scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Intramuscular Alfaxalone- or Ketamine-Based Anesthetic Mixtures in Gray Squirrels Undergoing Gonadectomy: Clinical and Physiologic Findings

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Nannarone ◽  
Giulia Moretti ◽  
Federica Bellocchi ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Antonello Bufalari
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Gray Squirrel ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Anesthetic Drug ◽  
Complete Relaxation ◽  
Surgical Sterilization ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Intravascular Access

The gray squirrel is one of the most common invasive species in Europe, whose presence is dangerous for the survival of the European red squirrel. To cope with this biological invasion and to safeguard biodiversity, the LIFE+U-SAVEREDS project aims to protect the red squirrel, by limiting the growth of the current population of gray squirrels and simultaneously promoting their eradication with surgical sterilization. This study compares two different anesthetic protocols, including dexmedetomidine (40 µg/kg) and midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) associated with ketamine (15 mg/kg; n = 25 squirrels) or alfaxalone (5 mg/kg; n = 22 squirrels). A blinded investigator evaluated the quality and onset of sedation, intraoperative anesthesia, and recovery, as well as the physiologic parameters for each animal. Alfaxalone provided a good quality of anesthesia with limited cardiovascular effects (p < 0.05) and good intraoperative myorelaxation. Ketamine induced complete relaxation in a shorter time (p < 0.05) and a rapid (p < 0.001) and excellent (p < 0.05) recovery. Despite the overall superiority of ketamine, alfaxalone appeared to be an adequate alternative anesthetic drug that can be administered without requiring intravascular access. It should be rapidly metabolized and excreted; however, it requires the combination of longer acting sedatives/myorelaxants to prevent a poor recovery quality.

scholarly journals Rehabilitating Case of Tetralogy of Fallot Undergone Surgical Repair with Comprehensive Exercise Program: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Sidra Ahmad Siraj ◽  
Vaishnavi Dilip Yadav ◽  
Moli Jai Jain ◽  
Om C. Wadhokar
Keyword(s):  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Output Increase ◽  
Heart Disorders ◽  
Training Modalities

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common cyanotic congenital heart disorders (CHDs). The children with CHD lead relatively sedentary lifestyles, on account of the restriction imposed by treating doctors, parents, and society and by themselves due to fear. The disability related to CHD results in an additional adverse impact on quality of life and physical activity level due to deconditioning. The cardiovascular effects of deconditioning are a decrease in cardiac output, increase resting heart rate with activity, decreased blood pressure in upright positions (orthostatic hypotension), and decreased exercise capacity. These effects would be more pronounced and disabling in an already compromised heart. The operative procedure for the correction of TOF is not curative rather a palliative one. After the correction of the TOF defects, the patient has reduced activity level and exercise capacity. Cardiac rehabilitation including Interval and continuous exercise training modalities were proven to be safe and efficient in improving exercise capacity and functioning of the heart.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Effects in Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated with Anthracyclines

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian I. Franco ◽  
Jacqueline M. Henkel ◽  
Tracie L. Miller ◽  
Steven E. Lipshultz
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Artery Disease

Anthracyclines are commonly used to treat childhood leukemias and lymphomas, as well as other malignancies, leading to a growing population of long-term childhood cancer survivors. However, their use is limited by cardiotoxicity, increasing survivors' vulnerability to treatment-related complications that can markedly affect their quality of life. Survivors are more likely to suffer from heart failure, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular accidents compared to the general population. The specific mechanisms of anthracycline cardiotoxicity are complex and remain unclear. Hence, determining the factors that may increase susceptibility to cardiotoxicity is of great importance, as is monitoring patients during and after treatment. Additionally, treatment and prevention options, such as limiting cumulative dosage, liposomal anthracyclines, and dexrazoxane, continue to be explored. Here, we review the cardiovascular complications associated with the use of anthracyclines in treating malignancies in children and discuss methods for preventing, screening, and treating such complications in childhood cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Quality of Lake Ecosystems and its Role in the Spread of Invasive Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 676-687
Author(s):  
Oskars Purmalis ◽  
Laura Grīnberga ◽  
Linards Kļaviņš ◽  
Māris Kļaviņš
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Management Measures

Abstract Lake ecosystems are important elements of hydrological regime, the quality of these ecosystems is affected by anthropogenic actions, and therefore, a variety of organisms, living in these habitats depend on the applied management solutions. Due to human activities freshwater ecosystems suffer from loss of biodiversity and increased eutrophication. Therefore, important aspects related to lake management include knowledge about the water quality, ecosystem response to climate change as well as increased risks of appearance and spreading of invasive species. Water quality, content of oxygen, nutrients, phytoplankton and distribution of macrophytes, including invasive species were analysed in Balvu and Pērkonu lakes. Presence of invasive species Canadian waterweed (Elodea canadensis) was detected, however, common reed (Phragmites australis) can be considered as expansive species. The analysis of current situation and existing management measures indicates persistent spreading of those species. Significant changes of lake water quality and climate may increase possible spreading of other, more aggressive, invasive species, for example – Nuttall’s waterweed (Elodea nuttallii).

scholarly journals Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2008

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Needs Assessments ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Threatened And Endangered Species ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Agricultural Animal ◽  
Stakeholder Input

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is to apply scientific expertise to resolve human-wildlife conflicts while maintaining the quality of the environment shared with wildlife. As the research arm of the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service's (APHIS) Wildlife Services (WS) program, NWRC develops methods and information to address human-wildlife conflicts related to: (1) agriculture (crops, livestock, aquaculture, and timber); (2) human health and safely (wildlife disease, aviation); (3) property damage; (4) invasive species, and (5) threatened and endangered species. NWRC's research programs and priorities are based on nationwide research needs assessments, Congressional directives, WS program needs, and stakeholder input. NWRC research is organized under three research programs that reflect APHIS' commitment to "protecting agricultural and natural resources from agricultural animal and plant health threats, zoonotic diseases, invasive species, and wildlife conflicts and diseases".

Invasive Species

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Simberloff
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Red Imported Fire Ant ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Invasive species come in all sizes, from plant pathogens like the chestnut blight in eastern North America, to the red imported fire ant that has spread throughout the South, the predatory Indian mongoose now found in the Caribbean and Hawaii, and the huge Burmese python populating the Florida swamps. And while many invasive species are safe and even beneficial, the more harmful varieties cost the world economy billions of dollars annually, devastate agriculture, spread painful and even lethal diseases, and otherwise diminish our quality of life in myriad surprising ways. In Invasive Species: What Everyone Needs to Know, award-winning biologist Daniel Simberloff offers a wide-ranging and informative survey that sheds light on virtually every aspect of these biological invaders. Filled with case studies of an astonishing array of invasive species, the book covers such topics as how humans introduce these species-sometimes inadvertently, but often deliberately-the areas that have suffered the most biological invasions, the methods we use to keep our borders safe, the policies we currently have in place to manage these species, and future prospects for controlling their spread. An eminent ecologist, Simberloff analyzes the direct and indirect impacts of invasive species on various ecosystems, such as when non-native species out-compete native species for food or light, describes how invasive species (such as the Asian mosquito that is a vector for West Nile virus, itself an invasive species) transmit pathogens, and explains his acclaimed theory of "invasional meltdown" in which two or more introduced species combine to produce a far more devastating impact than any one of them would have caused alone. The book also discusses the more controversial issues surrounding invasive species and it concludes with suggested readings and a list of related web sites.

Water Quality Improvement of a Reservoir Invaded by an Exotic Macrophyte

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Rodríguez ◽  
Jacques Brisson ◽  
Guillermo Rueda ◽  
Manuel S. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Secchi Disk ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Ecological Service ◽  
Quality Assessments

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the macrophyte waterhyacinth on the water quality of a reservoir in Colombia. Postinvasion water quality assessments were performed during three different hydrological periods and compared with preinvasion data. The results show that water quality has improved, especially in terms of transparency, showing an increase in Secchi disk values from 0.3 to 2 m (1 to 6.6 ft). The analysis strongly suggests that the improvement in water quality is due to the filtering and precipitation effects provided by waterhyacinth. This case highlights the dilemma of managing an invasive species that provides a beneficial ecological service while posing a high ecological risk.

Modeling Impacts and Costs of Gray Squirrel Control Regimes on the Viability of Red Squirrel Populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Rushton ◽  
John Gurnell ◽  
Peter W. W. Lurz ◽  
Robin M. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Gray Squirrel ◽  
Red Squirrel

Increase in Quantity and Quality of Suitable Areas for Invasive Species as Climate Changes

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1458-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLEO BERTELSMEIER ◽  
GLORIA M. LUQUE ◽  
FRANCK COURCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Climate Changes

scholarly journals Importance of fish biodiversity in conservation planning of Brazilian National Parks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e106101018769
Author(s):  
Thercia Gonçalves Ribeiro Monroe ◽  
Selma Patricia Diniz Cantanhêde ◽  
Natanael Bezerra Monroe ◽  
Fabrício Silva Garcez ◽  
Ligia Tchaicka
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Freshwater Fish Fauna ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Parks Management ◽  
Rapid Ecological Assessment

Protected areas are essential for the maintenance of biodiversity. In Brazil, national parks encompass one of the most important portions of this area (26.864.003,74ha) that needs to be adequately managed to achieve conservation. Aiming to understand how the ichthyofauna data is included in management plans of  Brazilian National Parks, we review 55 Brazilian national parks management plans to compare how data of freshwater fish fauna are included in these documents. The data evaluated from management plans were Hydrography, ichthyofauna list, participation of professionals trained in rapid ecological assessment and species richness, endangered and invasive species. This information was used to categorize the management plans through two sets of assessing: quality of rapid ecological assessment and coverage of species diversity. The categorization results were assumed as an indicator of the potential for biodiversity conservation of the management plans.   We compare obtained results between biomes.   We were able to understand that many of the Brazilian National Parks do not have management plans, and among the plans that are prepared, the lack of essential information compromises their potential for the conservation of biodiversity. We highlight the need to improve management plans for the Caatinga parks and expand the analysis of invasive species for all biomes.

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