scholarly journals Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products: Chemical Composition, Nutritive Value and Applications in Poultry Nutrition, an Updating Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Adel I. Attia ◽  
Fayiz M. Reda ◽  
Amlan K. Patra ◽  
Shaaban S. Elnesr ◽  
Youssef A. Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
By Products

: Several by-products, such as whole cull dates, date stones (also called pits, seeds, kernels), sugar-extracted date pulp, are produced from date fruit processing industries. These by-products, particularly date stone meal represent 10 to 20% of the whole dates are wasted, causing environmental issues. However, the date stone is rich in various nutrients, such as nitrogen-free extract, fiber, fat, and minerals, which could be used as an alternative feed source in poultry nutrition. However, the high fiber content in date stone meal restricts its use in poultry diets. Whole date wastes and date pulp have lower protein, fiber and fat content than those in date stone meal. Several studies have investigated the use of date stone meal and other by-products as a replacement of dietary corn and barley on feed intake, growth, feed efficiency, and nutrient utilization in poultry. The compilation of results obtained from different studies indicates that date fruit by-products, particularly date stone meal, could be incorporated up to 10% levels, replacing corn or barley grains without hampering production performance, and this could reduce the production cost. Moreover, the use of date stone meal at lower levels (5–10%) sometimes shows better growth performance, probably due to the presence of bioactive principles such as antioxidants and phenolic compounds. The use of date stone meal in poultry diets may be practically important under certain circumstances not only under the COVID-19 crisis due to the lockdown of airports, dry ports, ports and traffic restrictions, but also in countries with a limited supply of classical feed resources and which depend on imported ones. Finally, it can recommend that using date stone meal (DSM) up to 5–10% in poultry diets positively affect the productive performance. Due to the variability in the nutritive value of the DSM, developing a formula for metabolizable energy (ME) of DSM = a (intercept) − b (slope) × crude fiber (CF) content should be considered to improve the precision of feed formula for poultry. However, the nutritional value of DSM might not only depend on crude fiber but also on other compounds.

scholarly journals The nutritive value of industrial by-products for poultry

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Tuomo Kiiskinen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
By Products

The metabolizable energy (ME) and partly also the digestibility of several industrial by-products, mainly originating from grain, were determined in trials with adult cockerels. Five experiments were performed using a conventional total collection procedure, and test ingredients were substituted for 25-40 % of the basal diet. The nitrogen-corrected apparent (AMEn) and true (TMEn) metabolizable energy values of distillers’ dried grains (DDG) and distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) derived from barley, wheat and rye varied from 7.85 to 11.8 and from 7.98 to 12.0 MJ/ kg DM, respectively. The highest MEn values were observed in the dehulled barley-derived products. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) was 62-83 and that of carbohydrates 25-50 %, the latter being lowest for feeds originating from whole barley grain. The results indicated that distillers’ feeds derived from dehulled grain, especially barley, are satisfactory energy sources for poultry diets. Dried barley protein (BP 1, CP 38 %), oats protein (CP 44 %) and distillers’ solids (CP 58 %) from the integrated ethanol starch process, as well as dehulled barley and oats proved to be excellent energy feeds containing AMEn 14.9, 18.6, 15.0, 14.2 and 14.6 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The TMEn values for BPI and dehulled grains were 15.3, 14.4 and 14.8 MJ/kg DM. Supplementation with enzymes did not significantly improve the ME value of dehulled barley. The AMEn values for barley protein (BP2, CP 27 %), barley bran and barley molasses obtained from the starch process, and wheat feed meal from the milling industry, were 13.3, 8.52, 13.5 and 10.6 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The lowest ME values were obtained for samples of wheat bran, dried potato pulp and malt sprouts: AMEn 6.09, 6.23 and 6.01; TMEn 6.15, 6.07 and 6.01 MJ/kg DM, respectively.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SORGHUM GRAIN FOR BROILER CHICKENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
F. G. PROUDFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Finisher Diets

Sorghum grain (SG) contained more crude protein (103.5 g/kg) and ash (17.0 g/kg) but less crude fiber (17.7 g/kg) and total lipid (22.6 g/kg) than corn. The SG contained 0.37% ± 0.02 tannin, had a higher apparent metabolizable energy value than corn or wheat and contained all of the amino acids considered essential for chickens at levels in general between those of corn and wheat. Two experiments were carried out to ascertain the nutritive value of SG as a partial replacement for corn and wheat in practical poultry diets using 320 male and 320 female Cobb chicks in each. Starter (finisher) diets fed from 0–21 days (22–42 days) contained the following levels of SG: 15 (19); 30 (39); 45 (58)%. The diets were isoenergic and isonitrogenous. The inclusion of up to 45% SG in the starter diet and up to 58% in the finisher diet had no significant effect on mortality, live body weight, feed conversion or percentage of grade A carcasses. Key words: Broiler chickens, sorghum grain, milo, diets

scholarly journals Nutritive value of corn meal in nutrition of fattening chickens

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 535-542
Author(s):  
N. Milosevic ◽  
L. Peric ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
S. Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Corn Processing ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
By Products ◽  
Group Trial

One of the by-products of corn processing which can successfully be used in poultry nutrition is livestock meal. In this trial corn meal was investigated, meal in two form: non-extruded (T1 and T2) and extruded (T3 and T4) as a replacement of cracked corn (K) in the amount of 100% (T1 and T3) and 50% (T2 and T4). Investigation was carried out in 4 repetitions, 75 chickens of Arbor Acres x Ross 308 hybrid in each group. Trial lasted 42 days. Chickens were fed three standard mixtures (starter, grower and finisher). Investigation demonstrated that group of chickens of treatment T3 realized the best final body masses (2254g), followed by chickens in treatment T4 (2173g), chickens of group T2 (2112g), K group (2106 g), and the worst results were established in chickens of group T1 (2103g). It was established that differences in final body mass of chickens from group T3 in relation to chickens from groups T1, T2, T4 and were statistically highly significant (P<0,001). Statistically significant differences (P<0,05) were established between body masses of chickens from group T4 in relation to T1, T2 and K group. Mortality of chickens was as followes: K-3,64%, T1- 2,50%, and T2-5,00%, T3-6,39%, and T4-3,33%. Feed conversion in all investigated groups was almost identical (K-1,91; T2-,93; T3-1,93; T4-1,94) with the exception of T1 with 1,97. In regard to production index (PI), the best results were realized by group of chickens T3 (261), followed by chickens T4 (258), K (253), and the worst results were established in chickens of groups T1 (248) and T2 (248).

Increasing nutritive value of white grape pomace by ensiling and drying for ruminants nutrition

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
A Golghasemgharehbagh ◽  
R Pirmohammadi ◽  
O Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
By Products

There is increasing demand for efficient use of animal food by products due to economic and environmental concerns. Agricultural by products such as tomato pomace, citrus pulp and grape pomace (GP) may be substituted advantageously to tackle animal feed shortage. Alipour and Rouzbehan (2006) demonstrated that GP tannins have adverse effects on nutrient utilization and other nutritional parameters in ruminants. Ensiling (Makkar, 2003) and drying (Martin-Garcia and Molina-Alcaide, 2007) can be used as a method of decreasing and inactivation of tannins. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ensiling and drying on chemical composition, tannin content and improving nutritive value of GP.

scholarly journals The nutritive value of poultry diets containing sunflower meal supplemented by enzymes

2012 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Sredanovic ◽  
Jovanka Levic ◽  
Rade Jovanovic ◽  
Olivera Djuragic
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Enhancing Production ◽  
Poultry Farming

The international limitations imposed on the utilization of meat and bone meals in animal diets, together with the increasing demand for soybean meal, create a necessity to search for other protein sources to economically balance compound feeds. In this regard it is important to note that sunflower is the best adapted high-protein crop available in some European regions and that is useful to use it in poultry farming as the replacement of other protein sources. Protein and many other nutrients are ?imprisoned? to variable degrees, inside sunflower meal fibrous structures, and remain less available for digestion by the poultry?s own proteases and other endogenous enzymes. Added exogenous enzymes (phytase, hemicellulase, cellulase, carbohydrase, protease, etc.) offer a number of creative possibilities for breakdown and ?liberation? of these nutrients, their easier digestion and absorption, and thus development of new nutritional standards and new diets formulation. Supplementation of poultry diets containing sunflower meal by different enzymes increasingly contribute to sustainable poultry farming by enhancing production efficiency, increasing the effectiveness of nutrient utilization and upgrading in environmental protection.

The nutritive value of banana (Musa acuminata L.) by-products for maintaining goats

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
M. C. Pieltain ◽  
J. I. R. Castan ◽  
M. R. Ventura ◽  
M. P. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
By Products

Abstract The nutritive value of banana by-products (leaves, pseudostems and raceme stems) for goats was studied by rumen degradability and in vitro digestibility techniques, voluntary intake and maintenance trials. Banana by-products had both a relatively low degradability and digestibility, with derived metabolizable energy content (MJ ME per kg dry matter (DM)) of 6·54 for leaves, 6·66 for pseudostems and 8·24 for raceme stems. Daily voluntary intake (g DM per kg M0·75) was 66·4 for leaves, 19·3 for pseudostems, and 15·3 for raceme stems. On these results, pseudostems and raceme stems would provide less than 0·30 of maintenance ME needs of goats. However, rations based only on banana leaves should meet more than 0·85 of the maintenance energy needs.

The effect of β-glucanase supplementation on the apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibilities of different barley cultivars for young broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
H. Nassiri Moghaddam ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
M. D. Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Production ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Enzyme Application

Despite of high production of barley in Iran, its use in poultry diets is limited due to low energy content and problems such as sticky droppings. Barley cultivars have different nutritive value for broilers (Villamide, et al., 1997) and enzyme application may affect barley cultivar based diets differently. β-glucanase supplementation of barley based diets can eliminate β-glucan, the main anti-nutritional factor of barley, and improve nutrient digestibilities and apparent metabolizable energy. The objective of this trial is to study the β-glucanase effect on nutrient digestibilities and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of different barley cultivar based diets.

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF Brachiaria GRASS CULTIVARS AT KATUMANI DRYLAND RESEARCH STATION IN SOUTH EASTERN KENYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 706-717
Author(s):  
Susan Akinyi Nguku ◽  
Nashon K.R. Musimba ◽  
Donald N. Njarui ◽  
Royford Murangiri Mwobobia
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Semi Arid

The study was conducted at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, Katumani, Machakos to evaluate the herbage quality of Brachiaria grass cultivars in semi arid regions of Eastern Kenya. Brachiaria cultivars namely B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria hybrid  Mulato II, four Brachiaria brizantha cultivars Marandu, Xaraes, Piata, MG4 and Brachiaria humidicola cv Llanero were assessed with reference to their chemical and nutritive composition at 22, 24 and 28 weeks post seedling emergence. Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv KATR3) and Napier grass (P. pupureum cv. Kakamega I) were included as controls. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among the cultivars for crude protein, crude fibre (NDF, ADF and ADL) Ash, Calcium, Phosphorus, Dry Matter Digestibilty and Metabolisable energy during the the week 22 and 24 post seedling emergence harvest. At week 28 harvest interval, however, ADL values for all the cultivars were similar and only Marandu was significantly different (p<0.05) in terms of metabolizable energy from the rest. The mean CP content of the grasses decreased from 11.1% at week 22 to 6.3% at harvest week 28 harvest intervals. MG4, Mulato II and Xaraes were the only grasses able to meet minimum CP (7.0%) requirement for rumen microbial function throughout the harvest period. Ash and phosphorus values decreased whereas Calcium content increased for all the cultivars during the harvest intervals, with Mulato II recording the highest ash (15%) content during this period. Chloris gayana KATR3 recorded highest average NDF (72.9%), ADF (48.1%) and ADL (6.1%) content during this period. Xaraes, Marandu and Mulato II were the only cultivars able to achieve the highest metabolizable energy of  7.0 MJ/kg DM recorded for the grass cultivars throughout the harvest intervals. These results indicate that Brachiaria grasses can be a good source of forage for livestock and a boost to the forage resource base in the semi arid regions of Kenya. Further research is needed to quantify their productivity in both dry and wet periods and to assess the effect of feeding on animal production performance.

scholarly journals Utilization of Date By-Products in the Food Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Zein Najjar ◽  
Constantinos Stathopoulos ◽  
Suwimol Chockchaisawasdee
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Date Syrup ◽  
Date Fruit

The fruit of date palm tree Phoenix dactylifera is among the most abundant fruits, and it is rich in essential nutrients. Quality-wise, not all cultivated date fruits meet the commercial standards, and tons of date fruit that are immature, or of poor appearance but with no reduced nutritive value are treated as date by-product and are being used for animal feed or are discarded during processing by the relevant industries. Together with the rejected fruit, date seed which is the inedible part, and the trimmed fronds of the date palm, they are all discarded, resulting in an environmental problem, and an economical loss. The objective of this review is to identify current practices on the uses of low-grade date, seed, and frond in the industry. The literature shows date fruit of low quality is typically processed to make date paste and date syrup, and both are well utilized in the food sector. The chemical composition of date seed, and increasingly of other parts are well known, and fully exploited in many industrial applications.         

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document