scholarly journals Administration of Glucose at Litter Equalization as a Strategy to Increase Energy in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Joanna Klaaborg ◽  
Charlotte Amdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
First Time

Hyper-prolific sows give birth to large litters and up to 25% of piglets born have been subjected to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The aim of this study was to test whether an oral administration of glucose impacts the survival rate and body weight gain of IUGR piglets at weaning. Different methods (injection versus oral administration of glucose 6 mL or 12 mL, respectively) were tested on IUGR piglets at litter equalization (i.e., when piglets are handled the first time at 5–20 h after birth). Injecting glucose generated the highest whole-blood glucose level + 3 h after treatment, however, after this no differences were observed. Of the 237 IUGR piglets studied, 98 piglets died or were removed from the nurse sow (41%). Rectal temperature at litter equalization (0 h) was related to the survival of the piglets with an average temperature of 37.1 ± 0.1 °C in surviving piglets and 36.6 ± 0.1 °C in piglets that died. In conclusion, providing these extra management actions at litter equalization is too late to help piglets that have a low rectal temperature and are low on energy. More research investigating different management methods to deal with IUGR piglets are needed as many of these underdeveloped piglets will not survive.

scholarly journals Long-Term Oral Administration ofCapsicum baccatumExtracts Does Not Alter Behavioral, Hematological, and Metabolic Parameters in CF1 Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Rigon Zimmer ◽  
Bianca Leonardi ◽  
Eduardo Rigon Zimmer ◽  
Eduardo Kalinine ◽  
Diogo Onofre de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
First Time

Our group showed that crude ethanol (CE) and butanol (BUT) extracts ofCapsicum baccatumpresented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the flavonoid and total phenolic contents were positively correlated with both of these properties observed forC. baccatumextracts. The present study demonstrated that 60 days of oral administration of CE and BUT (200 mg/kg) in mice did not cause significant differences in the following parameters evaluated: hematological profile, body weight and relative weight of visceral organs, systemic lipid profile, glucose homeostasis (GTT), kidney and hepatic biochemical markers, and spontaneous locomotion and anxiety-like behavior. Altogether, these results indicate for the first time that the long-term oral administration ofC. baccatumextracts does not affect specific aspects of CF1 mice physiology, suggesting their safety, building up the venue to test their efficacy in animal models underlying persistent activation of oxidative and inflammatory pathways.

scholarly journals Plasma lipid levels and body weight altered by intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal fructose diet in adult rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Malo ◽  
Meiju Saukko ◽  
Merja Santaniemi ◽  
Mirella Hietaniemi ◽  
Eveliina Lammentausta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Oral administration of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist, mCPP, reduces body weight gain in rats over 28 days as a result of maintained hypophagia

2003 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Vickers ◽  
N. Easton ◽  
L. J. Webster ◽  
A. Wyatt ◽  
M. J. Bickerdike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Body Weight Gain

GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECTS OF SOME GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND GLUCAGON IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GAVORA ◽  
P. A. KONDRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Increase Growth Rate

Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of Lipo-adrenal cortex (LAC), cortisone acetate (CA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and glucagon (G) in broiler chickens. Oral administration of 38.7, 69.6 or 96.8 mg CA per bird significantly retarded body weight gain between days 14 and 21. HCA administered intramuscularly in doses varying from 2 to 24 mg/100 g of body weight significantly decreased body weight gain between days 14 and 28. Shank growth was similarly affected by doses over 4 mg HCA. The same doses significantly increased liver weight. At 3 months of age, birds recovered from growth retardation caused by the injection of 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight at 14 days of age. Experimental results indicate that 2 or 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight, administered by one injection at 14 days of age, may be used to increase growth rate variance by retarding growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-1 on Experimental Enterocolitis in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1231-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sou Ohkawara ◽  
Hideki Furuya ◽  
Kousuke Nagashima ◽  
Narito Asanuma ◽  
Tsuneo Hino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Bloody Stool ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens

ABSTRACT Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT-1, a butyrate-producing strain, was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent enterocolitis. Oral administration of the MDT-1 strain (109 CFU/dose) alleviated the symptoms of colitis (including body weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, organic disorder, and mucosal damage) that are induced in mice drinking water that contains 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels in colonic tissue were reduced, suggesting that MDT-1 mitigates bowel inflammation. The addition of MDT-1 culture supernatant inhibited the growth of nine clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli that could potentially cause enterocolitis. Infection of mice with C. coli 11580-3, one of the isolates inhibited by MDT-1 in vitro, resulted in diarrhea, mucosal damage, increased MPO activity levels in colonic tissue, increased numbers of C. coli in the cecum, and decreased body weight gain. However, administration of MDT-1 to mice, prior to and during C. coli infection, reduced these effects. These results suggest that Campylobacter-induced enterocolitis can be alleviated by using B. fibrisolvens as a probiotic.

scholarly journals The Effect of Progesterone Administration on the Expression of Metastasis Tumor Antigens (MTA1 and MTA3) in Placentas of Normal and Dexamethasone-Treated Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Alawadhia ◽  
Farah Al Shammari ◽  
Fatemah Mulla Ali ◽  
Rama Almatar ◽  
Ayat Al-Duwaikhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Protein Expressions

Abstract BackgroundDexamethasone (DEX) induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in pregnant rats. IUGR can occur due to apoptosis of trophoblasts, which is believed to be inhibited by progesterone (P4). A group of genes called MTAs play a role in proliferation and apoptosis. MTA1 upregulates trophoblasts proliferation and differentiation, while MTA3 downregulates proliferation and induces apoptosis. Hence, we hypothesized that during IUGR, placental MTA1 decreases and MTA3 increases and this is reversed by P4 treatment. MethodsPregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups based on daily intraperitoneal injections: control (C, saline), DEX (DEX, 0.2 mg/kg/day), DEX and P4 (DEX + P4, DEX: 0.2 mg/kg/day, P4: 5 mg/kg/day) and P4-treated (P4, 5 mg/kg/day) groups. Injections were started on 15 dg until the day of dissection (19 or 21 dg). Gene and protein expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 were studied in the labyrinth (LZ) and basal (BZ) zones using real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. ResultsDEX treatment induced 18% reduction in fetal body weight (p<0.001) and 30% reduction in placental weight (p<0.01). Maternal P4 level was also significantly lower in DEX treated groups (p<0.05). MTA1 expression was decreased in the LZ (gene, p< 0.001) and BZ (protein p<0.01), while MTA3 protein expression was upregulated in the LZ with DEX treatment (p<0.001). These changes were reversed with P4 treatment. ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that DEX induces IUGR through changing the expression of placental MTA1 and MTA3 antigens and P4 improved pregnancy outcome by preventing the changes in MTAs expression.

Dexamethasone-Induced Intrauterine Growth Restriction Modulates Expression Of Placental Vascular Growth Factors And Fetal And Placental Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arias A ◽  
Schander Ja ◽  
Bariani MV ◽  
Correa F ◽  
Domínguez Rubio AP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) is a central topic of interest in medicine since GCs are essential for the maturation of fetal organs and intrauterine growth. Synthetic glucocorticoids, which are used in obstetric practice, exert beneficial effects on the fetus, but have also been reported to lead to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In this study, a model of growth restriction in mice was established through maternal administration of dexamethasone during late gestation. We hypothesised that GC overexposure may adversely affect placental angiogenesis and fetal and placental growth. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control or dexamethasone treatment, either left to give birth or euthanised on days 15, 16, 17 and 18 of gestation followed by collection of maternal and fetal tissue. The IUGR rate increased to 100% in the dexamethasone group (8 mg/kg body weight on gestational days 14 and 15) and pups had clinical features of symmetrical IUGR at birth. Dexamethasone administration significantly decreased maternal body weight gain and serum corticosterone levels. Moreover, prenatal dexamethasone treatment not only induced fetal growth retardation but also decreased placental weight. In IUGR placentas, VEGFA protein levels and mRNA expression of VEGF receptors were reduced and NOS activity was lower. Maternal dexamethasone administration also reduced placental expression of the GC receptor, αGR. We demonstrated that maternal dexamethasone administration causes fetal and placental growth restriction. Furthermore, we propose that the growth retardation induced by prenatal GC overexposure may be caused, at least partially, by an altered placental angiogenic profile.

scholarly journals LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING PROCEEDS FROM YOUNG ADULTHOOD INTO MIDLIFE IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION BABOONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S106-S106
Author(s):  
Geoffrey D Clarke ◽  
Hillary Huber ◽  
Cun Li ◽  
Anderson Kuo ◽  
Peter Nathanielsz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phase Array ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Abstract Previous cross-sectional studies have shown young adult baboons (~5-6 y.o.), subjected to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by maternal calorie restriction during pregnancy and lactation, exhibit ventricular remodeling with mildly impaired heart function relative to age/sex-matched controls (CTL). METHODS: In this longitudinal study cardiac MRI was performed on male IUGR baboons (n=7). A 3 Tesla, Siemens TIM Trio MRI system was used with phase-array coils with parallel imaging acquisition and breath-holding during the scan. Studies of IUGR animals occurred at 4.7 + 0.1 yr. intervals; the first scan (scan1) at 5.8 + 1.2 y (human equivalent - HE ~24 years) and the second (scan2) at 10.4 + 1.2 yr (HE~40 y). Scans on the CTL animals (N=4) occurred at 5.3 + 1.4 years and 10 + 1.4 years. RESULTS: Change in body weight over 4.7 years was less in the IUGR group (Δwt=6.3 + 6.1 kg) than in the control group (Δwt =11.5 + 8.2 kg). Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was significantly greater in IUGR animals for scan2 (+10.7%, p=0.03) but not in normal controls (+1.8%, p=0.75). Stroke volume and end-diastolic LV volume were normalized to body surface area (BSA). SV/BSA (17.6 + 4.9, 31.5 + 12.3 mL/sq.m; p=0.016) and EDV/BSA (47.3 + 13.6, 64.5 + 18.8 mL/sq.m; p=0.045) were also significantly increased in IUGR animals but not controls. In IUGR subjects, Δweight was significantly and positively correlated with ΔEF (r=0.86, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In IUGR, but not in CTL baboons, cardiac function adaptations continue into midlife and are related to increases in body weight with aging. We conclude that IUGR programs cardiovascular function and that programmed changes continue into midlife.

scholarly journals Toxicity study and anti-trypanosomal activities of aqueous and methanol whole plant extracts of Brillantaisia owariensis on Trypanosoma brucei-induced infection in BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisa Garba Ayawa ◽  
Suleiman Babatunde Ramon-Yusuf ◽  
Yunusa Adamu Wada ◽  
Sonnie Joshua Oniye ◽  
Dalhatu Mukhtari Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Prolonged Survival ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The problem of drug resistance and toxicity in trypanosomiasis is ever-increasing, thereby creating a need to search for efficacious and safer alternatives that are of plant origin. We designed the present study to assess the oral acute toxicity, and anti-trypanosomal activity of Brillantaisia owariensis in mice. Methods Fifty-eight BALB/c mice were used for this study. For toxicity assessment, eighteen mice were divided into two groups of nine mice each, and acute single oral administration of the aqueous and methanol whole plant extracts of B. owariensis was assessed for each group as per Lorke’s method. Mice were observed for signs of toxicity of liver and kidney organs after two weeks of oral administration. For the anti-trypanosomal activity, forty mice were divided into eight groups of five mice. Mouse in each group was inoculated with 0.1 mL containing106T. brucei /mL. Following patency of 3 days, mice were treated at different dosages of methanol and aqueous extracts. Pre-infection, post-infection, and post-treatment data for rectal temperature, body weight, parasiteamia level, packed cell volume, and daily survival were monitored. Results The acute oral toxicity studies (LD50) for methanol and aqueous plant extracts in this study were calculated as 3535 mg/kg/body weight, and are non-toxic. No obvious histopathologic observation in the liver and kidney tissues. The mean daily rectal temperature and mean weights of all the treated mice were restored to normal values and significant (P, 0.05) in comparison to the positive control. Parasitaemia clearance by both extracts was suppressive. The mean PCV values were significantly increased following treatment, and there was prolonged survival especially in mice treated with methanol extracts. Conclusion The study concludes that the extracts of B. owariensis are relatively non-toxic with a good safety margin when administered to mice orally. Crude methanol extract exhibited better suppressive and haematinic antitrypanosomal activities than the aqueous extract, and it has a promising effect by its ability to reduce anaemia in mice challenged with T. brucei brucei, and prolonged survival.

scholarly journals Methods of pharmacological correction of intrauterine growth restriction syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Olga I. Klycheva ◽  
Anna B. Khuraseva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Pharmacological Correction ◽  
First Time

Aim. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of intrauterine growth restriction syndrome (IGRS) by monotherapy with diosmin and dipiridamol. Materials and Methods. Retrospective and prospective examination of 80 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy with gestational age from 28 to 36 weeks with confirmed diagnosis of IGRS of 1 or 2 degree asymmetric form was conducted. 75.0% Of pregnant women that participated in the study, were of the average reproductive age (23-29 years of age). The share of young first-time-mother in I group was 10.0%, in II group 15.0%, the share of age first-time-mothers was 17.5 and 10.0%, respectively. Extended history taking and history analysis, general clinical and obstetric-gynecological examination were conducted, laboratory and ultrasound methods were used. Newborns were evaluated on Apgar scale at birth and in 5 minutes. In the early neonatal period, inborn and transient pathological syndromes were evaluated. Results. In patients receiving diosmin (n=40), reduction of the resistance index of the right and left uterine arteries to 0.4400.004 and 0.4600.004, respectively, and of the umbilical artery to 0.560.02 was achieved, that is lower than in the group of patients taking dipiridamol (n=40). A positive influence of diosmin on the intrauterine condition of the fetus was found that was manifested by its increased compensatory capacities for adaptation to chronic hypoxia in reliably higher percent of cases as compared to dipiridamol. After pharmacological correction, a tendency to normalization of the main parameters of the system of hemostasis was found in higher percent in women taking diosmin. This, in turn, produced a favorable influence on the volume of blood loss in physiological deliveries. Thus, in I group the average amount of blood loss was 18015 ml, while in II group it was 26515 ml (р0.05). However, in operative delivery no such differences were obtained. In I group immediately after deliveries 10.0% of newborns were transferred to the resuscitation and intensive care unit, in II group transfer to resuscitation department was required in 37.5% of infants (0.05). All the rest of children immediately after birth in the satisfactory condition were placed to one ward with mother, and they did not require resuscitation measures. Conclusion. Increase in the compensatory capacities of the fetus was shown in the conditions of chronic intrauterine hypoxia in a reliably higher percent of cases after pharmacological correction with diosmin. This, in turn, produced a favorable influence on perinatal outcomes, birth of children with a higher parameters of mass and height and health index.

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