scholarly journals Enrichment for Laboratory Zebrafish—A Review of the Evidence and the Challenges

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Chloe H. Stevens ◽  
Barney T. Reed ◽  
Penny Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
General Provision ◽  
Reducing Stress

Good practice for the housing and care of laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio is an increasingly discussed topic, with focus on appropriate water quality parameters, stocking densities, feeding regimes, anaesthesia and analgesia practices, methods of humane killing, and more. One area of current attention is around the provision of environmental enrichment. Enrichment is accepted as an essential requirement for meeting the behavioural needs and improving the welfare of many laboratory animal species, but in general, provision for zebrafish is minimal. Some of those involved in the care and use of zebrafish suggest there is a ‘lack of evidence’ that enrichment has welfare benefits for this species, or cite a belief that zebrafish do not ‘need’ enrichment. Concerns are also sometimes raised around the practical challenges of providing enrichments, or that they may impact on the science being undertaken. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that various forms of enrichment are preferred by zebrafish over a barren tank, and that enriched conditions can improve welfare by reducing stress and anxiety. This review explores the effects that enrichment can have on zebrafish behaviour, physiology and welfare, and considers the challenges to facilities of providing more enrichment for the zebrafish they house.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia of laboratory, aquaculture and ornamental fish: Proceedings of the first LASA-FVS Symposium

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722199840
Author(s):  
Paul Schroeder ◽  
Richard Lloyd ◽  
Robin McKimm ◽  
Matthijs Metselaar ◽  
Jorge Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Aquarium Fish ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Science Association

Following on from the Annual Fish Veterinary Society Conference, this symposium was organised with the Laboratory Animal Science Association and brought together experts from ornamental (pond and aquarium) fish practice, aquaculture and aquatic-research facilities to discuss good practice of anaesthesia. This proceedings paper gives an overview of relevant experiences involving a range of immersion drugs including tricaine, benzocaine and isoeugenol, as well as a summary of the main topics of discussion. While fish anaesthesia is commonplace, administration methods, drugs and monitoring procedures may often be regarded as antiquated when compared with mammalian practice. These limitations notwithstanding, individual fish will benefit from good anaesthetic monitoring. Although the most common anaesthetic drugs may be perceived as equally efficacious and therefore interchangeable for different settings, challenges are different for the anaesthesia of grouped fish, when determining species-dependent anaesthetic dosing in a multi-species tank, or adapting to farming requirements, nationally licensed products, costs and withdrawal periods. The fish anaesthetic arsenal fails to address premedication, analgesia and issues of averseness. The two latter factors should be part of the evaluation of anaesthetic protocols; therefore, instructions for the analgesic provision of lidocaine to fin clipped zebrafish are proposed. Euthanasia practices could sometimes be refined too. Alternative physical methods such as electrical stunning are options to be considered.

scholarly journals Laboratory Animal Models for Brucellosis Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teane M. A. Silva ◽  
Erica A. Costa ◽  
Tatiane A. Paixão ◽  
Renée M. Tsolis ◽  
Renato L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
The World

Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused byBrucellaspp., a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. Human brucellosis is considered the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis in the world and is characterized by fever, weight loss, depression, hepato/splenomegaly, osteoarticular, and genital infections. Relevant aspects ofBrucellapathogenesis have been intensively investigated in culture cells and animal models. The mouse is the animal model more commonly used to study chronic infection caused byBrucella. This model is most frequently used to investigate specific pathogenic factors ofBrucellaspp., to characterize the host immune response, and to evaluate therapeutics and vaccines. Other animal species have been used as models for brucellosis including rats, guinea pigs, and monkeys. This paper discusses the murine and other laboratory animal models for human and animal brucellosis.

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities in human liver microsomes and in some laboratory animal species

1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 2507-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A. Boutin ◽  
Alain Jacquier ◽  
Anne-Marie Batt ◽  
Philippe Marlière ◽  
Gérard Siest
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Human Liver Microsomes ◽  
Udp Glucuronosyltransferase

Haptoglobin measurements in a number of laboratory animal species

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
A. K. Walker ◽  
B. A. Ganney ◽  
G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species

scholarly journals Environmental Complexity, but Not Stocking Density, Positively Impacts Affective States of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Anderson ◽  
A.M. Campbell ◽  
A. Crump ◽  
G. Arnott ◽  
L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Food Motivation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Judgement Bias

Abstract Affective state can bias an animal’s judgement. Animals in positive affective states can interpret ambiguous cues more positively (“optimistically”) than animals in negative affective states. Thus, judgement bias tests can determine an animal’s affective state through their responses to ambiguous cues. We tested the effects of environmental complexity and stocking density on affective states of broiler chickens through a multimodal judgement bias test. Broilers were trained to approach reinforced locations signaled by one color and not to approach unreinforced locations signaled by a different color. Trained birds were tested for latencies to approach three ambiguous cues of intermediate color and location. Broilers discriminated between cues, with shorter latencies to approach ambiguous cues closest to the reinforced cue than cues closest to the unreinforced cue, validating the use of the test in this context. Broilers housed in high-complexity pens approached ambiguous cues faster than birds in low-complexity pens­–an optimistic judgement bias, suggesting the former were in a more positive affective state. Broilers from high-density pens tended to approach all cues faster than birds from low-density pens, possibly because resource competition in their home pen increased food motivation. Overall, our study suggests that environmental complexity improves broilers’ affective states, implying animal welfare benefits of environmental enrichment.

scholarly journals Uncontrolled Outdoor Access for Cats: An Assessment of Risks and Benefits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M.L. Tan ◽  
Anastasia C. Stellato ◽  
Lee Niel
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Behavioral Needs

Uncontrolled outdoor access is associated with a number of welfare concerns for companion cats, including increased risks of disease and parasites, injury or death due to traffic, predation or ingestion of toxic substances, and getting permanently separated from their owner. In addition, cats pose a threat to local wildlife due to predatory behaviors, and can sometimes be a nuisance to human neighbors. Despite these concerns, recent estimates suggest that many owners are still providing their cats with uncontrolled outdoor access, likely because it also offers welfare benefits by allowing cats to perform natural behaviors, such as hunting, exploring, and climbing. While some have suggested that outdoor access is necessary to meet cats’ behavioral needs and to prevent related behavioral problems, others have recommended various environmental enrichment strategies that can be developed to meet these needs within an indoor environment or through supervised and controlled outdoor access. This review examines the welfare issues and benefits associated with outdoor access for cats, as well as what is currently known about peoples’ practices, knowledge, and attitudes about the provision of outdoor access for cats.

scholarly journals Nutritional Properties of Camelids and Equids Fresh and Fermented Milk

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-302
Author(s):  
Paolo Polidori ◽  
Natalina Cammertoni ◽  
Giuseppe Santini ◽  
Yulia Klimanova ◽  
Jing-Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Dairy Animal

Milk is considered a complete food because all of the nutrients important to fulfill a newborn’s daily requirements are present, including vitamins and minerals, ensuring the correct growth rate. A large amount of global milk production is represented by cow, goat, and sheep milks; these species produce about 87% of the milk available all over the world. However, the milk obtained by minor dairy animal species is a basic food and an important family business in several parts of the world. Milk nutritional properties from a wide range of minor dairy animal species have not been totally determined. Hot temperatures and the lack of water and feed in some arid and semi-arid areas negatively affect dairy cows; in these countries, milk supply for local nomadic populations is provided by camels and dromedaries. The nutritional quality in the milk obtained from South American camelids has still not been completely investigated, the possibility of creating an economic resource for the people living in the Andean highlands must be evaluated. Both mare and donkey milks show a chemical composition very similar to human milk, and they represent a good replacer of cows’ milk for infants nutrition, especially for children affected by cow milk proteins allergy. In this review, differences and similarities in the quality parameters of milk from minor dairy animals, such as camelids and equids, have been compared.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Refinement of Non-Human Primate Vaccine Studies

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Mark J. Prescott ◽  
Carolyn Clark ◽  
William E. Dowling ◽  
Amy C. Shurtleff
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
High Quality ◽  
National Centre ◽  
High Standards ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
Human Primate

Non-human primates (NHPs) are used extensively in the development of vaccines and therapeutics for human disease. High standards in the design, conduct, and reporting of NHP vaccine studies are crucial for maximizing their scientific value and translation, and for making efficient use of precious resources. A key aspect is consideration of the 3Rs principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement. Funders of NHP research are placing increasing emphasis on the 3Rs, helping to ensure such studies are legitimate, ethical, and high-quality. The UK’s National Centre for the 3Rs (NC3Rs) and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) have collaborated on a range of initiatives to support vaccine developers to implement the 3Rs, including hosting an international workshop in 2019. The workshop identified opportunities to refine NHP vaccine studies to minimize harm and improve welfare, which can yield better quality, more reproducible data. Careful animal selection, social housing, extensive environmental enrichment, training for cooperation with husbandry and procedures, provision of supportive care, and implementation of early humane endpoints are features of contemporary good practice that should and can be adopted more widely. The requirement for high-level biocontainment for some pathogens imposes challenges to implementing refinement but these are not insurmountable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document