scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Local Pirenaica Cattle for Parentage and Traceability Purposes

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
David Gamarra ◽  
Masaaki Taniguchi ◽  
Noelia Aldai ◽  
Aisaku Arakawa ◽  
Andres Lopez-Oceja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Basque Region

Pirenaica is the most important autochthonous cattle breed within the Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) beef quality label in the Basque region, in northern Spain. The short tandem repeats (STRs) are powerful markers to elucidate forensic cases and traceability across the agri-food sector. The main objective of the present work was to study the phylogenetic relationships of Pirenaica cattle and other breeds typically raised in the region and provide the minimum number of STR markers for parentage and traceability purposes. The 30-STR panel recommended by the International Society of Animal Genetics-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ISAG-FAO) was compared against other commercial STR panels. The 30-STR panel showed a combined matching probability of 1.89 × 10−25 and a power of exclusion for duos of 0.99998. However, commercial STR panels showed a limited efficiency for a reliable parentage analysis in Pirenaica, and at least a 21-STR panel is needed to reach a power of exclusion of 0.9999. Machine-learning analysis also demonstrated a 95% accuracy in assignments selecting the markers with the highest FST in Pirenaica individuals. Overall, the present study shows the genetic characterization of Pirenaica and its phylogeny compared with other breeds typically raised in the Basque region. Finally, a 21-STR panel with the highest FST markers is proposed for a confident parentage analysis and high traceability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiallergic Active Components Extracted From the Edible Insect Oxya yezoensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110233
Author(s):  
Masahiro Saiki ◽  
Naomichi Takemoto ◽  
Maki Nagata ◽  
Masako Matsumoto ◽  
Yhiya Amen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

In recent years, entomophagy has attracted increased attention, as it was recommended as a potential source of food by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In Japan, Oxya yezoensisis one of the most widely eaten insect species, but studies of its functionality as a food are limited. In this study, we reported the optimal characterization of the total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (OME) and different fractions of OME. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiallergic activities of the OME fractions were evaluated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of OME has potential antioxidant activity, whereas the n-hexane-soluble fraction showed the strongest inhibition of β-hexosaminidase, which is one of the key factors in allergic reactions. It was concluded that phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activity while unsaturated fatty acids contribute to the antiallergy activity.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of microsatellites in autochthonous Podolian cattle breeds in Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Keros ◽  
Lorena Jemeršić ◽  
Jelena Prpić ◽  
Miroslav Benić ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

The aim of the study was to analyse the status of the genetic structure of two autochthonous Croatian Podolian breeds (Istrian cattle and Slavonian Syrmian Podolians). The study comprised 20 randomly selected blood samples of each cattle breed. The genotyping was performed on 11 microsatellites (TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA122, INRA23, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824) as recommended by International Society of Animal Genetics and Food and Agriculture Organization. The procedure enabled the identification of 423 (96.14%) genotypes, indicating the validity of DNA analyses in blood samples and adequacy of the selected microsatellite markers. Likewise, there was the total number of 203 alleles with minimal differences among the studied groups. The differences (p > 0.05) were observed within the genotypes of the studied groups regarding the microsatellite loci. The distribution of the genetic relationship was presented by Wright F coefficients. The FIS had negative values for the TGLA 227 locus in both studied groups and for ETH3, ETH225 and BM1834 loci in the Slavonian Syrmian Podolians. This obtained data with relative high values of heterozygosity also shows a genetical influence of other breeds. Almost all FIT values were appropriate (0.31905) as a result of excessive selection effects. The mean value of FST (0.07336) indicates that the average degree of genetic variability of the studied breeds was not significantly different despite certain differences in individual loci. The observed specific polymorphism of loci shows that the Istrian cattle and the Slavonian Syrmian Podolians have similar genetic characteristics, but also that there are certain differences between the breeds and even inter-breed differences. The findings indicate a relationship between the breeds and their suitable purity for interbreeding but they also indicate certain danger to certain parts of genome within the studied species. The results can be applied in the protection and breeding programs for the preservation of autochtonous Croatian Podolian breeds.

Genetic characterization of the Burlina cattle breed using microsatellites markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dalvit ◽  
M. De Marchi ◽  
R. Dal Zotto ◽  
E. Zanetti ◽  
T. Meuwissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Microsatellites Markers

Genetic characterization of historical epidemic mumps viruses in northern Spain, 1987–1990

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cilla ◽  
Milagrosa Montes ◽  
Maria S. Zapico ◽  
Luis Piñeiro ◽  
Miren Satrustegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Northern Spain

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization and Diversity Assessment in ‘Bhangor’ Indigenous Swamp Buffalo Population using Heterologous Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Veer Singh ◽  
Ramendra Das ◽  
Monika Sodhi ◽  
Ranjit Singh Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Swamp Buffalo

Abstract The present study was aimed at genetic characterization and diversity analysis of newly identified swamp buffalo population ‘Bhangor’ using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended bovine microsatellite markers. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 76 unrelated animals. Of the 24 markers, 15 markers (CSSM33, BM1818, CSRM60, HEL13, ILSTS019, ILSTS025, ILSTS028, ILSTS029, ILSTS030, ILSTS033, ILSTS036, ILSTS056, ILSTS058, ILSTS061, ILSTS089 and ETH003) were found to be highly polymorphic in the population. A total of 114 alleles were secured, with an overall average of 7.60 alleles per locus. The number of alleles ranged from 3 (CSRM60 and ILSTS025) to 12 (ILSTS056 and ILSTS061). The mean effective number of alleles across all polymorphic loci was found to be 3.76. The overall mean expected heterozygosity and unbiased expected heterozygosity values were 0.67 and 0.68, ranging from 0.067 (ILSTS025) to 0.85 (ILSTS058) and 0.068 (ILSTS025) to 0.86 (ILSTS058), respectively. The average PIC estimate across all polymorphic loci was 0.63. The population was found to be in optimum diversity based on polymorphic microsatellite markers. This is the newly characterized buffalo population from north-east India.

scholarly journals Carbon emissions and removals from forests: new estimates, 1990–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1681-1691
Author(s):  
Francesco N. Tubiello ◽  
Giulia Conchedda ◽  
Nathan Wanner ◽  
Sandro Federici ◽  
Simone Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Global Emissions

Abstract. National, regional and global CO2 emissions and removals from forests were estimated for the period 1990–2020 using as input the country reports of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020. The new Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates, based on a simple carbon stock change approach, update published information on net emissions and removals from forests in relation to (a) net forest conversion and (b) forest land. Results show a significant reduction in global emissions from net forest conversion over the study period, from a mean of 4.3 in 1991–2000 to 2.9 Gt CO2 yr−1 in 2016–2020. At the same time, forest land was a significant carbon sink globally but decreased in strength over the study period, from −3.5 to −2.6 Gt CO2 yr−1. Combining net forest conversion with forest land, our estimates indicated that globally forests were a small net source of CO2 to the atmosphere on average during 1990–2020, with mean net emissions of 0.4 Gt CO2 yr−1. The exception was the brief period 2011–2015, when forest land removals counterbalanced emissions from net forest conversion, resulting in a global net sink of −0.7 Gt CO2 yr−1. Importantly, the new estimates allow for the first time in the literature the characterization of forest emissions and removals for the decade just concluded, 2011–2020, showing that in this period the net contribution of forests to the atmosphere was very small, i.e., a sink of less than −0.2 Gt CO2 yr−1 – an estimate not yet reported in the literature. This near-zero balance was nonetheless the result of large global fluxes of opposite sign, namely net forest conversion emissions of 3.1 Gt CO2 yr−1 counterbalanced by net removals on forest land of −3.3 Gt CO2 yr−1. Finally, we compared our estimates with data independently reported by countries to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change, indicating close agreement between FAO and country emissions and removals estimates. Data from this study are openly available via the Zenodo portal (Tubiello, 2020), with DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3941973, as well as in the FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database) emissions database (FAO, 2021a).

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity of Busa cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina using microsatellite DNA markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085
Author(s):  
Biljana Rogic ◽  
Lidija Tomic ◽  
B. Vazic ◽  
M. Jelic ◽  
S. Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Conservation And Management

The variability of 21 microsatellite loci was analyzed in order to estimate the genetic diversity of the Busa cattle breed. A total of 50 animals involved in the study were divided into two groups: Busa from eastern Herzegovina and Busa from western Herzegovina. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.6. The average expected heterozygosities were 0.6885 and 0.6212 in the eastern and western populations, respectively. The observed heterozygosity values were 0.6579 and 0.6336, in eastern and western population, respectively. The degree of population differentiation (FST) ranged from 0.008 (for ILSTS006 locus) to 0.242 (for BM1818 locus), with a mean of 0.112. Cluster analysis showed that the two populations were clearly clustered into two distinct clades. This report represents the first genetic characterization of pure Busa cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results are important for the future development of conservation and management strategies for this cattle breed.

scholarly journals Pysicochemical Characterization of Nano Calcium phosphate from Milkfish's (Chanos - Chanos Forks) Bone Flour in Duration of Autoclaving and Boiling Time Different

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fitri ◽  
Prof Mursalim ◽  
Amran Laga ◽  
Mr Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bone Calcium ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Total Fish

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization in 2018, milkfish 1,188,000 tons (2016) or 2% of the world's total fish (2016) (The State of World Fisheries and Agriculture, 2018). South Sulawesi milkfish production is the highest in Indonesia. Milkfish production in 2016, to 127,434.1 tons (Anonymous, 2018). Milkfish is a fishery commodity in Pangkep Regency, in 2016 has increased by 28,759 tons (Anonymous, 2018), an increase in fish consumption it will also increase of milkfish bone waste. The use of milkfish bone waste as a source of calcium is an alternative provide a calcium-rich food source. The purpose of this research is to study the physicochemical of milkfish bone calcium phosphate with in duration of autoclaving and boiling time differently. The treatment are in duration of autoclaving (A) A1 = 1,5 , A2 = 2, and A3 = 2,5 hours, and boiling time (B) B1 = 30 , B2 = 60 and B3 = 90 minute. The design used is complete randomized design with two factors, consist of three level. Each treatment was repeated three times. The data analysis by variance analysis using SPSS V. 21 software. The parameters measured are yield, water, ash, protein, fat, calcium and phosphorus. Milkfish bone in this study contained the highest calcium 41.87% and phosphorus 25.86% obtained from a combination of 2.5 hours autoclaving and boiling length 90 minutes. Yield 36.59%, moisture 5.22%, ash 77.87%, protein 25.13%, and fat content 4.01%.

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