0078 In utero exposure to heat stress during late gestation has prolonged negative effects on activity patterns of dairy calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
E. K. Miller-Cushon ◽  
K. C. Horvath ◽  
G. E. Dahl ◽  
J. Laporta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Negative Effects

scholarly journals In utero exposure to heat stress during late gestation has prolonged effects on the activity patterns and growth of dairy calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 2976-2984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Laporta ◽  
T.F. Fabris ◽  
A.L. Skibiel ◽  
J.L. Powell ◽  
M.J. Hayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
In Utero Exposure

Distribution of mercury in guinea pig offspring after in utero exposure to mercury vapor during late gestation

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yoshida ◽  
Yukio Yamamura ◽  
Hiroshi Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
In Utero Exposure

scholarly journals Late-Gestation in utero Heat Stress Limits Dairy Heifer Early-Life Growth and Organ Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Dado-Senn ◽  
Sena L. Field ◽  
Brittney D. Davidson ◽  
Leticia T. Casarotto ◽  
Marcela G. Marrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
The Relationship

Dairy calves exposed to late-gestation heat stress weigh less, have impaired immunity, produce less milk across multiple lactations, and have reduced productive life. However, less is known about the relationship between in utero heat stress and organ morphology and development. Herein, we characterized the consequences of late-gestation in utero heat stress on body and organ growth trajectories during early-life development. Holstein heifers were either in utero heat-stressed (IU-HT, n = 36, dams exposed to THI > 68) or cooled (IU-CL, n = 37, dams exposed to THI > 68 with access to active cooling) during late gestation (54 ± 5 d prepartum). All heifers were reared identically from birth to weaning. Upon birth, calves were weighed and fed 3.78 L of colostrum followed by 0.87 kg DM/d milk replacer (MR) over two feedings and ad libitum starter concentrate daily. Weaning began at 49 d and ended at 56 d of age. Feed intake was recorded daily, and body weight (BW) and other growth measures were recorded at 0, 28, 56, and 63 d. Blood was collected at d 1 then weekly. Subsets of heifers were selected for euthanasia at birth and 7 d after complete weaning (n = 8 per group each) to harvest and weigh major organs. Reduced BW and stature measures persisted in IU-HT heifers from 0 to 63 d of age with a 7% lower average daily gain and reduced starter consumption relative to IU-CL heifers. IU-HT heifers had lower hematocrit percentages and reduced apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG relative to IU-CL heifers. Additionally, IU-HT heifers had reduced gross thymus, spleen, thyroid gland, and heart weight at birth and larger adrenal glands and kidneys but smaller ovaries relative to BW at 63 d. The mammary gland of IU-HT heifers was smaller relative to IU-CL heifers at birth and 63 d adjusted for BW, suggesting mechanisms leading to impaired milk yield in mature IU-HT cows are initiated early in development. In summary, in utero heat stress reduces whole-body size and limits development of key organs with potential repercussions on dairy calf metabolic adaptation, immune function, and future productivity.

scholarly journals Effect of late-gestation maternal heat stress on growth and immune function of dairy calves

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 7128-7136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tao ◽  
A.P.A. Monteiro ◽  
I.M. Thompson ◽  
M.J. Hayen ◽  
G.E. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dairy Calves

scholarly journals 36 Evaluation and mitigation of the effects of in utero heat stress on pig performance following weaning and transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Jacob M Maskal ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kouassi R Kpodo ◽  
Betty R McConn ◽  
Christopher Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract In utero heat stress (IUHS) negatively affects swine productivity and is a growing concern for the swine industry. The study objective was to evaluate and mitigate the negative effects of IUHS on pig performance following weaning and transport. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that IUHS pigs would have reduced performance relative to in utero thermoneutral (IUTN) pigs due to greater maintenance costs and supplementing a nutrient-dense (ND) diet would improve IUHS pig performance to similar levels as IUTN pigs fed a common (C) diet. Therefore, 24 bred gilts were assigned to either thermoneutral (TN; n = 12; 17.5 ± 2.1°C) or heat stress (HS; n = 12; cyclical 27°C to 37°C) conditions for the first half of gestation (d1 to 58) and then TN conditions for the remainder of gestation. At weaning (16.2 ± 0.4 d), pigs (N = 160; 4.78 ± 0.15 kg BW) were transported (loading + transport + unloading) for approximately 12h. Pigs were then blocked into pens (n = 4 pigs/pen) by in utero and dietary treatments which were fed for 14 d (Period-1): IUTN-C (n = 10 pens), IUTN-ND (n = 10 pens), IUHS-C (n = 10 pens), IUHS-ND (n = 10 pens). Following Period-1, all pigs were fed the C diet from d15 to 35 post-weaning and transport (Period-2). Production measures were taken on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post-weaning and transport to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. During Period-1, ADG was reduced overall (P = 0.03, 10.6%) for IUHS pigs compared to IUTN pigs. Pigs fed ND diets had reduced ADFI during Period-1 (P = 0.02, 8.8%) relative to C fed pigs, regardless of in utero treatment. During Period-2, ADFI was increased (P = 0.03, 4.7%) in ND versus C pigs, regardless of in utero treatment. In summary, increasing the nutrient density of the diet did not rescue the lost productivity of IUHS pigs as indicated by an overall reduction in ADG.

scholarly journals Chronic heat stress delays immune system development and alters serotonin signaling in pre-weaned dairy calves

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252474
Author(s):  
Marcela G. Marrero ◽  
Bethany Dado-Senn ◽  
Sena L. Field ◽  
Guan Yang ◽  
John P. Driver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
System Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
Developmental Windows

Exposure to heat stress can alter the development and immune system function in dairy calves. Serotonin is an immunomodulatory biogenic amine that functions as a neurotransmitter and as a stress-response mediator. Our objectives were to characterize the patterns of serum serotonin concentrations and the pattern of serotonin-related genes expressed by immune cells of calves exposed to chronic heat stress or heat stress abatement during early life, and to explore whether these might relate to immune system development. Dairy calves were exposed to chronic heat stress (HS; n = 6) or heat stress abatement (cooling, CL; n = 6) across the prenatal (late gestation, last 46 d) and postnatal (from birth to weaning, 56 d) developmental windows. Blood samples were collected to harvest serum (weekly, from d 1 to 49), to isolate of circulating leukocyte mRNA (at 1, 21 and 42 d of age) and characterize immune cell populations by flow cytometry (at 21 and 47 d of age). Calves exposed to chronic heat stress pre- and postnatally had lower red blood cell counts and lower circulating serotonin, immunoglobulin G, and B-lymphocytes compared to CL calves. Circulating blood leukocyte mRNA expression of serotonin receptors -1A, -1F, -4 and -5 was greater, while heat shock protein 70 and immune-related genes (i.e., TBX21, TLR4, and TGFβ) were lower in HS relative to CL calves. Peripheral blood leukocytes from all calves secreted serotonin and interleukin-6 after in-vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation. However, the HS calves produced more serotonin and less interleukin-6 than CL calves when activated in-vitro. Together, our data suggest that providing heat stress abatement to dairy calves across prenatal and postnatal developmental windows might modulate the serotonin synthesis pathway in ways that may benefit humoral immunity against microbial pathogens.

scholarly journals 376 Awardee Talk: Consequences of Heat Stress During Late Gestation for the Dairy Cow and Her Calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As global temperatures continue to rise, heat stress emerges as a growing threat to animal productivity and well-being. Because of their high feed intake and metabolic heat production, dairy cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress and the complications of that environmental insult. A significant knowledge base exists around the impact of heat stress during lactation, but more recent emphasis about impacts on the dry cow, and by extension on the developing fetus, have yielded new insights to inform management of heat stress throughout the production cycle. Heat stress at dry-off slows involution and reduces mammary cell proliferation as parturition approaches. Immune responses, both innate and acquired, are reduced with heat stress and can persist into lactation. Calves whose dams experience heat stress late in gestation have lower birthweights, poorer passive transfer and altered carbohydrate metabolism relative to calves from cooled dams. Calves from heat-stressed dams leave the herd at a higher rate before puberty compared with those from cooled dams, and thus fewer complete the first lactation. More importantly, in utero heat stress causes epigenetic changes in methylation patterns of liver and mammary tissue, and those differences are associated with yield reductions that are transferred through at least two generations, producing a drag on animal performance long after the initial in utero insult. Therefore, appropriate management of heat stress in the dry cow is critical to optimize performance of the cow and calf.

509: In Utero Exposure to the UV Stabilizer Benzophenone-2 Causes Hypospadias in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Michael H. Hsieh ◽  
Erin Cheasty ◽  
Emily J. Willingham ◽  
Benchun Liu ◽  
Laurence S. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure

Effect of In-Utero Exposure to High Dose Diethylstilbestrol on Intervertebral Disk in Adult Male and Female Progeny

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. s-0032-1319931-s-0032-1319931
Author(s):  
S. Al Rowas ◽  
R. Gawri ◽  
R. Haddad ◽  
A. Almaawi ◽  
L. E. Chalifour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Male And Female
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document