scholarly journals Efficiency of GnRH–Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Inducing LH Secretion and Fertile Ovulations in Protocols for Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Does

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Eman M. Hassanein ◽  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Kheir El-Din M. El-Azrak ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes ◽  
Gamal A. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Routes Of Administration

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)–loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GnRH–ChNPs) were used at different doses and routes of administration to induce ovulation in rabbits as an attempt to improve artificial insemination (AI) procedures and outcomes. In this study, the characteristics (size, polydispersity, loading efficiency, and zeta-potential) of GnRH–ChNPs and the GnRH release pattern were determined in an in vitro study. A first in vivo study assessed the pituitary and ovarian response to different GnRH–ChNPs doses and routes of administration (two i.m. doses, Group HM = 0.4 µg and Group QM = 0.2 µg, and two intravaginal doses, Group HV = 4 µg and Group QV = 2 µg) against a control group (C) receiving bare GnRH (0.8 µg). The HM, QM, and HV treatments induced an earlier LH-surge (90 min) than that observed in group C (120 min), whilst the QV treatment failed to induce such LH surge. The number of ovulation points was similar among treatments, except for the QV treatment (no ovulation points). A second in vivo study was consequently developed to determine the hormonal (progesterone, P4, and estradiol, E2) profile and pregnancy outcomes of both HM and HV treatments against group C. The treatment HM, but not the treatment HV, showed adequate P4 and E2 concentrations, conception and parturition rates, litter size, litter weight, and viability rate at birth. Overall, the use of GnRH–ChNPs allows for a reduction in the conventional intramuscular GnRH dose to half without compromising fertility. However, the addition of GnRH–ChNPs to semen extenders, although successfully inducing ovulation, has negative impacts on fertility. Thus, more studies are needed to explore this point and allow further adjustments.

Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on the Pharmacokinetics of Ticagrelor in Vivo and Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Hu ◽  
Ying-hui Li ◽  
Nan-Yong Gao ◽  
Guo-quan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group B

This study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and the metabolism of ticagrelor in human CYP3A4 and liver microsomes. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group), group B (50mg/kg resveratrol), and group C (150mg/kg resveratrol ). After 30 minutes administration of resveratrol, a single dose of ticagrelor (18mg/kg) was administered orally. The vitro experiment was performed to examine the influence of resveratrol on ticagrelor metabolism in CYP3A4*1, human, and rat liver microsomes. Serial biological samples were assayed by validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. In vivo study, the AUC and Cmax of ticagrelor in group B and C appeared to be significantly higher than the control group, while Vz/F and CLz/F of ticagrelor in group B and C were significantly decreased. In vitro study, resveratrol exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4*1, human and rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 56.75μM，69.07μM and 14.22μM, respectively. Our results indicated that resveratrol had a inhibitory effect on the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro and vivo. It should be paid more attention to the clinical combination of resveratrol with ticagrelor and ticagrelor plasma concentration should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction.

scholarly journals Effects of Berries on High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
Patricia Perez ◽  
Desiree Wanders ◽  
Hannah Land ◽  
Kathryn Chiang ◽  
Rami Najjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objectives Studies suggest that inflammation mediates the link between obesity and its comorbidities including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hence, there is a demand for effective alternative or complementary approaches to treat obesity-associated inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of blackberries (BL) and raspberries (RB) alone or in combination reduce obesity-induced inflammation. Methods In Vitro Study: RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with either BL, RB, or BL + RB, each at a final concentration of 200 µg/mL for 2 h. LPS (1 ng/mL) was then added to the media for 16 h. mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured. In Vivo Study: Five-week-old mice were acclimated to a low-fat low-sucrose (LFLS) diet for one week after which mice were randomized 10 per group to one of five groups: 1) LFLS, 2) high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS), 3) HFHS + 10% BL, 4) HFHS + 10% RB, or 5) HFHS + 5% BL + 5% RB. Expression of inflammatory markers was measured in the liver as well as epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue. Results In Vitro Study: Each berry alone and in combination suppressed the LPS-induced increase in inflammatory markers, with the combination (BL + RB) having the greatest effect. The combination suppressed LPS-induced expression of Ccl2, Tnfa, F4/80, and Il6 by 3.7−, 5.3−, 5.3−, and 4.4-fold, respectively. In Vivo Study: Gene expression analysis indicated that berry consumption had no significant effect on proinflammatory (Ccl2, Il1b, Tnfa, Il6, Itgam) or anti-inflammatory (Adipoq, Arg1, Mgl1) markers in adipose tissue depots or liver. However, relatively low gene expression of inflammatory markers in the tissues indicates that the mice fed the HFHS diet failed to develop a robust inflammatory state. Conclusions BL and RB have direct anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. Initial analysis indicates that consumption of BL and RB has no significant effects on markers of inflammation in a diet-induced mouse model of obesity. However, it is possible that the relatively low levels of inflammation in these mice masked the anti-inflammatory potential of BL and RB. Ongoing analysis will provide additional insights into the effects of BL and RB on inflammation in these tissues. Funding Sources Lewis Foundation Award.

scholarly journals Chitosan Nanoparticles of 5-Fluorouracil for Ophthalmic Delivery: Characterization, in-Vitro and in-Vivo Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chand Nagarwal ◽  
Paras Nath Singh ◽  
Shri Kant ◽  
Pralay Maiti ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Ophthalmic Delivery

Effect of Arecoline on Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Nerves

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 865-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Chi Lee ◽  
Chin-Chuan Tsai ◽  
Chun-Hsu Yao ◽  
Yuan-Man Hsu ◽  
Yueh-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

The present study provides in vitro and in vivo evaluation of arecoline on peripheral nerve regeneration. In the in vitro study, we found that arecoline at 50 μg/ml could significantly promote the survival and outgrowth of cultured Schwann cells as compared to the controls treated with culture medium only. In the in vivo study, we evaluated peripheral nerve regeneration across a 10-mm gap in the sciatic nerve of the rat, using a silicone rubber nerve chamber filled with the arecoline solution. In the control group, the chambers were filled with normal saline only. At the end of the fourth week, morphometric data revealed that the arecoline-treated group at 5 μg/ml significantly increased the number and the density of myelinated axons as compared to the controls. Immunohistochemical staining in the arecoline-treated animals at 5 μg/ml also showed their neural cells in the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral to the injury were strongly retrograde-labeled with fluorogold and lamina I–II regions in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the injury were significantly calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunolabeled compared with the controls. In addition, we found that the number of macrophages recruited in the distal sciatic nerve was increased as the concentration of arecoline was increased. Electrophysiological measurements showed the arecoline-treated groups at 5 and 50 μg/ml had a relatively larger nerve conductive velocity of the evoked muscle action potentials compared to the controls. These results indicate that arecoline could stimulate local inflammatory conditions, improving the recovery of a severe peripheral nerve injury.

scholarly journals Microbiological and SEM-EDS Evaluation of Titanium Surfaces Exposed to Periodontal Gel: In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardi ◽  
Serena Bianchi ◽  
Anna Rita Tomei ◽  
Maria Adelaide Continenza ◽  
Guido Macchiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Implant Dentistry

Inflammatory diseases affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding an implant represent a new challenge in contemporary implant dentistry. Among several methods proposed for the decontamination of titanium surfaces, the administration of topical 14% doxycycline gel seems to be a reliable option. In the present study, we evaluated the microbial effect of 14% doxycycline gel applied on titanium surfaces and exposed to human salivary microbes in anaerobic conditions. We also examined the composition of the exposed surfaces to assess the safe use of periodontal gel on titanium surfaces. Six anatase and six type 5 alloy titanium surfaces were used and divided into two groups: The test group and the positive control group. Both were cultured with human salivary samples in anaerobic conditions. On the test groups, 240 mg of periodontal gel was applied. The microbial assessment was performed with a colony-forming unit (CFU) count and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) to identify the species. The surface integrity was assessed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results demonstrated the microbial efficacy of the 14% doxycycline periodontal gel and its safe use on titanium surfaces. However, the SEM observations revealed the permanence of the gel on the titanium surfaces due to the physical composition of the gel. This permanence needs to be further investigated in vivo and a final polishing protocol on the titanium surface is recommended.

Innovative, Replaceable Heart Valve: Concept, In Vitro Study, and Acute In Vivo Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyotaka Fukamachi ◽  
Yoshio Ootaki ◽  
Chiyo Ootaki ◽  
Masatoshi Akiyama ◽  
Keiji Kamohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Study
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