scholarly journals Changes Caused by Low Doses of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Neuro-Chemistry of Nerves Located in the Porcine Heart

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Krystyna Makowska ◽  
Slawomir Gonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heart Wall ◽  
Cholinergic Structures

Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in plastics used in the production of various everyday objects may leach from these items and contaminate food, water and air. As an endocrine disruptor, BPA negatively affects many internal organs and systems. Exposure to BPA also contributes to heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction, but many aspects connected with this activity remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of BPA in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day (in many countries such a dose is regarded as a tolerable daily intake–TDI dose of BPA–completely safe for living organisms) on the neurochemical characterization of nerves located in the heart wall using the immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results indicate that BPA (even in such a relatively low dose) increases the number of nerves immunoreactive to neuropeptide Y, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase (used here as a marker of sympathetic innervation). However, BPA did not change the number of nerves immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (used here as a marker of cholinergic structures). These observations suggest that changes in the heart innervation may be at the root of BPA-induced circulatory disturbances, as well as arrhythmogenic and/or proinflammatory effects of this endocrine disruptor. Moreover, changes in the neurochemical characterization of nerves in the heart wall may be the first sign of exposure to BPA.

scholarly journals The Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Neuregulin 1-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Wall of Porcine Uterus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Rytel
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Double Immunofluorescence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Bisphenol A (BPA), a substance commonly used in the manufacture of plastics, shows multidirectional negative effects on humans and animals. Due to similarities to estrogens, BPA initially leads to disorders in the reproductive system. On the other hand, it is known that neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) is an active substance which enhances the survivability of cells, inhibits apoptosis, and protects tissues against damaging factors. Because the influence of BPA on the nervous system has also been described, the aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time the influence of various doses of BPA on neuregulin 1-like immunoreactive (NRG-1-LI) nerves located in the porcine uterus using the routine single- and double-immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results have shown that BPA increases the number and affects the neurochemical characterization of NRG-1-LI in the uterus, and changes are visible even under the impact of small doses of this toxin. The character of observed changes depended on the dose of BPA and the part of the uterus studied. These observations suggest that NRG-1 in nerves supplying the uterus may play roles in adaptive and protective mechanisms under the impact of BPA.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A (BPA) Affects the Enteric Nervous System in the Porcine Stomach

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2445
Author(s):  
Krystyna Makowska ◽  
Sławomir Gonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Double Immunofluorescence ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Myenteric Ganglia

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely utilized in plastic production process all over the world. Previous studies have shown that BPA, with its similarity to estrogen, may negatively affect living organisms. It is acknowledged that BPA distorts the activity of multiple internal systems, including the nervous, reproductive, urinary, and endocrine systems. BPA also affects the gastrointestinal tract and enteric nervous system (ENS), which is placed throughout the wall from the esophagus to the rectum. Contrary to the intestine, the influence of BPA on the ENS in the stomach is still little known. This study, performed using the double immunofluorescence method, has revealed that BPA affects the number of nervous structures in the porcine gastric wall immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT, a marker of cholinergic neurons), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART). The character and severity of noted alterations depended on the part of the ENS, the BPA dose, and the type of neuronal substance. Administration of BPA resulted in an increase in the number of nervous structures containing SP, GAL, and/or CART, and a decrease in the number of cholinergic neurons in all parts of the gastric wall. The number of VIP-positive nervous structures increased in the enteric myenteric ganglia, along with the muscular and mucosal layers, whilst it decreased in the submucous ganglia. The exact mechanism of noted changes was not absolutely obvious, but they were probably related to the neuroprotective and adaptive processes constituting the response to the impact of BPA.

scholarly journals Characterization of Follicular Atresia Responsive to BPA in Zebrafish by Morphometric Analysis of Follicular Stage Progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Migliaccio ◽  
T. Chioccarelli ◽  
C. Ambrosino ◽  
A. Suglia ◽  
F. Manfrevola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Stage Development

Bisphenol A is an industrial chemical compound, pervasively polluting the environment and diet, classified as an endocrine disruptor because of its interference effects on the endocrine system. In zebrafish, BPA exposure induces follicular atresia. To acquire knowledge on this atretic effect, using a qualitative and quantitative histomorphological approach, we studied zebrafish ovarian follicular stage development in response to low BPA concentrations. Results show that BPA interferes with follicular progression by affecting the previtellogenic and vitellogenic phases. In particular, BPA exposure (i) increases follicular recruitment by acting on primary stage follicles, (ii) forces the follicular transition from stage III to stage IV producing enlarged stage IV follicles, and (iii) induces atresia by producing atretic follicles that are peculiarly enlarged (i.e., big atretic follicles). We suggest that BPA induces atresia by the primary effect on recruitment of stage I follicles. This forces follicular progression and produces stage IV follicles that are peculiarly enlarged that undertake the atretic development.

scholarly journals Strategies to Protect Dialysis Patients against Bisphenol A

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Borja Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Common Component ◽  
The Impact

Bisphenol A (BPA), also known as 2,2,-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, is a common component of plastics worldwide. However, it has been shown to act as an endocrine disruptor with some hormonal functions. Furthermore, high levels of BPA have been related to the development of cardiovascular events and the activation of carcinogenesis pathways. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have higher serum concentrations of BPA due to their impaired renal function. This situation is aggravated in CKD patients requiring dialysis, because the BPA content of dialysis devices (such as, for example, the filters) is added to the lack of excretion. In addition to the development of BPA-free dialysis filters, some techniques can contribute to the reduction of BPA levels in these patients. The aim of this review is to illustrate the impact of BPA on dialysis patients and suggest some strategies to reduce its inherent risks.

scholarly journals ESTROGEN-REGULATED miRNA-27b IS ALTERED BY BISPHENOL A IN ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL CELLS

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly G Reed ◽  
Samir N Babayev ◽  
Lucy X Chen ◽  
Bruce R Carr ◽  
Ruth A Word ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
The Impact

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small molecules important for regulation of transcription and translation. The objective was to identify hormonally-regulated miRs in human endometrial stromal cells and to determine the impact of the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA), on those miRs. miR microarray analysis and multiple confirmatory cell preparations treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) and BPA altered miR-27b, let-7c, let-7e, and miR-181b. Further, decidualization downregulated miR-27b. VEGFB and VEGFC were validated as targets of miR-27b. Identification of miR-27b target genes suggests that BPA and E2 downregulate miR-27b thereby leading to upregulation of genes important for vascularization and angiogenesis of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and decidualization.

scholarly journals Initial Sequencing and Characterization of Gastrointestinal and Oral Microbiota in Urban Pakistani Adults Reveals Abnormally High Levels of Potentially Starch Metabolizing Bacteria in the General Population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Batool ◽  
Syed Baqir Ali ◽  
Ali Jaan ◽  
Kehkishan Khalid ◽  
Syeda Aba Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Early Career ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWe describe the characterization of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) and oral microbiota (bacteria) in 32 urban Pakistani adults representing seven major geographies and six ethnicities in the country. Study participants were between ages 18 and 40, had body mass index between 18 and 25 Kg/m2, and were early-career students or professionals belonging to 25 major cities of the country. These individuals donated a total of 61 samples (32 gut and 29 oral) that were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Microbiome composition of Pakistani individuals was compared against the uBiome database of selected individuals who self-reported to be in excellent health. Using the crude measure of percentage overlap or similarity between the gut microbiota profile of Pakistani and uBiome dataset as proxy for health, our sequencing indicated that the Pakistani gut microbiota was moderately healthy relative to the uBiome dataset and Pakistani women appeared healthier relative to men. The Pakistani gut microbiome seemed susceptible to obesity and weight gain, levels of probiotics was very high likely due to the popularity of milk-based and fermented foods in the Pakistani diet, and bacteria that metabolize starch and carbohydrates (typically seen in the gut microbiota of honey bee) were abnormally enriched in the gut of Pakistani men. Our investigations reveal serious issues with the dietary habits and lifestyle of Pakistani individuals of consuming food enriched in high carbohydrates and fats, overcooked in oil and spices, following a sedentary lifestyle, little or no daily intake of fresh fruits, over-consumption of antibiotics from a very early age, and health and hygiene standards that do not meet international standards. Our sequencing is the first step towards generating a country-wide understanding of the impact of the local diet and lifestyle on Pakistani gut microbiota and can help understand its overall association with health and wellness.

scholarly journals The Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on the Occurrence of Selected Active Substances in Neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-Positive Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Large Intestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10308
Author(s):  
Krystyna Makowska ◽  
Kamila Szymańska ◽  
Jarosław Całka ◽  
Sławomir Gonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Enteric Plexus ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Intestinal Functions ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance used in the manufacture of plastics which shows multidirectional adverse effects on living organisms. Since the main path of intoxication with BPA is via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the stomach and intestine are especially vulnerable to the impact of this substance. One of the main factors participating in the regulation of intestinal functions is the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is characterized by high neurochemical diversity. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is one of the lesser-known active substances in the ENS. During the present study (performed using the double immunofluorescence method), the co-localization of NRG1 with other neuronal substances in the ENS of the caecum and the ascending and descending colon has been investigated under physiological conditions and after the administration of BPA. The obtained results indicate that NRG1-positive neurons also contain substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, a neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase and galanin and the degree of each co-localization depend on the type of enteric plexus and the particular fragment of the intestine. Moreover, it has been shown that BPA generally increases the degree of co-localization of NRG1 with other substances.

scholarly journals Release of Bisphenol A from Milled and 3D-Printed Dental Polycarbonate Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5868
Author(s):  
Antonin Tichy ◽  
Marketa Simkova ◽  
Josef Schweiger ◽  
Pavel Bradna ◽  
Jan-Frederik Güth
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
3D Printed

Polycarbonates are polymers of bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor. This study evaluated the release of BPA from polycarbonate crowns that were (1) milled from Temp Premium Flexible (ZPF, Zirkonzahn, Italy) or Tizian Blank Polycarbonate (TBP, Schütz Dental, Germany), or (2) 3D-printed (Makrolon 2805, Covestro, Germany). Commercial prefabricated polycarbonate crowns (3M, USA) and milled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) crowns (Temp Basic, Zirkonzahn, Italy) were included for comparison. The crowns were stored at 37 °C in artificial saliva (AS) or methanol, which represented the worst-case scenario of BPA release. Extracts were collected after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. BPA concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The amounts of released BPA were expressed in micrograms per gram of material (μg/g). After 1 day, the highest amounts of BPA were measured from milled polycarbonates, TBP (methanol: 32.2 ± 3.8 mg/g, AS: 7.1 ± 0.9 mg/g) and ZPF (methanol 22.8 ± 7.7 mg/g, AS: 0.3 ± 0.03 mg/g), followed by 3D-printed crowns (methanol: 11.1 ± 2.3 mg/g, AS: 0.1 ± 0.1 mg/g) and prefabricated crowns (methanol: 8.0 ± 1.6 mg/g, AS: 0.07 ± 0.02 mg/g). Between 1 week and 3 months, the average daily release of BPA in methanol and AS decreased below 2 mg/g and 0.6 mg/g, respectively. No BPA was released from PMMA in AS, and the cumulative amount released in methanol was 0.2 ± 0.06 mg/g. In conclusion, polycarbonates could be a relevant source of BPA, but the current tolerable daily intake of BPA (4 mg/kg body weight) should not be exceeded.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE MICROORGANISMS POTENTIAL FOR BIODESTRUCTION OF MOTOR FUELS WITH DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
І. Shkilniyk ◽  
S. Boichenko ◽  
S. Shamanskyi ◽  
О. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The transport industry is characterized by a significant impact on the environment by waste from its activities, including motor fuels. The most common pollutants in soils and water bodies, especially urban ones, are hydrocarbons, especially toxic aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of these toxicants degrades the environment and adversely affects the life and health of living organisms. Therefore, the characterization of the impact of motor fuels on the activity of microorganisms with biodestructive potential is important for the controlled disposal of waste transport infrastructure. The article considers the possibility of using different microorganisms to clean soils and reservoirs from contamination by motor fuels with different characteristics by biodegradation. The biodestructive potential of environmentally friendly microorganisms and recovery procedures in case of industrial pollution of petroleum products have also been studied.

scholarly journals Formation and Recognition of UV-Induced DNA Damage within Genome Complexity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6689
Author(s):  
Philippe Johann to Berens ◽  
Jean Molinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Genome Complexity ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
The Impact

Ultraviolet (UV) light is a natural genotoxic agent leading to the formation of photolesions endangering the genomic integrity and thereby the survival of living organisms. To prevent the mutagenetic effect of UV, several specific DNA repair mechanisms are mobilized to accurately maintain genome integrity at photodamaged sites within the complexity of genome structures. However, a fundamental gap remains to be filled in the identification and characterization of factors at the nexus of UV-induced DNA damage, DNA repair, and epigenetics. This review brings together the impact of the epigenomic context on the susceptibility of genomic regions to form photodamage and focuses on the mechanisms of photolesions recognition through the different DNA repair pathways.

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