scholarly journals Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (Sus scrofa L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Anna Kasprzyk ◽  
Janusz Kilar ◽  
Stanisław Chwil ◽  
Michał Rudaś
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Group I ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The aim of the study was to determine the levels of selected toxic and non-toxic elements in the liver of free-living wild boars from agricultural areas and to assess health risks associated with liver consumption. Samples were collected from 70 wild boars. The animals were divided into three age groups (group I up to one year, group II from one to three years, group III over three to five years). It was shown that wild boar liver is a rich source of mineral compounds (K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Cu). The age was found to exert an effect on the concentration of most minerals. The sex significantly determined the content of Fe, Ca, and Cd. The maximum allowable level of Cd in the liver was exceeded in two and three samples from groups I and III, respectively. Therefore, regular monitoring of the content of this element in tissues of game animals is extremely important and advisable to assess the consumer exposure to this metal. From the point of view of human health, the estimation of the non-carcinogenic risk indicated that the intake of individual trace elements through the consumption of the liver was safe, whereas consumption of combined trace elements (only in the case of the consumption of the wild boar liver twice a week) suggested a potential health risk to children.

Trace elements in skin-contact clothes and migration to artificial sweat: Risk assessment of human dermal exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Rovira ◽  
Martí Nadal ◽  
Marta Schuhmacher ◽  
José L Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Artificial Sweat ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration

The concentrations of a considerable number of trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn) were determined in various skin-contact clothes (T-shirts, blouses, socks, baby pajamas and bodies) from the Catalan (Spain) market. In addition, migration experiments with artificial acidic sweat were conducted in order to establish the migration rates of these elements. High levels of Zn (186–5749 mg/kg) were found in zinc pyrithione labeled T-shirts, while high concentrations of Sb and Cr were found in polyester and black polyamide fabrics, respectively. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) confirmed the presence of Ag and Ti particles and aggregates in several clothing items. The use of the ESEM complemented the results of the elemental analysis and migration experiments. Dermal exposure to trace elements was subsequently calculated, and the human health risks were assessed. Antimony showed the highest mean hazard quotient (HQ = 0.4) for male and female adults wearing polyester clothes; for one of the examined items (polyester T-shirt) the HQ was even above the safety limit (HQ > 1). Exposure to Sb from polyester textile could mean potential health risks in subpopulation groups who frequently wear these clothes, and for long time periods. The migration experiments with artificial sweat showed to be essential for establishing the exposure to trace elements through cloth with direct contact with skin.

scholarly journals Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus?

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kęsik-Maliszewska ◽  
Artur Jabłoński ◽  
Magdalena Larska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Incidence

AbstractIntroduction: A novel to Europe Schmallenberg virus (SBV) causes clinical disease manifested by reproduction disorders in farm ruminants. In free-living ruminants, SBV antibodies as well as the virus were detected. Recent studies also revealed SBV antibodies in wild boars. The study investigates SBV antibodies occurring in wild boars in Poland at the peak of recent virus epidemics in the country.Material and Methods: Samples collected from 203 wild boars culled during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 hunting season were serologically tested using multi-species cELISA. Attempted neutralisation tests failed due to poor serum quality. RT-PCR was implemented in seropositive and doubtful animals.Results: Two samples collected from wild boar in the winter of 2013 gave a positive result in ELISA, while another two from the 2012/2013 hunting season were doubtful. No SBV RNA was detected in spleen and liver tissues.Conclusion: Low SBV seroprevalence in wild boars, despite high incidence of SBV infections occurring simultaneously in wild ruminants, suggests that boars are unlikely to be a significant reservoir of the virus in the sylvatic environment in Poland.

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boars (Sus scrofa) – preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Balázs Libisch ◽  
Tibor Keresztény ◽  
Zoltán Kerényi ◽  
Róbert Kocsis ◽  
Rita Sipos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Faecal Microbiome ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

AbstractIntroductionLand application of manure that contains antibiotics and resistant bacteria may facilitate the establishment of an environmental reservoir of antibiotic-resistant microbes, promoting their dissemination into agricultural and natural habitats. The main objective of this study was to search for acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boar populations living in natural habitats.Material and MethodsGastrointestinal samples of free-living wild boars were collected in the Zemplén Mountains in Hungary and were characterised by culture-based, metagenomic, and molecular microbiological methods. Bioinformatic analysis of the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan was used for comparative studies. Also, shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of two untreated sewage wastewater samples from North Pest (Hungary) from 2016 were analysed by bioinformatic methods. Minimum spanning tree diagrams for seven-gene MLST profiles of 104 E. coli strains isolated in Europe from wild boars and domestic pigs were generated in Enterobase.ResultsIn the ileum of a diarrhoeic boar, a dominant E. coli O112ab:H2 strain with intermediate resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin was identified, displaying sequence type ST388 and harbouring the EAST1 toxin astA gene. Metagenomic analyses of the colon and rectum digesta revealed the presence of the tetQ, tetW, tetO, and mefA antibiotic resistance genes that were also detected in the gut microbiome of four other wild boars from the mountains. Furthermore, the tetQ and cfxA genes were identified in the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan.ConclusionThe gastrointestinal microbiota of the free-living wild boars examined in this study carried acquired antibiotic resistance determinants that are highly prevalent among domestic livestock populations.

scholarly journals Health risk of swimming pool disinfection by-products: a regulatory perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Pándics ◽  
Ádám Hofer ◽  
Gyula Dura ◽  
Márta Vargha ◽  
Tamás Szigeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
By Products

Abstract While disinfection of swimming pools is indispensable for microbiological safety, it may lead to the formation of disinfection by-products. Most studies agree that inhalation exposure is the predominant pathway of the associated health risks, but assumptions are based on concentrations measured in water and evaporation models. Pool water and air were sampled in 19 swimming pools. Trihalomethanes were detected in all sites; chloroform being the most abundant species. Concentrations ranged between 12.8–71.2 μg/L and 11.1–102.2 μg/m3 in pool water and air, respectively. The individual lifetime carcinogenic risk associated with chloroform in swimming pools exceeded 10−6 in all age groups for recreational swimmers and 10−5 for elite swimmers and staff, even if the pool complied with the national standards. Inhalation exposure was estimated and found to be the most relevant, however, different mass transfer models from water measurements significantly under- or overestimated the health burden compared to direct calculation from the concentration in air. The observed health risks call for defining regulatory values and monitoring requirement of indoor air quality in swimming pools.

scholarly journals Evaluating Heavy Metals Contamination in Campus Dust in Wuhan, the University Cluster in Central China: Distribution and Potential Human Health Risk Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Xihao Zhang ◽  
Changlin Zhan ◽  
Jiaquan Zhang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Central China ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The University

Abstract The potential health risk of heavy metals (HMs) in campus dust may threaten the health of thousands of students, teachers, and their families in Wuhan, the university cluster in Central China every day. In this research, the pollution characteristics and health risk with HMs was the first time presented in campus dust from the canteen, playground, dormitory, and school gate to date. The average HMs concentration in campus dusts ranked Pb (83.5 mg kg-1) > Cu (70.2 mg kg-1) > Zn (47.2 mg kg-1) > Cr (46.0 mg kg-1) > Ni (22.7 mg kg-1) > As (15.2 mg kg-1) > Cd (3.38 mg kg-1). The HMs would more likely to accumulate in dormitory dust and canteen dust. In the downtown area, Zn, As, and Cd had been preliminarily identified from fossil fuel combustion and natural geochemical processes. Cu and Pb would source from cooking and traffic transportation. Ni and Cr would likely reflect the contributions of natural soil weathering. Although, no significant non-carcinogenic health risks were found to students or teachers from campus dust. Their children would more likely to exposure health risks when eating in the canteen, playing on the playground, or walking around the school gate. While the incremental lifetime cancer risk values revealed respiratory intake of HMs does not pose a carcinogenic risk on the campus.

scholarly journals Technological and nutritional properties of meat from female wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa scrofa</i> L.) of different carcass weights

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kasprzyk ◽  
Joanna Stadnik ◽  
Dariusz Stasiak
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Group V ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wild Boar Meat

Abstract. The aim of this work was to assess the technological and nutritional quality of meat from female wild boars. The muscle samples – Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Musculus semimembranosus (SM) – were taken from a total of 40 female wild boar after a hunt. Carcasses were allocated to five groups according to weight (group I – 30±5 kg; group II – 45±4.9 kg; group III – 60±4.7 kg; group IV – 75±5.2 kg; group V – 90±5 kg). Studies that have been carried out have shown that technological and nutritional properties of meat from wild boars depend on the mass of carcasses and the type of muscle. The pH of analyzed wild boar meat proved that there was normal glycolysis and glycogenolysis progress in all groups. The water holding capacity (WHC) of SM muscles from the lowest-weight carcasses was significantly (P≤0.01) lower as compared to the heavier carcasses. There were significant differences (P≤0.01) in the shear force of the LTL muscle between groups I, IV and V. The muscles cut from carcasses of a higher mass represent higher values of this parameter. The higher-mass carcasses were characterized by a darker color, which resulted from the higher concentration of myoglobin. The protein concentration increased with carcass weight. A similar effect of carcass weight on the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was found. Due to the low calorie content, the meat of young wild boar may be an interesting and attractive component of the diet.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Sex on the Quality of Offal and Meat of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Joanna Składanowska-Baryza ◽  
Marek Stanisz
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Two Age Groups

The goal of the study was to examine the effect of age and sex on the quality of wild boar offal and meat. A number of 32 hunt-harvested animals was assigned to groups according to age (juveniles and sub-adults) and sex. The quality of offal (liver, kidneys, heart and tongue) and m. semimembranosus was examined. The pH value of m. semimembranosus ranged from 5.45 to 5.88. The highest pH was recorded in the kidney and the liver (6.32–6.54 and 6.12–6.31). The meat in the group of juveniles was brighter (p = 0.042), yellower (p = 0.039), showed a greater drip loss (p = 0.007), cooking loss (p = 0.039), and plasticity (p = 0.028), compared to the sub-adults. The extractable fat content in the m. semimembranosus and offal (p = 0.004), and water to crude protein ratio (p = 0.033), also differed between age groups. The results of the study show different quality attributes of offal and meat of wild boars from two age groups. The obtained quality measures suggest that the culinary and technological usefulness of offal and meat from the wild boars may differ according to the age of hunted animals.

scholarly journals Preliminary Health Risk Assessment of Water from Asa River, Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Adults And Children

This study was carried out to establish health impacts of some trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Asa-river, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer technique for the chemical analysis. Laboratory results show that Al, Fe and Mn average concentrations are higher than prescribed limits unlike others. The Contamination Indexes reveal that the elements are heavily loaded in the water. The exposure dose in both adults and children ranges from 0.021 in As to 181 in Fe (in adults) and from 0.068 in As to 576 in Fe (in children). The average Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for adults and children are generally lower than one except Mn that has average value greater than one in both age groups. However, for children, individual HQ in Fe in some of the locations are >1. The Hazard Index (HI)for adults and children ranged from low to high. The average values of Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) are generally <1. However, in children, values for Fe in some locations are >1. The average Carcinogenic Risk (CR) of Cr and Pb computed for adults and children indicated that the values are greater than the risk limit of 10-6 and 10-4. This could result in potential health risk to the consumers. The sources of these trace elements are largely from various anthropogenic activities and slightly from weathering of rocks in the study area. It is recommended that adequate and well monitored precautions need to be taken to safeguard the health of the consumers especially the children with low immunity.

scholarly journals Rural population health risks caused by nitrate contamination of locally grown vegetables

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Yurii Yu. Eliseev ◽  
Igor I. Berezin ◽  
Nina N. Pichugina ◽  
Artem K. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
General Level ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Objectives to assess the levels of health risks in the rural population associated with the consumption of local vegetables contaminated with nitrates. Material and methods. We established the concentration of nitrates in local vegetables, grown on farms and private subsidiary plots of agricultural areas of the region using a retrospective analysis of the statistics from the Office of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being (Rospotrebnadzor) in the Saratov region and our own research results. The health risks in the rural population from exposure to nitrates in local vegetables were assessed according to the Risk Assessment Guidelines (R 2.1.10. 1920-04). Results. It was revealed that local vegetable products are widely used in the diet of the rural population of the agricultural areas of the Saratov region, amounting to 203.422.5 kg/year per adult resident. Significant differences were revealed in the nitrate contamination of vegetables grown by farmers and on private subsidiary plots of agricultural areas of the Saratov region. Discussion. The high nitrate load detected in vegetable products of farms was determined by a significant amount of fertilizers applied to the soil in the form of ammonium nitrate. On the contrary, the use of special biomass from plants of the legume family by workers of personal subsidiary farms for feeding the growing vegetables, made it possible to obtain vegetable products with a significantly lower quantitative content of nitrates. Conclusion. The assessment of the hazard coefficients of nitrates in vegetable products of the studied areas testified to the possible effect of the nitrate component on the health of the local population. The individual carcinogenic risk caused by nitrate contamination of local vegetables was assessed as low; the population carcinogenic risk value associated with the presence of nitrates in vegetables had the possibility to contribute from 0.01 to 1.3 additional cases of malignant neoplasms to the general level of oncological morbidity in the population of the surveyed territories.

scholarly journals Trace Metals in Vegetables and Associated Health Risks in Industrial Areas of Savar, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 200905
Author(s):  
Md. Al Amin ◽  
Md. Estiar Rahman ◽  
Sahadat Hossain ◽  
Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Moshiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis

Background. The occurrence of high levels of trace metals in foodstuffs represents a significant threat to human health. Vegetables grown in metal-contaminated soil or irrigated with wastewater can accumulate metals and bioaccumulate in the food chain affecting animals and humans. Objectives. The present study aimed to measure the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) in common vegetables grown in the industrial areas of Savar, Bangladesh, and to determine their potential health risks. Methods. Five vegetables species: jute ( Corchorus capsularis), red amaranth ( Amaranthus gangeticus), okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus), zucchini ( Luffa aegyptiaca) and stem amaranth ( Amaranthus viridis) were sampled randomly from agricultural fields across each study site. Vegetable samples were digested in a microwave digestion system (Berghof Microwave MWS-2, Germany). Metal concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-7000, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). Results. The range of Pb, Cd, Cr and Co in analyzed vegetables was 0.643–3.362, 0.041–0.049, 1.681–2.431 and 1.612–2.492 mg/kg, respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of Pb in zucchini and stem amaranth and the THQs of Cr in all analyzed vegetables was greater than one. The target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of Pb and Cd for all analyzed vegetables was in the unacceptable range. In all vegetable samples, lead content was detected to be higher than the maximum permissible limits. The THQ values indicate the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk through consumption of these vegetables. In addition, the TCR values of Pb and Cd indicate a lifetime carcinogenic health risks to consumers. Conclusions. Consumption of vegetables grown in this area may pose long-term health risks. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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