scholarly journals Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides Modulate Gut Inflammatory Response and Improve Duodenal Villi Height in Post-Weaning Piglets Improving Feed Efficiency

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Agazzi ◽  
Vera Perricone ◽  
Fabio Omodei Zorini ◽  
Silvia Sandrini ◽  
Elena Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on gut health and performance in post-weaning piglets. In total, 40 piglets were divided into two experimental groups and fed a basal diet with (TRT) or without (CON) 0.2% mannan oligosaccharides for 35 days. Growth performance was determined weekly and faecal microbial composition on days 0, 14 and 35. On day 36, histometrical evaluations were performed on duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and colon samples. mRNA gene expression of inflammation-related genes was evaluated in samples of ileal Peyer’s patches (IPP). MOS administration improved feed efficiency in the last two weeks of the trial (p < 0.05), and a decreased clostridia content was found in faeces at day 14 (p = 0.05). TRT piglets showed increased duodenal villi height (p < 0.05), and reduced mRNA levels of Tumour Necrosis Factor α (p < 0.05) and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (p < 0.01) in IPP. Our results suggest beneficial effects of MOS supplementation on gut morphology and the expression of inflammation-related genes in post-weaning piglets, accompanied by increased feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Growth performance and gut health of Escherichia coli-challenged weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with a Bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangwoo Park ◽  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Kevin Jerez Bogota ◽  
David Francis ◽  
Jolie Caroline González-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) product (Bacillus subtilis strain DSM 32540) in weaned pigs challenged with K88 strain of Escherichia coli on growth performance and indicators of gut health. A total of 21 weaned pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 8.19 kg] were housed individually in pens and fed three diets (seven replicates per diet) for 21 d in a completely randomized design. The three diets were a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet without feed additives, a basal diet with 0.25% antibiotics (neo-Oxy 10-10; neomycin + oxytetracycline), or a basal diet with 0.05% DFM. All pigs were orally challenged with a subclinical dose (6.7 × 108 CFU/mL) of K88 strain of E. coli on day 3 of the study (3 d after weaning). Feed intake and BW data were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Fecal scores were recorded daily. On day 21, pigs were sacrificed to determine various indicators of gut health. Supplementation of the basal diet with antibiotics or DFM did not affect the overall (days 0–21) growth performance of pigs. However, antibiotics or DFM supplementation increased (P = 0.010) gain:feed (G:F) of pigs during the post-E. coli challenge period (days 3–21) by 23% and 24%, respectively. The G:F for the DFM-supplemented diet did not differ from that for the antibiotics-supplemented diet. The frequency of diarrhea for pigs fed a diet with antibiotics or DFM tended to be lower (P = 0.071) than that of pigs fed the basal diet. The jejunal villous height (VH) and the VH to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) were increased (P &lt; 0.001) by 33% and 35%, respectively, due to the inclusion of antibiotics in the basal diet and by 43% and 41%, respectively due to the inclusion of DFM in the basal diet. The VH and VH:CD for the DFM-supplemented diet were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those for the antibiotics-supplemented diet. Ileal VH was increased (P &lt; 0.05) by 46% due to the inclusion of DFM in the basal diet. The empty weight of small intestine, cecum, or colon relative to live BW was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or DFM supplementation. In conclusion, the addition of DFM to the basal diet improved the feed efficiency of E. coli-challenged weaned pigs to a value similar to that of the antibiotics-supplemented diet and increased jejunal VH and VH:CD ratio to values greater than those for the antibiotics-supplemented diet. Thus, under E. coli challenge, the test DFM product may replace the use of antibiotics as a growth promoter in diets for weaned pigs to improve feed efficiency and gut integrity.

scholarly journals Kebutuhan Kalsium Ayam Broiler Fase Starter dengan Penambahan Enzim Fitase

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Eny Sholikhatin ◽  
Ferry Poernama ◽  
Nanung Danar Dono ◽  
Zuprizal .
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bone Ash

The aim of this study was to determine the calcium requirements of broiler chickens in starter phase with the addition of phytase enzyme. This experiment used 1,200 broiler chickens (mixed sex) for 21 days rearing period in a closed house. The basal diets was corn and soybean meal which contained 0.097% Ca and 0.123% P-av. The treatments consisted of 6 diets treatment: P1 (basal diet with the addition of 0.42% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and then P2 to P6 were basal diet with the addition of 0.22% NPP and 1,000 FTU/kg phytase and the addition of calcium (Ca) at different levels: 0.82% (P2); 0.74% (P3); 0.66% (P4); 0.58% (P5) and 0.50% (P6). The growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization parameters were studied using Oneway ANOVA in a Completely Randomized Design. Duncan's new Multiple Ranges Test was used to separate means with significant differences. Results showed that 0.90% Ca supplementation without phytase and the reduction levels of Ca from 0.82% to 0.50% increased the amount of feed consumed by birds in all growth phases (P<0.05). The addition of phytase had beneficial effects on increasing body weight (P<0.05) and average of body weight gain (P<0.05), and decreased the value of FCR in 11 - 21 days and 1 - 21 days. The addition of phytase increased protein and energy consumption, followed by increased in the value of PER and  EER (P<0.05). When phytase was added in the diets, reduction levels of Ca in the diets up to 0.50% did not give any adverse effect on the tibia bone ash. It can be concluded that feeding with phytase can sustain growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus Zeae on the Gut Health of Piglets Challenged with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wu ◽  
Yutao Shi ◽  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Etec Infection

Abstract Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common enteric pathogen that causes diarrhoea in humans and animals. Lactobacillus zeae LB1 has been shown to reduce ETEC infection to Caenorhabditis elegans and Salmonella burden in pigs. The present study was to evaluate the effects of L. zeae LB1 on the gut health of lactating piglets that were challenged with ETEC.Results Six-four 7-day-old piglets were assigned into 8 groups: 1) control group (basal diet, phosphate buffer saline); 2) CT group (basal diet + 40 mg/kg colistin); 3) LL group (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/pig/day LB1); 4) HL group (basal diet + 1 × 108 CFU/pig/day LB1); 5) ETEC group: (basal diet + ETEC challenged); 6) CT + ETEC group (basal diet + CT + ETEC); 7) LL + ETEC group (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/pig/day LB1 + ETEC); 8) HL + ETEC group (basal diet + 1 × 108 CFU/pig/day LB1 + ETEC). The trial lasted ten days including 3 days of adaptation. Several significant interactions were found on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, gene, and protein expression. ETEC infection disrupted the cell structure and biochemical indicators of blood, undermined the integrity of the intestinal tract, and induced oxidative stress, diarrhoea, intestinal damage, and death of piglets. The supplementation of L. zeae LB1 alleviated ETEC’s adverse effects by reducing pig diarrhoea, oxidative stress, and death, modulating cell structure and biochemical indicators of blood, improving the capacity of immunity and anti-oxidation of pigs, and restoring their intestinal integrity. At the molecular level, the beneficial effects of L. zeae LB1 appeared to be mediated by regulating functional related proteins (including HSP70, Caspase-3, NLRP3, AQP3, and AQP4) and genes (including RPL4, IL-8, HP, HSP70, Mx1, Mx2, S100A12, Nrf2, GPX2 and ARG1). Conclusions These results suggest that dietary supplementation of L. zeae LB1 improved the intestinal functions and health of piglets.

scholarly journals PSVI-40 Effects of dietary glucan on intestinal morphology, immunity response, barrier function and antioxidant capacity in weaning pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
xia xiong ◽  
Lvliang Wu ◽  
Yirui Shao ◽  
Jian zou ◽  
Yulong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Abstract Glucan has been studied as a potential alternative to antibiotics for animals in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary glucan on growth performance and gut health of weaning piglets, which is a water-soluble extracellular ꞵ-glucan produced by Agrobacterium sp. ZX09. A total of 108 weaned piglets (21 d of age; 6.05 ± 0.36 kg) were randomly assigned (6 pens/diet; 18 piglets/pen) to 3 dietary treatments consisting of a basal diet (control group) or the basal diet supplemented with 20 ppm olaquindox or 200 ppm glucan for 14 days, respectively. The results showed that piglets fed with glucan had greater (P &lt; 0.05) body weight and average daily gain than piglets in control group. Piglets fed with glucan or antibiotic had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio on duodenum compared with control group (P &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of Claudin-1 on duodenum or ileum was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in glucan group than that on the other groups. The mRNA expression of TLR4, MYD88 and NFκB on jejunum were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in glucan or antibiotic group than those in control group. Dietary supplementation with glucan tended to increase the IL-10 and SIgA concentration on ileum (0.05 &lt; P &lt; 0.1). Dietary supplementation with glucan tended to increase the total antioxidant capacity on jejunum (P = 0.093). In conclusion, 200 ppm glucan or 20 ppm olaquindox can improve the growth performance of weaning piglets. The glucan may can accelerate the growth of weaned piglets by improving gut health. This research will provide guidance for the olaquindox alternative on growing piglets.

scholarly journals Supplementation of a lacto-fermented rapeseed-seaweed blend promotes gut microbial- and gut immune-modulation in weaner piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hui ◽  
Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo ◽  
Tomasz Cieplak ◽  
Gizaw Dabessa Satessa ◽  
Witold Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Final Body Weight

AbstractThe direct use of medical zinc oxide (ZnO) in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe, leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders. This study assessed whether rapeseed meal added two brown macroalagae species (Saccharina latissima and Ascophylum nodosum) and fermented using lactic acid bacteria (FRS) could improve piglet performance and gut health. The weaned piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens (n = 230 each): basal diet, 2.5% and 5% FRS from day 28 of life to day 85. The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS presented superior phenotype with alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut, enhanced colon mucosa barrier as well as numerically improvements of final body weight. Colon microbiota composition was determined using amplicon sequencing of the V3 and V1 – V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina Nextseq and Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing, respectively. The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistence between the detected bacteria. Both sequencing technologies showed that the FRS fed piglets had a distinctly different microbial composition relative to the basal diet. Compared with piglets fed the basal diet, Prevotella stercorea was verified by both technologies to be more abundant in the FRS piglets, and positively correlated with colon mucosa thickness and negatively correlated with blood levels of leucocytes and IgG. In conclusion, FRS supplementation improved gut health of weaner piglets, and altered their gut microbiota composition. Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not cause further improvements.

scholarly journals 15 Dietary supplementation with lactic acid and glutamine improve intestinal digestive and regulate intestinal microflora in weaning piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Junjie Jiang ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary addition of lactic acid and glutamine on growth performance and intestinal health in weaning pigs. Ninety six 24-d-old piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with BW of 7.24± 0.09 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 1) basal diet (CON), 2) CON supplemented with 2% lactic acid (LS), 3) CON supplemented with 1% glutamine (GS), and 4) CON supplemented with 2% lactic acid and 1% glutamine (LGS). After 28-d trial, 6 piglets from each treatment were randomly selected to collect serum and intestinal samples. The results showed that piglets fed the LGS had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than piglets fed the CON diet. Compared with CON, apparent total tract digestibility of CP in LS, GS and LGS was greater (P &lt; 0.05), index of diarrhea in LS and LGS was lower (P &lt; 0.05), serum IGF-1 in LS, GS and LGS and serum growth hormone in LS and GS were improved (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, jejunal villus height in LS and LGS were increased (P &lt; 0.05), the activities of amylase and lipase of the jejunal mucosa in LS and LGS were increased (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, compared with CON, pigs fed the LS, GS and LGS up-regulated (P &lt; 0.05) the mRNA levels of glucose transport type 2, IGF-1, occludin. Moreover, LGS had higher (P &lt; 0.05) abundances of total bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in cecal and colonic digesta, and higher concentrations of total volatile fatty acid in cecal digesta. Collectively, the current results indicate that dietary addition of lactic acid and glutamine combination could improve growth performance through the promotion of the small intestinal development, increasing digestive, and regulating balances of microflora in piglets.

scholarly journals Multi-Probiotic Lactobacillus Supplementation Improves Liver Function and Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Jeju Native Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2309
Author(s):  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Yunhui Min ◽  
Jiwon Yang ◽  
Yunji Heo ◽  
Mangeun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Native Pigs

We evaluated the dietary effects of multiple probiotics in Jeju native pigs, using basal diet and multi-probiotic Lactobacillus (basal diet with 1% multi-probiotics) treatments (n = 9 each) for 3 months. We analyzed growth performance, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, blood parameters, hematological profiles, adipokines, and immune-related cytokines in pig tissues. Average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, and body weight were not significantly different between both groups. In Lactobacillus group, total protein (p < 0.08) and bilirubin (p < 0.03) concentrations increased; blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.08), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.08), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (p < 0.08) activities decreased. Lactobacillus group showed decreased adiponectin (p < 0.05), chemerin (p < 0.05), and visfatin expression in adipose tissues, and increased TLR4 (p < 0.05), MYD88 (p < 0.05), TNF-α (p < 0.001), and IFN-γ (p < 0.001) expression in the liver. Additionally, NOD1 (p < 0.05), NOD2 (p < 0.01), and MYD88 (p < 0.05) mRNA levels in proximal colon tissue upregulated significantly. Colon, longissimus dorsi muscle, fat tissue, and liver histological analyses revealed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusively, Lactobacillus supplementation improved liver function and reduced cholesterol levels. Its application may treat metabolic liver disorders, especially cholesterol-related disorders.

scholarly journals Dried yeast cell walls high in beta-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharides positively affect microbial composition and activity in the canine gastrointestinal tract in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Van den Abbeele ◽  
Cindy Duysburgh ◽  
Maike Rakebrandt ◽  
Massimo Marzorati
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

Abstract The outer cell wall of yeast is characterized by high levels of β-glucans and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), which have been linked with beneficial effects on intestinal health and immune status in dogs. In this study, a standardized in vitro simulation of the canine gastrointestinal tract (Simulator of the Canine Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; SCIME) was used to evaluate the effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based product, consisting of 27.5% β-glucans and 22.5% MOS, on the activity (as assessed by measurement of fermentative metabolites) and composition (as assessed by 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing) of canine intestinal microbiota. The S. cerevisiae-based product was tested at three different dosages, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/d. A dose-dependent fermentation pattern was observed along the entire length of the colon, as shown by the increased production of the health-related acetate, propionate, and butyrate for the three concentrations tested (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/d). A consistent finding for all three tested concentrations was the increased propionate production (P &lt; 0.05) in the simulated proximal and distal colon. These changes in terms of fermentative metabolites could be linked to specific microbial alterations at the family level, such as the specific stimulation of the propionate-producing families Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae upon in vitro exposure to the S. cerevisiae-based product. Other consistent changes in community composition upon repeated exposure included the decrease in the Enterobacteriaceae and the Fusobacteriaceae families, which both contain several potentially opportunistic pathogens. Altogether, the generated data support a possible health-promoting role of a product high in β-glucans and MOS when supplemented to the dogs’ diet.

scholarly journals Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Gadde ◽  
W. H. Kim ◽  
S. T. Oh ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
And Performance

AbstractWith the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Phenylpyruvate on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Zulqarnain Talpur ◽  
Peng Wentong ◽  
Yuxian Zeng ◽  
Peipei Xie ◽  
Jincheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Slaughter Performance ◽  
Cell Surface Structure

The purpose of this study was to see how dietary supplementation with phenylpyruvate affected broiler chicken growth, slaughter performance, gut health microbiota, and immunity. A total of 288 day old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (6 replicates each with 12 chicken). NC (basal diet), PC (basal diet plus antibiotic virginiamycin 15ppm), LCP and HCP (basal diet plus phenylpyruvate 1kg/t and 2kg/t, respectively). Results showed that PC had higher ADFI during the first 21 days, and better FCR than the NC, the LCP and HCP also improved broilers&rsquo; FCR 0.001 and 0.037% in relation to NC respectively. HCP has a higher all-eviscerated ratio than NC and less abdominal fat than LCP. HCP has increased villus length and crypt depth in the ileum compared to the NC. Bursa was lower in HCP and thymus was lower in LCP and PC. In contrast HCP have lower pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1, as well as lower TLR4. The phenylpyruvate improved family Selenomonadaceae, genus Megamonas Bacteroides species that are known for beneficial effects like for maintenance of the cell surface structure, regulating aromatic amino acids and C. jejuni-suppressive treatment respectively. Finally, phenylpyruvate feed supplement can be utilized to improve growth performance and positively modulate gut microbiota, however this is less efficient than antibiotics in improving growth performance, although more efficient in improving productive performance and gut morphology. Moreover, high dose of phenylpyruvate is more effective than low dose

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