scholarly journals Utilization of Methionine Sources for Growth and Met+Cys Deposition in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Andreas Lemme ◽  
Victor Naranjo ◽  
Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Internal Marker

Knowledge about the nutritional value of methionine sources is highly important for their appropriate application in terms of animal and economic performance. Therefore, a broiler feeding trial was conducted to determine the relative bioavailability value (RBV) of DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid (HMTBA) compared to DL-methionine (DLM). DLM diluted to 65% purity (DLM65) served as the internal standard, with a known RBV of 65%. A total of 1920 d-old male broilers were used in the three-phase feeding trial comprising 16 treatments including a basal, Met+Cys-deficient diet and 5 graded DLM, HMTBA, or DLM65 levels. Growth performance and carcass quality data were subjected to multi-exponential regression analysis. Increasing levels of any Met source significantly improved all performance parameters compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Across all performance parameters, the RBV of HMTBA was 63% and that of DLM65 was 58%. All RBV estimates of HMTBA and DLM65 were significantly lower than 88% (p < 0.05). Cumulative efficiency of DLM for Met+Cys deposition in body protein was higher than that of HMBTA at any dose, confirming the determined RBV. Using DLM65 as an internal marker allowed for validation of the methodology.

scholarly journals 349 Empty body composition and retained energy of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Kaitlyn Wesley ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Abstract This experiment was designed to quantify the empty body composition of Jersey steers administered an aggressive implant strategy. Jersey steers {n = 30; initial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg} were randomly assigned to one of two implant strategies: negative control (CON), or implanted with Revalor 200 (200 mg trenbalone acetate / 20 mg estradiol 17-β; (REV) every 70 d (d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) during a 420 d feeding period. Steers were harvested on d 421; 6 CON and 6 REV steers were randomly selected for collection of blood, hide, ground viscera, bone, and ground lean and fat to determine empty body composition. Proximate analysis was completed for each sample to determine total body percentages of moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash. Data were analyzed via independent t-test. Percentage empty body moisture (46.48% CON vs 49.69% REV) and empty body protein (15.32% CON vs 17.58% REV) were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in REV cattle. In contrast empty body fat (33.51% CON vs 26.93% REV) was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for CON cattle. Empty body ash did not differ (P &gt; 0.10; 4.69% CON vs 5.80% REV) between treatments. Negative control steers contained a total empty body protein to total empty body fat ratio of 0.44:1 compared to 0.62:1 for REV steers. These data suggest that an aggressive implant strategy alters composition of gain during the finishing of Jersey steers toward increased protein and decreased fat.

scholarly journals Edible Insects but Not Solanum Torvum Improved Body Composition and Iron Status in Protein and Iron Deficient Rats (P24-007-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Agbemafle ◽  
Nicole Hanson ◽  
Amanda Bries ◽  
Jeanne Stewart ◽  
Manju Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Iron Deficient

Abstract Objectives Nutritious underutilized foods (NUFs) such as Solanum torvum (STO) and edible insects are potential sustainable dietary approaches to prevent malnutrition and improve food security. However, little is known about nutrient bioavailability from NUFs. This study determined the effect of STO and insect powders on improving nutritional status of malnourished rats. Methods Malnutrition was induced in weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding 5% protein with low Fe (LPI) diet for 21 days. During 14-day repletion, 5 groups of rats (n = 8) were fed the LPI diet supplemented with cricket, palm weevil larvae, STO, cricket + STO and casein + ferrous sulfate (HPI, positive control) while another group remained on the LPI diet (negative control). Repletion diets contained 15% protein and 20 ppm Fe, but palm larvae diet contained only 10 ppm Fe. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Hemoglobin (Hb) repletion method was used to compare relative bioavailability (RBV) of the HPI group to the other groups. Results Collectively, there were no differences in improved growth rate and body composition measures in groups repleted with edible insects and HPI (P = 0.08). Growth rate was 7.9 times higher in HPI compared to STO and 4.2 times higher in HPI compared to LPI (P < 0.0001). Changes in body composition were similar in STO and LPI but significantly different from HPI. Increase in Hb Fe with cricket (2.00 ± 0.90 mg) and palm weevil larvae (1.17 ± 0.75 mg) was comparable to HPI (1.94 ± 0.74 mg) (P = 0.27). Compared to HPI, there were significant differences in Hb Fe with STO (−0.08 ± 0.37 mg) and LPI (0.55 ± 0.18 mg). When RBV was calculated based on Hb Fe and food intake, RBV was 1.3 for palm weevil larvae but this was not significantly different from HPI (RBV = 1.00) and cricket (RBV = 0.99) (P = 0.83). RBV was similar in STO and LPI, and 100 times lower compared to HPI (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Though other benefits of STO may be plausible, no nutritional benefits were found in this study, but cricket and palm weevil larvae could be excellent alternative sources of protein and bioavailable Fe and can be sustainable, cheap and locally available foods to prevent malnutrition in humans in countries where they are culturally accepted. Funding Sources Doris A. Adams endowment funds from the College of Human Sciences at Iowa State University, Ames.

scholarly journals Nutritional studies with Scaleless chickens: I. The Sulphur-Containing Amino Acids

1962 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Abbott ◽  
V. S. Asmundson ◽  
K. R. Shortridge
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Full Diet ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Young birds homozygous for the recessive gene, sc, had a significantly lower requirement than their normally feathered siblings for the sulphur-containing amino-acids, methionine and cystine. When fed a synthetic diet lacking in methionine, feathered birds showed the expected abrupt decrease in weight gain while Scaleless birds grew at a rate equivalent to feathered birds receiving the full diet. Scaleless birds receiving the full diet exceeded feathered birds in weight gain during the first part of the feeding trial but they required more food per gram of gain. Between Scaleless groups those fed the deficient diet dropped behind those on full diet in gain after 3 weeks but even after 6 weeks these did not differ in other respects. On the other hand among normal birds those receiving the deficient diet were higher in heat output and had relatively larger thyroid and adrenal glands than those receiving the full diet.Differences between the two phenotypes are accounted for by (1) the difference in nutritive requirements determined by feather growth, and (2) the resultant differences in heat loss which accounted for the increase in heat output, packed cell volume and heart, thyroid and adrenal gland size of Scaleless birds.The use of mutants such as Scaleless in studies concerned with requirements for specific physiological or growth purposes is suggested.

The effect of source of nitrogen used for supplementation of high wheat silage diets for cattle

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brosh ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Beef Breed

ABSTRACTFive diets of identical metabolizable energy (ME) content were formulated, in which wheat silage, made from a variety bred for a high proportion of ears to roughage, was incorporated at the rate of 480 g/kg dry matter (DM). Their calculated ME density was 11-4 MJ/kg DM, the protein concentration of four of the five diets was 150 g/kg DM, and that of the fifth was 87 g/kg DM. The effectiveness of protein supplementation of such diets by non-protein nitrogen (NPN), fish meal (FM) or soya-bean and cottonseed oil meals (SBM and CSM) was studied in a digestibility and nitrogen balance trial, and in a feeding trial using Friesian and beef breed young bulls. One diet served as a negative control (NC). The apparent digestibility of organic matter (kg/kg DM) was 0·709, 0·708, 0·704, 0·680 and 0·667 (s.e. 0·0125) and nitrogen retention (g/kg M0·75 per day) was 0·20, 0·65, 0·65, 0·64 and 0·68 (s.e. 0·059; P < 0·01) for the NC, NPN, FM, CSM and SBM supplemented diets, respectively. The feeding trial was divided into two periods; the first 100 days, and from day 101 to slaughter. The NC groups of both breeds gained significantly less in both periods of the experiment than did the supplemented groups. There were no significant differences among the supplemented groups.

scholarly journals Effect of oregano (Oreganum syriacum L.) essential oil and cage density on performance parameters, egg quality criteria, some blood biochemical parameters, blood antioxidant capacity, and intestinal histopathology in laying hens

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gül ◽  
Emre Yılmaz ◽  
Gürkan Sezmiş ◽  
Betül Apaydın Yıldırım ◽  
Adem Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Blood Biochemical

Although many methods have been developed in order to reduce the negative effects in laying hens reared at high cage density, researches on effects of dietary supplementation of oregano (Oreganum syriacum L., OEO) essential oil as a feed additive to the diets are extremely sparse. This study investigated the effects of OEO and caging density on performance parameters, egg quality criteria, some blood biochemical parameters, blood antioxidant capacity, and intestinal histopathology of laying hens. We used 276 white Lohmann laying hens aged 38–40 weeks in the experiment. The animals were divided to positive control (600 cm2 hen/cage, PC), negative control (360 cm2 hen/cage, NC), negative control+ 200 mg/kg OEO (NC+O2), negative control+ 400 mg/kg OEO (NC+O4), and negative control+ 600 mg/kg OEO (NC+O6). In this study, it was determined that egg weight and egg shell weight increased at higher caging density, but they did not change with dietary supplementation of OEO. In addition, the plasma calcium and phosphorus decreased with the higher caging density and dietary supplementation of OEO. Supplemented OEO to the diets of the laying hens reduced lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant capacity and intestinal histopathology of laying hens. As a result, it was determined that OEO decreased the negative effects of high caging density. While this positive effect was found to be at a maximum dose at 400 mg/kg of OEO, it was determined that a dose of 600 mg/kg of OEO had a toxic effect, if even numerically.

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy ◽  
V. Samuel ◽  
I. Bruckenthal
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTFour diets containing 9·6 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM) (LMEC), and four diets containing 11·3 MJ/kg DM (HMEC) were formulated. One diet of each ME concentration contained 90 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM and served as a negative control (NC). In the three other diets of each ME concentration, the level of CP was raised to 140 g/kg DM by inclusion of poultry litter (PL), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or fish meal (FM). These diets were examined in a digestion and N balance trial and in a feeding trial.For the NC, PL, NPN and FM subtreatments of the LMEC diets, DM intakes were 107·1, 112·4, 100·6 and 130·2 g/kg M075 respectively; digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM) were 0·64, 0·70, 0·67 and 0·71 respectively; and N retention 0·40, 0·76, 0·53 and 1·21 g/kg M075 respectively. For the respective subtreatments of the HMEC diets, the values were: 100·4, 119·4, 109·3, 107·5 for DM intake; 0·64, 0·73, 0·73, 0·73 for digestibility coefficients of OM and 0·40, 0·87, 1·06 and 1·03 g/kg M075 for N retention.Daily gain on the respective diets in the first 130 days of the feeding trial was 0·85, 0·90, 0·91, 1·04 kg for the LMEC and 1·09, 1·21, 119, 1·24 kg for the HMEC diets, and from the 131st day to slaughter was 0·98, 1·02, 100, 1·08 kg for the LMEC and 1·03, 1·02, 1·07, 1·05 kg for the HMEC diets respectively. Daily carcass gain was 0·49, 0·51, 0·51, 0·53 kg for the LMEC and 0·55, 0·59, 0·59, 0·60 kg for the HMEC diets, respectively.The relationship between ME concentration in the diet and source of CP is discussed.

Three Phase Hybrid 7-Level Inverter with 60 Degree PWM Scheme for PV Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Abirami ◽  
V. Jaikrishna ◽  
N. Chellammal ◽  
Dash Sekar Subhransu ◽  
V. Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Reference Signal ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Harmonic Spectrum ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Carrier Wave ◽  
Voltage Waveform ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Power Switches

In this paper, a hybrid multilevel inverter (MLI) with reduced number of components is modelled by deriving its source from solar PV array. The power switches of this MLI are controlled by utilizing the pulses derived by comparing the reference and carrier signal. The reference signal for the modulation process is based on 60 degree PWM. The carriers considered for the modulation process are triangular carrier wave and inverted sine carrier wave arranged in phase Disposition (PD) multicarrier method. The output voltage waveform of this hybrid MLI under consideration is analyzed with different performance parameters like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), RMS Voltage, DC utilization Rate and harmonic spectrum. The simulation results show that the inverted sine based PD technique is yielding better performance than that of other technique. The above mentioned are examined with the help of MATLAB / SIMULINK.

scholarly journals The efficacy of selected feed additives in the prevention of broiler chicken coccidiosis under natural exposure to Eimeria spp

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Arczewska-Włosek ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Eimeria Spp

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate, under conditions similar to commercial broiler production, the effect of the herbal extract blend (HE) at a quantity of 1 g per kg feed (200 mg of each herbal extract, Allium sativum, Salvia officinalis, Echinacea purpurea, Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare), used individually or in combination with mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; 1 g per kg feed) or chitosan (3 ml containing 2% deacetylated chitin per kg feed) on the performance parameters of broiler chickens, the results of the slaughter analysis, litter moisture and the number of oocysts excreted in feces. The experiment was conducted on 4,500 broiler chickens of both sexes kept in straw-bedded pens. Chickens were randomly assigned to 5 experimental treatments with 5 replicates (pens) of 180 birds. The experimental design included negative and positive (diclazuril, 1 mg per kg feed) control groups. The examined herbal extract blend used individually during natural exposure to the coccidia improved, compared to the negative control diet, the performance parameters to a greater extent than coccidiostat, lowered the litter moisture content and reduced the oocyst output. Combined dietary supplementation with a herbal extract blend of chitosan or mannan oligosaccharide did not result in further improvement.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Comparisons of Mangiferin and Mangiferin Monosodium Salt in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hongbin Guo ◽  
Mengqiao Chen ◽  
Mengran Li ◽  
Mingye Hu ◽  
Baohua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Auc Value

Mangiferin (MG) is an active component in natural medicines, and various studies have been reported on pharmacological effects, but the low solubility and bioavailability of MG limit its wide application. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of mangiferin (MG) and mangiferin monosodium salt (MG-Na) in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS, which were then compared between the two groups. An appropriate high sensitivity and selectivity ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was applied to the comparison of plasma pharmacokinetics in MG and MG-Na using carbamazepine as internal standard (IS). These results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between MG and MG-Na after a single oral administration at 100 mg/kg. When compared with pharmacokinetic parameters of MG, the AUC(0-t), AUC(0–∞), Cmax,K10, and Ka of MG-Na were increased by 5.6-, 5.7-, 20.8-, 8-, and 83.6-fold, while the Tmax and CL/F were decreased by 4- and 5.7-fold (P<0.001), respectively. t1/2 value showed an increasing trend, but was statistically significant between the two groups. Moreover, the AUC value in the MG-Na group was significantly increased and the relative bioavailability was calculated to be 570% when compared with that of the MG group. These results suggested that the salification reaction of MG can effectively enhance gastrointestinal absorption and relative bioavailability by improving solubility and membrane permeability.

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