scholarly journals Persistent High Leptospiral Shedding by Asymptomatic Dogs in Endemic Areas Triggers a Serious Public Health Concern

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sant’Anna da Costa ◽  
Maria Isabel N. Di Azevedo ◽  
Ana Luiza dos Santos Baptista Borges ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Gabriel Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
One Year

(1) Background: Dogs are known as hosts of Leptospira interrogans and can spread this bacterium to the environment. Although Canicola is responsible for determining chronic disease in dogs, when affected by incidental serogroups such as Icterohaemorrhagiae, acute disease may occur with a predominance of clinical signs with hepatic and renal changes. In endemic areas, it is a serious public health problem. Thus, this study aims to estimate the incidence and duration of elimination of leptospires in the urine of dogs, taking another step from a previous study of our group, by a longitudinal, long-term and molecular approach. (2) Methods: A total of 125 dogs without apparent symptoms of leptospirosis were included in the study. The dogs were all PCR-negative and seronegative at the beginning of the study. Blood samples were collected for hematological examinations and urine for amplification of the lipL32 gene by PCR at five different time points during one year. (3) Results: Out of the 125 dogs, 62 became lipL32 PCR-positive (48.8% (95% CI, 47.9–49.7%)) at some point during the study, distributed as follows: at day 0, all negative; day 90, 18/125 (14.4% (95% CI, 13.5–15.3%)); day 180, 18/125 (14.4% (95% CI, 13.5–15.3%)); day 270, 12/125 (9.6% (95% CI, 8.7–10.5%)); and day 365, 14/125 (11.2% (95% CI, 10.3–12.1%)). Out of the 62 amplicons, 22 were sequenced, targeting a short region of secY gene. Of these, 20 (90.9%) were identical to the L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, while two (9.1%) were Leptospira noguchii. (4) Conclusions: The fact that the leptospires of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup were characterized was unexpected, since the animals remained clinically asymptomatic during the study. The fact that asymptomatic dogs shed leptospires is not new, but the extent of this fact and the characterized strain is impressive, with an impact on public health that cannot be overlooked.

Female genital mutilation in the UK: considerations for best nursing practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 788-791
Author(s):  
Bethany Rose
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is any process that injures or removes part or all of the external female genital organs for non-medical reasons. FGM is a growing public health concern in the UK because of an increase in migration from countries where it is widely practised. Education on FGM for nurses is key to supporting women who have undergone the practice, as well as safeguarding girls and women who are at risk. Nurses must understand the history and culture of FGM as well as the long-term health complications to be able to support affected women both professionally and sensitively.

A public health concern: Sugar reduction advice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
Amy Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Health Visitors ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Sugar Reduction

Health visitors have a key role to play in helping families to reduce sugar in their diets, leading to long-term health benefits

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Opioid use and diabetes: An overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Yatan Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Effects

AbstractIllicit opioids have emerged as a major public health problem over the past century. It continues to remain so in the current times. From the studies conducted among the animals, it has been clear that there are acute as well as chronic effects of opioids on the endocrine system. Diabetes has been recognized as a major public health concern and is expected to be a major problem in the coming decades. In this article, we shall discuss the effects of opioids in the glucose homeostasis in both the animal population and human population and its relation to diabetes.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Cysticercosis in Children and Young Adults Living in a Helminth Endemic Community in Leyte, the Philippines

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Mei Xu ◽  
Luz P. Acosta ◽  
Min Hou ◽  
Daria L. Manalo ◽  
Mario Jiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Cysticercosis is a significant public health problem in countries where pigs are raised for consumption and remains an important cause of neurological disease worldwide. The Philippines is considered an endemic area for cysticercosis because cases in both humans and pigs have been reported; however, epidemiologic information stays limited. We conducted a pilot survey of the seroprevalence of human cysticercosis in a village in Leyte, the Philippines, by measuring antibody specific forTaenia soliumcyst-fluid antigen. There were 497 subjects aged 7–30 years in our study and most subjects were infected with one or more helminths. The overall cysticercosis seroprevalence in this population was 24.6% (95% CI: 20.82% ~ 28.58%) with no significant difference based on age, sex, or other helminth coinfection status. Although the sample may not be representative of the whole community, the findings suggest that cysticercosis is a significant, but underrecognized public health concern in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Incidence of dengue in the Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Shivani Rao ◽  
Ajay Raj Sethuraman ◽  
Pandurang Vithal Thatkar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Health Centres

Background: Dengue is transmitted mainly by bite of Aedes mosquito namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus posing major public health concern. The objective of the study is to study incidence of dengue in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.Methods: Prospective study from January 2012 to December 2018 from all primary, community and tertiary health centres of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.Results: Out of a total of 5255 blood samples tested from 2012 to 2018 the total dengue positive cases were 525 (9.99%).Conclusions: There has been gradual increase in number of dengue cases from 2012 to 2016 thereafter there has been reduction of cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of novel nutraceuticals based on combination of oat beta-glucans and a green coffee phenolic extract to combat obesity and its comorbidities. A randomized, dose-response, parallel trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mateos Briz ◽  
Joaquin García-Cordero ◽  
Laura Bravo ◽  
Beatriz Sarria
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Phenolic Extract

Obesity and its associated comorbidities are a major public health concern worldwide. Reduced energy intake and increased physical activity interventions have limited success in the long term. Nutraceuticals might be...

Stillbirth rate in Bhutan: a retrospective facility-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Pema Lethro ◽  
Kinga Jamphel ◽  
Vandana Joshi ◽  
Chandralal Mongar ◽  
Lobzang Tshering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Live Births ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Stillbirth is an important public health concern; yet there is no reliable stillbirth rate for Bhutan. Hence the aim of this study was to estimate the stillbirth rate for Bhutan. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for live and stillbirths recorded in delivery registers of all 253 health facilities across the country for a period of one year commencing 1st January till 31st December 2015. Results: There were a total of 11,126 live births and 108 stillbirths documented in delivery registers. The stillbirth rate from this data set was 10 per 1000 live births. Conclusions: The stillbirth rate for Bhutan from this study is 10 per 1000 live births lower than 16 per 1000 live births estimated in Lancet Series 2015. In order to find the true burden of stillbirths in the country, a surveillance may be instituted which can facilitate the prevention efforts while at the same time enable to strengthen information system.

A public health concern: Sugar reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Amy Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Sugar Reduction

Health professionals have a key role to play in helping families to reduce sugar in their diets, leading to long-term health benefits, says Amy Noakes

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