scholarly journals Quantification of Defensive Proteins in Skin Mucus of Atlantic salmon Using Minimally Invasive Sampling and High-Sensitivity ELISA

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Haitham Tartor ◽  
Adérito Luis Monjane ◽  
Søren Grove
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Enzyme Cascade ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Amplification Strategy ◽  
Cascade Amplification ◽  
Subtype A

Protocols used to collect fish skin mucus may inadvertently compromise the sampled fish or the resulting sample. Here, we used three methods (wiping, scraping, and absorption) to collect skin mucus from Atlantic salmon and compared their invasiveness on fish skin epithelium. We found that the absorption method was the least invasive. We also compared the abundance of antigen-specific immunoglobulin M subtype A antibodies (IgM-A Ab) and complement component 5 (C5) in mucus samples collected from vaccinated fish by the three methods. An enzyme-cascade-amplification strategy colorimetric immune assay was optimized and used to analyze IgM-A, and ELISA was used to analyze C5. The abundance of antigen-specific IgM-A in skin mucus was comparable between the three methods, but C5 was significantly lower in absorbed mucus in comparison to in the wiped or scraped mucus samples. Absorbed skin mucus samples collected from various body regions of salmon, levels of C5 were comparable, while specific IgM-A amounts varied between the regions. By comparing three mucus-absorbing materials (medical wipe, gauze, and cotton) for their ability to absorb and release IgM-A and C5, medical wipes proved to be ideal for IgM-A analysis, whereas gauze was the best for C5 analysis.

A non-enzyme cascade amplification strategy for colorimetric assay of disease biomarkers

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (65) ◽  
pp. 9055-9058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuxing Li ◽  
Zhuangqiang Gao ◽  
Haihang Ye ◽  
Shulin Wan ◽  
Meghan Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Enzyme Cascade ◽  
Amplification Strategy ◽  
Cascade Amplification

A non-enzyme cascade amplification strategy for colorimetric assay of disease biomarkers with substantially enhanced detection sensitivity has been developed.

An artificial enzyme cascade amplification strategy for highly sensitive and specific detection of breast cancer-derived exosomes

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Xu ◽  
Lu Zheng ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Bang-Ce Ye
Keyword(s):  
Early Cancer ◽  
Artificial Enzyme ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Heterogeneous Membrane ◽  
Enzyme Cascade ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
Amplification Strategy ◽  
Cascade Amplification

Tumor-related exosomes, which are heterogeneous membrane-enclosed nanovesicles shed from cancer cells, have been widely recognized as potential noninvasive biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. Herein, an artificial enzyme cascade amplification strategy...

STUDY OF PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF FISH SKIN MUCUS WITH THROMBOGENIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
L.L. Fomina ◽  
◽  
Yu.L. Oshurkova ◽  
O.A. Junina ◽  
T.S. Kulakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Skin ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Protein Components

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect™ ELISA for the Detection of IgM Antibodies in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Blacksell ◽  
Hugh Kingston ◽  
Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai ◽  
Meghna Phanichkrivalkosil ◽  
Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Regional Assessment ◽  
Igm Elisa

Here we estimated the accuracy of the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect™ immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA to determine the optimal optical density (OD) cut-off values for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Patients with undifferentiated febrile illness from Chittagong, Bangladesh, provided samples for reference testing using (i) qPCR using the Orientia spp. 47-kDa htra gene, (ii) IFA ≥1:3200 on admission, (iii) immunofluorescence assay (IFA) ≥1:3200 on admission or 4-fold rise to ≥3200, and (iv) combination of PCR and IFA positivity. For sero-epidemiological purposes (ELISA vs. IFA ≥1:3200 on admission or 4-fold rise to ≥3200), the OD cut-off for admission samples was ≥1.25, resulting in a sensitivity (Sn) of 91.5 (95% confidence interval (95% CI: 96.8–82.5) and a specificity (Sp) of 92.4 (95% CI: 95.0–89.0), while for convalescent samples the OD cut-off was ≥1.50 with Sn of 66.0 (95% CI: 78.5–51.7) and Sp of 96.0 (95% CI: 98.3–92.3). Comparisons against comparator reference tests (ELISA vs. all tests including PCR) indicated the most appropriate cut-off OD to be within the range of 0.75–1.25. For admission samples, the best Sn/Sp compromise was at 1.25 OD (Sn 91.5%, Sp 92.4%) and for convalescent samples at 0.75 OD (Sn 69.8%, Sp 89.5%). A relatively high (stringent) diagnostic cut-off value provides increased diagnostic accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity in the majority of cases, while lowering the cut-off runs the risk of false positivity. This study underlines the need for regional assessment of new diagnostic tests according to the level of endemicity of the disease given the high levels of residual or cross-reacting antibodies in the general population.

scholarly journals Effect of Light–Dark Cycle on Skin Mucosal Immune Activities of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Diana Ceballos-Francisco ◽  
Alberto Cuesta ◽  
María Ángeles Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Skin Mucus

Changes in different immune activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens exposed to a constant light–dark photoperiod (12 h L:12 h D) were studied. Samples were collected at 08:00 (light on), 14:00, 20:00 (light off), 02:00, and again at 08:00 to determine immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, several enzymes related to the immune system, and bactericidal activity. IgM levels were higher during the day in seabream and reached a minimum value at 20:00, but it was hardly affected in sea bass. No significant variations were recorded in the levels of protease and antiprotease. Peroxidase reached its maximum level in seabream at 02:00, the same time that it reached its minimum level in sea bass. Lysozyme showed little variation in seabream, but it was significantly lower at 14:00 than during the rest of the cycle in sea bass. Finally, different interspecific variations on bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi were recorded. The findings demonstrate that the immune parameters present in skin mucus of these important fish species are affected by the light–dark cycle and that there are substantial interspecies differences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document