scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Production Performance and Milk Composition of High-Producing Sows during Lactation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yuanfei Zhou ◽  
Xiong Xia ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Weaning Pigs

Modern genotype sows require enhanced nutrition because of their larger body size and higher reproductive performance than 20 years ago. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary Lys on the lactating of primiparous sows and the second lactating period to minimize sow body weight (BW) loss and maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain. A total of 160 primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental lactation diets. Formulated to contain 0.84%, 0.94%, 1.04%, and 1.14% standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys and balanced in Met, Thr, Trp, and Val. No dietary effects were found on sow body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) change and feed intake during lactation. However, the Lys intake (p = 0.04) of lactation increased linearly with increasing dietary Lys levels. In addition, 1.14% Lys for primiparous sow and 0.94% Lys for second parity sow during lactation increased the survival rate (p = 0.04), weight (p = 0.04), and ADG of piglets at d 21 (p = 0.03). The dietary Lys level did not affect colostrum compositions. However, the dry matter (p = 0.04) and protein (p = 0.03) in milk increased linearly with the increase in dietary Lys levels, whereas moisture decreased linearly (p = 0.05). The level of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) also increased at d 21 of weaning (p = 0.04). These results indicate that high-yielding lactating sows required 1.14% SID Lys during parity 1, and 0.94% SID Lys during parity 2 to maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain, respectively. Moreover, the effects of dietary amino acid (AA) on the production performance of weaning pigs could be mediated through milk composition change.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary lysine levels on production performance, milk composition and plasma metabolites of the high-producing lactating sows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yuanfei Zhouyuanfei ◽  
Xiong Xia ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Solids Content

Abstract Background Modern genotype sows require better nutrition because of larger body size and higher reproductive performance. Especially primiparous sows not only meet the needs of lactation, but also meet the needs of their own growth and development. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine over two consecutive lactations on lactation and subsequent reproductive performance in primiparous sows. Results A total of 160 primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental lactation diets. Lactation diets were formulated to contain 0.84, 0.94, 1.04, and 1.14% SID Lys and balanced in Met, Thr, Trp and Val. There were no dietary effects on sows body weight and backfat change and feed intake of sows during lactation. However, WEI (P = 0.07) tended to be a quadratic effect by increasing dietary Lys level. Compared with the primiparous, sows had greater body weight (P < 0.01) and backfat thickness (P < 0.01) of sows at farrowing and at weaning, and weight loss (P = 0.01) during the second lactation period. Higher Lys level during lactation increased survival rate of piglets (P = 0.03), weight of piglets (P = 0.04), and weight gain of piglets at weaning (P = 0.05). Dietary Lys level did not affect colostrum compositions. However, fat (P = 0.04), protein (P = 0.03), solid not fat (P = 0.03), total solids content (P = 0.04), and moisture (P = 0.04) in milk increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of Lys. Likewise, PUN level was increased (P = 0.04). There were significant linear increases in plasma Lys (P = 0.02), Met (P = 0.05), and Val (P = 0.04) levels as dietary Lys level increased at weaning. Furthermore, there were significant linear increases in milk Asp, Glu, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp and Val levels as dietary lysine level increased (P < 0.05) at 21 d of lactation. Conclusions These results indicated that primiparous sows need higher dietary lysine levels than multiparous sow. Moreover, impacts of dietary amino acids on reproductive performance could be mediated through milk compositions change and increasing amino acid concentration.

Corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based backgrounding beef cattle diets: Effect on growth and efficiency during the backgrounding and finishing periods

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Swanson ◽  
M. Ko ◽  
C. J. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based diets on backgrounding calf performance and subsequent feedlot performance. Crossbred steers [n = 48, initial body weight (BW) = 303 ± 3.4 kg] were individually fed dietary treatments consisting of: (1) haylage [17.5% crude protein, dry matter (DM) basis; control], (2) haylage + 20% (DM basis) cracked corn, and (3) haylage + 20% (DM basis) soybean hulls during a 112-d backgrounding period. After the backgrounding period, all steers were adapted to a common high moisture corn-based finishing diet and fed until an ultrasound estimated backfat thickness of 7 mm was obtained. During the backgrounding period, steers fed cracked corn or soybean hulls had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain, dry matter intake and gain:feed and lower (P = 0.05) plasma urea N as compared with controls. However, when finished on a common high-concentrate diet, steers previously fed cracked corn had greater (P < 0.08) average daily gain, final body weight, and longissimus muscle area than those fed soybean hulls, suggesting that source of supplemental energy during the backgrounding period may influence subsequent feedlot performance. Key words: Beef cattle, backgrounding, energy supplementation

scholarly journals Water quality, growth and production performance of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in cemented tanks with two different stocking densities

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Dulon Roy ◽  
Abdullah Al Masud ◽  
Pritam Kumar Saha ◽  
MM Kutubuddin ◽  
Md Muzahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Tank Culture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T1 And T2

Attempt has been taken to develop intensive tank culture technique providing natural environment for Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) inside tank to increase survival rate as well as production. The experiment was conducted for a period of 150 days in two tanks (T1 and T2) of 300 m2. Fish fries with a mean weight and length ranged from 1.02 to 2.2 g and 2.7 to 3.5 cm were stocked in T1 and T2, respectively. Stocking density of fingerlings were 1, 25,000 and 1, 50,000 per Ha in T1 and T2, respectively. Commercial pelleted feed was supplied to tank reared fish twice daily at a rate of 3-10% of body weight per day and later feeding rate was adjusted based on body weight by sampling. Important water quality parameters (temperature, DO, pH, transparency, ammonia and nitrate) were recorded weekly throughout the culture period. Survival rate was 87% and 84% in T1 and T2, respectively. Mean final weight were 41.73 ± 2.09g and 40.6 ± 0.90 g in T1 and T2, respectively. Length-weight relationship indicates that the growth rate was always higher in T1 followed by T2. Results showed that net yield was relatively higher in T2 (5115.35 ± 113.13 Kg/ha) than T1 (4537.12 ± 227.4 Kg/ha). In case of production, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between two treatments. This experiment demonstrated the potential of H. fossilis production through new technique of tank culture system. However, more research is needed using local feed ingredients with higher stocking density. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 107-119, 2019

scholarly journals Use of Cold-Pressed Sunflower Cake in the Concentrate as a Low-Input Local Strategy to Modify the Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idoia Goiri ◽  
Izaro Zubiria ◽  
Hanen Benhissi ◽  
Raquel Atxaerandio ◽  
Roberto Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Acceptance Test ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Sunflower Cake ◽  
Cold Pressed

Cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC) is a cheap by-product of oil-manufacturing. Supplementing diets with CPSC, rich in fat and linoleic acid, could be an effective tool for increasing healthy fatty acids (FA) in milk. To test this hypothesis, 10 cows were used in a crossover design with two experimental diets fed during two 63-day periods. Cows’ milk production was recorded and samples were taken for fat, protein, lactose, and for FA composition analysis. Dry matter intake (DMI) and dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD) were estimated using two markers. Milk acceptance test was carried out. CPSC decreased milk C12:0 (10%, p = 0.023) and C16:0 (5%, p = 0.035) and increased C18:1 cis-12 (37%, p = 0.006), C18:1 trans-11 (32%, p = 0.005), C18:2 cis-9 cis-12 (13%, p = 0.004), and cis-9 trans-11 CLA (35%, p = 0.004). CPSC increased total trans-monounsaturated FA (21%, p = 0.003), total CLA (31%, p = 0.007), and PUFA:SFA ratio (18%, p = 0.006). CPSC did not affect milk production, DMD, DMI and milk composition, but reduced fat yield (9%, p = 0.013) and FCM (7%, p = 0.013). CPSC improved milk overall acceptability. In conclusion, CPSC could modify milk FA profile without a detrimental effect on digestibility, production performance, or milk acceptance.

scholarly journals Plasma urea nitrogen as an indicator of amino acid imbalance in rabbit diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Pablo Jesús Marín-García ◽  
María del Carmén López-Luján ◽  
Luís Ródenas ◽  
Eugenio Melchor Martínez-Paredes ◽  
Enrique Blas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Current Guidelines

<p>In recent decades, recommendations on dietary protein content have been considerably reduced, while fibre content has been increased. Under these conditions, an adequate dietary amino acid balance could be crucial to optimise feed efficiency. Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) level could be a good indicator of an amino acid imbalance and its potential has already been studied in other species, but not yet in rabbits. The main objective of the present work was to detect the possible interest of PUN in pinpointing amino acid deficiencies in rabbits. Two experimental diets were formulated from the same basal mixture, following all the recommendations for growing rabbits, except lysine, whose content was variable, following current guidelines in diet P8.1 or lower from those in P4.4 (with 8.1 and 4.4 g/kg dry matter of lysine and with 757 and 411 mg of lysine per MJ of digestible energy). Three different trials were designed: one where the animals were fed &lt;em&gt;ad libitum&lt;/em&gt; (AL) and two others in which fasting periods of 10 h were included; one where feeding was restored at 08:00 h (Fast8h) and the other at 18:00 h (Fast18h). A total of 72 three-way crossbred growing rabbits (24 animals for each trial in a split-plot trial) up to a total of 12 recordings were used. Blood samples were taken every 4 h in AL trial and every hour after refeeding up to a total of six controls, in trials Fast8h and<br />Fast18h. The differences between balanced and unbalanced diets in lysine were highest (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;0.001) between 04:00 h and 12:00 h in animals fed ad libitum, and at 3 h after refeeding (21:00 h) in Fast18h. These results suggest that PUN could be an adequate indicator to detect deficiencies in amino acids in growing rabbit<br />diets.</p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Dedak Kasar Fermentasi pada Domba Ekor Tipis Sebagai Bahan Baku Konsentrat

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Defelly Tri Nurcahyani ◽  
Suci Wulandari ◽  
Suluh Nusantoro
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Sheep Production

The aims of this study were to determine the effect of fermented rough rice bran on thin tailed sheep on sheep production performance which included feed consumption of dry ingredients feed, weight gain, and feed conversion. This study consisted of two treatments namely, (P0) rough rice brain as a control and fermented rough rice bran  (P1). The method used in this research was T-test. The results showed that the rough bran fermentation was not significantly different (P>0.05) in dry matter consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The highest average gain weight was on P1 (142.58 grams/head/day).

scholarly journals Formulasi Susu Pengganti dan Evaluasi Pengaruhnya terhadap Performa Anak Domba Kembar

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Asep Sudarman ◽  
Harun Fatmiati ◽  
Lilis Khotijah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

The purpose of this experiment was to formulate and evaluate milk replacer on the production performance of twin lambs from before weaning to one month after weaning. Three pairs of twin lambs aged two weeks with a body weight of 3.83 ± 0.4 kg were divided into two groups, each consisting of three lambs. The treatments applied were PSI = lamb given mother's milk and PMR = lamb given milk replacer. Pre-weaning dry matter consumption data were analyzed descriptively and other data were analyzed using the T-test. The results showed that the dry matter consumption lambs that were given milk replacers in pre-weaning was 164.18 ± 31.25 g/head/day with the largest proportion coming from milk replacers (61.4%). PSI group lambs had dry matter and energy consumption after weaning, daily gain before and after weaning, and body weight when weaned were significantly higher (P <0.05) than the PMR group lambs. However, the ratio of feed conversion and body weight at 90 days in the two groups of lamb were not significantly different. All lambs were healthy and no one died. It is concluded that formulated milk replacer provides production performance in lambs that are equivalent to lambs fed with mother's milk.

Use of recorded nursing grunts during lactation in two breeds of sows. II. Effects on sow performance and mammary development

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
K. Fisette ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
H. Quesnel ◽  
J. P. Laforest
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Mammary Cell ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Group 1

Primiparous lactating sows of two different genotypes [42 Genex-Meishan hybrid (MH) and 42 Yorkshire-Landrace (YL)] were exposed to recorded nursing grunts played at different intervals, and the effects on sow performance and mammary growth were studied. Sows within each breed were divided in three groups (n = 14 for each group): (1) no playbacks (control), (2) playbacks at 35-min interv als (GR35), and (3) playbacks at 40-min intervals (GR40). Recordings were played from day 110 of gestation to day 28 of lactation. Litter size was standardized to 10 ± 1 pigs within 48 h postpartum, and weight and backfat thickness of sows were recorded on day 110 of gestation, and on days 2 and 27 of lactation. Sow feed and water intakes were recorded throughout lactation. Milk samples were obtained from all sows on day 27 postpartum and jugular blood samples were obtained on day 28 for measurement of IGF -I and prolactin concentrations. Sows were slaughtered on day 28 of lactation and their mammary glands were excised to perform compositional analyses. Ovaries were also collected. The MH sows weighed less (P < 0.01) and had more backfat (P < 0.01) than YL sows. Milk from MH sows contained more dry matter (P < 0.05) and more lactose (P < 0.05) than that from YL sows. Mammary parenchymal tissue weighed less (P < 0.05) and contained less total protein (P = 0.01) and total DNA (P < 0.01) in MH than in YL sows. Sows in GR35 also had more total parenchymal DNA (P < 0.05) than control sows. Circulating concentrations of IGF-I and prolactin were not affected by breed or treatment (P > 0.1) whereas ovaries were heavier (P < 0.01) in control MH than in control YL ows. Therefore, playbacks of nursing grunts at 35-min intervals throughout lactation increased total mammary cell number without affecting hormonal or milk composition status. Key words: Auditory stimulus, lactation, mammary development, Meishan, milk, sows

Hybrid rye may replace up to 75% of the corn in diets for gestating and lactating sows without negatively impacting sow and piglet performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that hybrid rye can replace a part of the corn in gestation and lactation diets without negatively affecting sow and litter performance. For each phase, a corn-soybean meal diet and 3 diets in which hybrid rye replaced 25, 50, or 75% of corn were formulated. Two hundred sows were randomly allotted by parity to the 4 treatments. Results indicated that diet did not affect body weight or average daily gain (ADG) of sows, or number of pigs born. The number of pigs weaned, litter weaning weight, and litter ADG increased and then decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as hybrid rye in diets increased. Pig mortality and number of crushed pigs tended (quadratic, P &lt; 0.10) to be reduced as hybrid rye was added to the diet. Serum cytokines did not differ among treatments on day 105 of gestation or in pigs on the day of weaning, but interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-18 on day 13 of lactation increased and then decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as hybrid rye inclusion increased in diets. Milk urea N increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) as hybrid rye was included in the diet, but no other differences in milk composition were observed. Overall, replacing 25% or 50% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in improved lactation performance, and replacing 75% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in sow and litter performance that was not different from that of sows fed control diets.

The response of spring-calving cows to a high level of protein in the supplement given with grass silage during early lactation

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTA randomized block experiment, using 30 British Friesian cows, was used to assess the effects of offering supplements containing 172 and 234 g crude protein per kg dry matter in addition to grass silage which had a very high digestible organic matter in the dry matter of 769 g/kg. The animals, which had a mean calving date of 1 February, were blocked according to calving date and lactation number and allocated at random within each block to the two treatments. The treatments were applied from day 8 of lactation until the animals went to pasture on 13 April and both supplements were offered at the same rate of 7·6 kg per day. The total yields of milk produced during the experimental period were 1626 and 1650 ±38·4 kg and the mean daily yields during the final week were 24·8 and 25·6 ± 0·58kg for the medium and high protein supplements respectively. The mean live weights for the two groups were 524 and 544 ± 5·5 kg, and body condition score 2·9 and 3·3 ± 0·34 for the medium and high protein supplements respectively at the end of the treatment period. No significant treatment effects on milk composition were recorded at any stage during the experiment. Analysis of blood samples taken during the final week of the experiment showed plasma urea levels, at 220 and 290± 18 mg/1 for the medium and high protein supplements respectively, to be significantly different.

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