene in the centromeric region on BTA14 linked to DGAT1 with direct effect on the SCC. On the basis of a broad range of DGAT1 protein functions and the non-conservative matter ofK232A, a direct effect of K232A on the SCC cannot be ruled out either.

scholarly journals Effect of chosen factors on milk yield, basic composition and somatic cell count of organic milk of Brown short-haired goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Králíčková ◽  
Jan Kuchtík ◽  
Radek Filipčík ◽  
Táňa Lužová ◽  
Květoslava Šustová
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Basic Composition ◽  
Other Hand

Effect of stage of lactation (SL), parity (PA), litter size (LS) and month of kidding (MK) on daily milk yield, basic composition and somatic cell count of organic goat milk were evaluated using 32 goats of Brown short-haired breed which were reared on an organic farm in Olešenka. Goats were on the 1st (n = 15), 2nd (n = 10) and 3rd (n = 7) lactation; 15 of them gave birth to singles and 17 to twins. Kidding occurred in January (n = 5), February (n = 13) and March (n = 8). During the experiment all goats were reared on permanent pasture, in one flock and under the identical conditions. The PA had a significant effect on all monitored parameters; also the SL had a significant effect on all monitored parameters except SCC. Systematic factors LS and MK had a significant effect only on DMY and SCC; on the other hand, these factors had no significant effect on basic milk composition. The milk fat was the most variable component of the milk. On the other hand the lactose content was during lactation very well-balanced. SCCs were relatively low which indicates good health status of mammary gland. The highest DMY, SCC and contents of basic milk components, except lactose, were found in goats on PA2. The higher DMY was expected in goats with twins compared to goats with singles, but the opposite trend proved to be true.

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