scholarly journals Effects of a Partially Perforated Flooring System on Ammonia Emissions in Broiler Housing—Conflict of Objectives between Animal Welfare and Environment?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Carolin Adler ◽  
Alexander J. Schmithausen ◽  
Manfred Trimborn ◽  
Sophia Heitmann ◽  
Birgit Spindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nh3 Emission

A partially (50%) perforated flooring system showed positive effects on health- and behavior-based welfare indicators without affecting production performance. Ammonia (NH3) is the most common air pollutant in poultry production, with effects on animal welfare and the environment. The objectives of animal welfare and environmental protection are often incompatible. Therefore, this study addresses the question of how a partially perforated flooring system affects NH3 emissions. According to German regulations, three fattening periods were carried out with 500 Ross 308 broilers per barn (final stocking density: 39 kg m−2). The experimental barn was equipped with an elevated perforated area in the supply section, accessible by perforated ramps. The remaining area in the experimental barn and the control barn were equipped with wood shavings (600 g m−2). Besides the different floor types, management was identical. Air temperature (Temp), relative air humidity (RH), NH3 concentration, and ventilation rate (VR) were measured continuously. Furthermore, dry matter (DM) content, pH, and litter quality were assessed. Towards the end of the fattening periods, the NH3 emission rate (ER) of the partially perforated flooring system was higher compared with that of the littered control barn (all p < 0.001). This effect is mainly caused by the higher NH3 concentrations, which are promoted by the lack of compaction underneath the elevated perforated area and the increase in pH value under aerobic conditions. Nevertheless, the partially perforated flooring system offers different approaches for NH3 reduction that were previously not feasible, potentially contributing equally to animal welfare and environmental protection.

scholarly journals Improved performance of botia fish Chromobotia macracanthus with the utilization of blood clam shell in the recirculation system

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170
Author(s):  
Rani Ria Rizki ◽  
Iis Diatin ◽  
Tatag Budiardi ◽  
Irzal Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Recirculation System ◽  
Blood Clam ◽  
Improved Performance

ABSTRACT   Intermediate and holding rearing of botia face several problems such as the limited land, water quality, and decreased growth. The application of a recirculation culture system using the blood clam filter is increased to water quality and expected to solve the problems. This study aimed to analyze the production performance of botia fish on intermediate and holding rearing in the recirculation system by utilizing blood clams as the filter. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with two factors; clam particle sizes (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm) and dosages (1.4 g/L, 1.8 g/L, and 2.2 g/L). Every experiment was conducted in three replication. The aquarium used in this study was 40×40×60 cm3. The size of fish samples was 3.5 ± 0.5 cm with the stocking density (3 fish/L, each test aquarium). The recirculation system was applied seven days before the fish were stocked. Every 15 days, weight and length of fish were measured (for 60 days). The results of physical (temperature) and chemical (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia dan nitrite) water quality in the recirculation system using the blood clam filter showed good conditions for botia fish. The stress response of botia blood glucose and TKO fluctuates with environmental changes. Mineral water and fish produced by calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus increase until the end of maintenance. There is an interaction at TKH between particle size and the dose of blood shells, whereas, LMPW, LMPL, and RKP significantly different only the use of dose 2.2 g/L.   Keywords:  Clamshells, botia fish, pH value, minerals, recirculation. ABSTRAK   Permasalahan pada proses penampungan ikan botia yaitu keterbatasan lahan, kualitas air yang buruk dan pertumbuhan ikan botia yang lambat. Penerapan sistem resirkulasi menggunakan cangkang darah dapat meningkatkan kualitas air dan kinerja produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja produksi budidaya ikan botia pada sistem resirkulasi dengan pemanfataan cangkang kerang darah sebagai bahan filter. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dua faktor, yaitu ukuran partikel cangkang kerang darah (1 mm, 2 mm, dan 3 mm) dan dosis cangkang kerang darah (1.4g/L, 1.8g/L dan 2.2g/L). Setiap perlakuan dilakukan dengan tiga kali ulangan. Akuarium yang digunakan dalam penelitian berukuran 40×40×60 cm3. Ikan yang digunakan berukuran 3.5 ± 0.5 cm dengan padat tebar 3 ekor/L. Sistem resirkulasi dioperasikan selama tujuh hari sebelum ikan ditebar. Bobot dan panjang ikan diukur setiap 15 hari selama 60 hari pemeliharaan. Penelitian dalam sistem resirkulasi menggunakan cangkang kerang darah pada media filter menghasilkan kondisi kualitas air suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, amonia dan nitrit air. Respons stres ikan berupa glukosa darah dan tingkat konsumsi oksigen (TKO) berfluktuasi seiring dengan perubahan lingkungan. Mineral air dan ikan yang dihasilkan meliputi kalsium, magnesium dan fosfos meningkat hingga akhir pemeliharaan. Parameter tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH) memiliki interaksi  antara ukuran partikel dan dosis cangkang kerang darah, sedangkan untuk laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak (LPMB), laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak (LPMP) dan rasio konversi pakan (RKP) berbeda nyata dengan penggunaan dosis 2.2 g/L.   Kata kunci:  Cangkang kerang darah, ikan botia, pH, mineral, resirkulasi.

scholarly journals Stocking density: Factor of production performance, quality and broiler welfare

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Skrbic ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Density Factor ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Intensive Development

Significance of stocking density in broiler production i.e. production performance, vitality and health condition of chickens, was established at the beginning of development of industrial poultry production. However, considering intensive development of selection work and creation of more productive genotypes which, at the same time, were more demanding in regard to rearing conditions, the current importance of this research is not diminished. In favour of this statement is also the complexity of the effect of stocking density which is direct, indirect, and interacted with other factors of rearing, which eventually reflects on all aspects of broiler production: economical efficiency, quality of products and broiler welfare aspects. In the paper a review of research results is presented with general objective to define optimal stocking density in broiler production based on comparison of effects on production performances, parameters of carcass quality and indicators of broiler welfare.

scholarly journals Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Veerasamy Sejian ◽  
Mullakkalparambil V. Silpa ◽  
Mini R. Reshma Nair ◽  
Chinnasamy Devaraj ◽  
Govindan Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Climates

This review attempted to collate and synthesize information on goat welfare and production constraints during heat stress exposure. Among the farm animals, goats arguably are considered the best-suited animals to survive in tropical climates. Heat stress was found to negatively influence growth, milk and meat production and compromised the immune response, thereby significantly reducing goats’ welfare under extensive conditions and transportation. Although considered extremely adapted to tropical climates, their production can be compromised to cope with heat stress. Therefore, information on goat adaptation and production performance during heat exposure could help assess their welfare. Such information would be valuable as the farming communities are often struggling in their efforts to assess animal welfare, especially in tropical regions. Broadly three aspects must be considered to ensure appropriate welfare in goats, and these include (i) housing and environment; (ii) breeding and genetics and (iii) handling and transport. Apart from these, there are a few other negative welfare factors in goat rearing, which differ across the production system being followed. Such negative practices are predominant in extensive systems and include nutritional stress, limited supply of good quality water, climatic extremes, parasitic infestation and lameness, culminating in low production, reproduction and high mortality rates. Broadly two types of methodologies are available to assess welfare in goats in these systems: (i) animal-based measures include behavioral measurements, health and production records and disease symptoms; (ii) resources based and management-based measures include stocking density, manpower, housing conditions and health plans. Goat welfare could be assessed based on several indicators covering behavioral, physical, physiological and productive responses. The important indicators of goat welfare include agonistic behavior, vocalization, skin temperature, body condition score (BCS), hair coat conditions, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, sweating, reduced growth, reduced milk production and reduced reproductive efficiency. There are also different approaches available by which the welfare of goats could be assessed, such as naturalistic, functional and subjective approaches. Thus, assessing welfare in goats at every production stage is a prerequisite for ensuring appropriate production in this all-important species to guarantee optimum returns to the marginal and subsistence farmers.

scholarly journals Active Yeast but Not Henhouse Environment Affects Dropping Moisture Levels in Egg-Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
Xue Cheng ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Zhong Wang ◽  
Lujiang Qu ◽  
Zhonghua Ning
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Laying Performance

Dropping moisture (DM) refers to the water content in feces. High DM negatively affects poultry production, environment, production costs, and animal health. Heredity, nutrition, environment, and disease may affect DM level. DM has medium inheritability and is related to cage height in henhouses. We examined the relationship among DM level, production performance, and environmental factors at different locations at the same henhouse height and effects of three types of additives. We measured the correlation between environmental factors including temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, absolute pressure, and DM levels and laying performance of 934 Rhode Island Red hens. DM level was not significantly associated with environmental factors or production performance. We divided 64 persistently high DM hens into control and treatment groups supplied with different additives (probiotics, anisodamine, and antibiotics). DM levels, laying performance, egg quality, and serum biochemical indices were determined. Compared with the control and antibiotics, probiotics significantly reduced DM levels and eggshell strength while improving yolk color but did not significantly affect production performance. The additives reduced the b value of eggshell color; compared with probiotics, anisodamine decreased serum globulin levels. Exogenous active yeast supplementation can significantly reduce DM levels.

scholarly journals The effect of water level in vertical aquaculture systems on production performance, biochemistry, hematology, and histology of Anguilla bicolor bicolor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Harianto ◽  
Eddy Supriyono ◽  
Tatag Budiardi ◽  
Ridwan Affandi ◽  
Yani Hadiroseyani
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Skin Epidermis

AbstractThe water level in the cultivation of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an important study in order to provide the optimal water level for cultivation. Optimizing the water level will affect the substitution of respiration energy with energy to grow. In addition, the water level information is related to the efficiency of water use for eel production in the future. Information on water level for eel production is still very limited, so this research is necessary to do. A total of 120 eel elver (initial weight 13.66 ± 0.09 g) were collected from eel companies in Bogor City, Indonesia. Fish were reared in vertical aquaculture systems with a stocking density of 10 fish per container for 60 days. The artificial feed containing 55% protein given as much as 3–5% of the biomass. Absorption and water replacement were done 20% per day. The result of this research showed that fish weight increased with an average of 33.45 ± 0.33 g. Different water levels had an impact to KKb, SGOT, ALP, and He. There was erosion of the skin epidermis and necrosis of the gill filaments due to the adaptation process. Water quality was within the optimum range for all treatments and 1.5 cm water level is recommended for maintenance (SGOT, ALP and He values were closest to normal values).

scholarly journals Costs and Benefits of Improving Farm Animal Welfare

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Jill N. Fernandes ◽  
Paul H. Hemsworth ◽  
Grahame J. Coleman ◽  
Alan J. Tilbrook
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Course Of Action

It costs money to improve the welfare of farm animals. For people with animals under their care, there are many factors to consider regarding changes in practice to improve welfare, and the optimal course of action is not always obvious. Decision support systems for animal welfare, such as economic cost–benefit analyses, are lacking. This review attempts to provide clarity around the costs and benefits of improving farm animal welfare, thereby enabling the people with animals under their care to make informed decisions. Many of the costs are obvious. For example, training of stockpeople, reconfiguration of pens, and administration of pain relief can improve welfare, and all incur costs. Other costs are less obvious. For instance, there may be substantial risks to market protection, consumer acceptance, and social licence to farm associated with not ensuring good animal welfare. The benefits of improving farm animal welfare are also difficult to evaluate from a purely economic perspective. Although it is widely recognised that animals with poor welfare are unlikely to produce at optimal levels, there may be benefits of improving animal welfare that extend beyond production gains. These include benefits to the animal, positive effects on the workforce, competitive advantage for businesses, mitigation of risk, and positive social consequences. We summarise these considerations into a decision tool that can assist people with farm animals under their care, and we highlight the need for further empirical evidence to improve decision-making in animal welfare.

scholarly journals Production performance and business analysis of clown loach Chromobotia macracanthus (Bleeker 1852) in recirculating systems with different stocking densities and water discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Riska Puluhulawa ◽  
Tatag Budiardi ◽  
Iis Diatin ◽  
Irzal Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Recirculate Aquaculture System ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Absolute Growth

Efforts to improve the production performance of clown loach in recirculate aquaculture system can be done by increasing stocking density and water discharge. This study aimed to analyze the effect of increasing stocking density and water discharge on production performance, stress response and water quality in order to obtain the best stocking density and water discharge to obtain maximum profit in a short time. A factorial completely randomized design with two factors, i.e. the stocking density of 1, 2, and 3 fish L-1 and the water discharge of 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 L s-1 was performed. The volume of water used in each aquarium was 48 L and using a ½ inch faucet stop to regulate the water discharge from the inlet pipe. Clown fish fed Tubifex sp. with a feeding frequency of two times a day according to the treatment for 60 days. The result indicates that there was no interaction between the two factors on production performance, payback period, and R/C ratio. Stocking density has a significant effect on specific growth rate, absolute growth rate of individual weight, feeding consumption rate and R/C ratio of clown loach. Stocking density and water discharge had an interaction on the visual color of pectoral and caudal fins of clown loach. Different stocking densities with the combination of water discharge in this study resulted that the water quality were within tolerable range for clown loach so that they did not experience stress, as well as high production and business performance. It is recommended to intensify clown loach with a stocking density of 3 fish L-1 and 0,15 L s-1‑ of water discharge.

scholarly journals Effects of Using Hazelnut Husk, Wood Shaving and of the Mixture at Different Thicknesses on Broiler Performances, Some Organ Weights, Foot-Pad Dermatitis and Litter Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399-1404
Author(s):  
Musa Sarıca ◽  
Kadir Erensoy
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Litter Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Hazelnut Husk ◽  
Wood Shaving ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
The Cost

This study was carried out to determine the effects of the use of hazelnut husk (HH), wood shavings (WS) and the mixture of 50% hazelnut husk + 50% wood shavings (MIX) in two different thicknesses (4 and 8 cm) as a litter material in broiler production. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experimental design (3 litter type and 2 thickness) and stocking density was 10 chickens per m2. At 6 wk. of age, the effect of litter types and thicknesses on broiler live weights, feed efficiency, and livability, were not significant. Also, no differences were found in terms of gizzard, digestive tract, abdominal fat and edible internal organ weight percentages. While carcass yield varied between litter groups, there was no difference between litter thicknesses. The litter moisture levels at the end of the trial were not affected the litter type and litter thickness, while the foot pad dermatitis (FPD) rates were significantly affected. The highest FPD levels were determined in the HH litter and 4 cm thickness. As a result, the use of HH, WS and MIX of them with a thickness of 4 and 8 cm had no effect on other traits except for FPD levels. It has been observed that these litter materials may be used successfully in broiler production and use of 8 cm thickness litter has minor positive effects except that the cost of litter has doubled.

Dairy cow welfare: the role of research and development in addressing increasing scrutiny

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Fisher ◽  
J. R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Dairy Management ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Cow Welfare

Pasture-based dairying in New Zealand and Australia has come under increasing animal welfare scrutiny as a result of changing public expectations for farm animal management. Concurrently, efficiency-driven changes in dairy management practices and a broadening of the feedbase beyond traditionally grazed pasture have resulted in increased intensification and stocking density within the dairy industries. This intensification has included a higher proportion of grain concentrates in the diet (particularly in Australia), and the greater management of cows off pasture and even in housing (particularly in New Zealand). Research to assess the animal welfare implications of these changes and to recommend good practice management has concentrated on issues of cow environments and cow feeding, including body condition. Research has shown that cows may be managed for a few hours per day on concrete surfaces without compromising their lying behaviour and other indicators of welfare, but that longer periods off pasture require the provision of a well drained and comfortable lying surface. Other research has defined the extremes of hot and cold/wet conditions beyond which cows benefit from provision of adequate shade and shelter. Research on cow body condition has indicated that welfare responses are aligned with measures of health and productivity in supporting the need to maintain a minimum body condition before calving and during the subsequent weight loss period of early lactation. Continued research, extension and industry adoption will enable dairy producers to address community expectations as they continue to change their farming practices.

Green Information System for a Sustainable Enterprise

2019 ◽  
pp. 624-642
Author(s):  
Laura-Diana Radu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Agile Model ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
Time Information ◽  
Model Life Cycle

The changes made in the environment as a consequence of massive industrialization led to a change in the vision of mankind on how organizations should interact with the ecosystem. In the same time information system has a key role in their activity. The increasing their use is accompanied by positive effects. This chapter presents the changes necessary for transformation traditional information systems in green information system. The organization's motivations to develop and implement strategies and regulations for environmental protection are varied. They can be the organization's internal drivers, such as reducing delivery costs, increasing efficiency, improving market reputation, and external, such as government legislation or policies, regulations, competition. Changes necessary to implement green information system are presented based on agile model life cycle and in accord with organizations objectives.

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