scholarly journals Behavioral Methods for Severity Assessment

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Pia Kahnau ◽  
Anne Habedank ◽  
Kai Diederich ◽  
Lars Lewejohann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Behavioral Methods ◽  
Preference Tests

It has become mandatory for the application for allowance of animal experimentation to rate the severity of the experimental procedures. In order to minimize suffering related to animal experimentation it is therefore crucial to develop appropriate methods for the assessment of animal suffering. Physiological parameters such as hormones or body weight are used to assess stress in laboratory animals. However, such physiological parameters alone are often difficult to interpret and leave a wide scope for interpretation. More recently, behavior, feelings and emotions have come increasingly into the focus of welfare research. Tests like preference tests or cognitive bias tests give insight on how animals evaluate certain situations or objects, how they feel and what their emotional state is. These methods should be combined in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the well-being of laboratory animals.

scholarly journals Volume 25, Issue 1 (March 2021) Physiol Pharmacol 2021, 25(1): 1-6 | Back to browse issues page 10.32598/ppj.25.1.10 XML Print Download citation: BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks Send citation to: Mendeley Zotero RefWorks Najafi H, Zarei R, Alimoradian A, Asafari M, Mohammadi M, Samadi F, et al . A review on humane endpoints in animal experimentation for biomedical research. Physiol Pharmacol. 2021; 25 (1) :1-6 URL: http://ppj.phypha.ir/article-1-1606-en.html A review on humane endpoints in animal experimentation for biomedical research

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Houshang Najafi ◽  
◽  
Reza Zarei ◽  
Abbas Alimoradian ◽  
Mohaddeseh Asafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Reference Manager ◽  
Animal Use

Introduction: The use of animals in experiments and their role in the development of medical sciences are undeniable. Humane endpoints terminate pain and distress in laboratory animals, which are experimented in painful procedures and an involuntary manner. This study was going to review studies published in this area to assist researchers in developing their approach. Methods: Articles used in this review study were obtained from relevant databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, OVID, SID, Magiran and Google scholar. Results: “Humane endpoints” or killing the animal humanely means the point at which an experimental animal’s pain and/or distress is terminated. This pain and distress are not necessarily accompanied by clinical symptoms and it can also be recognized by biochemical, physiological and molecular biomarkers testing. Conclusion: Regarding the extensive use of laboratory animals, the aim is not only to take care of animals but also to develop knowledge and prevent unintentional animal suffering and death. Increasing awareness of ethical issues regarding research animal use needs scientific information and designing experiments, which are terminated immediately after achieving main goals. Otherwise, it threatens the life of animal and leads to the animal suffering.

scholarly journals Impulse for animal welfare outside the experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Lewejohann ◽  
Kerstin Schwabe ◽  
Christine Häger ◽  
Paulin Jirkof
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Current State

Animal welfare is a growing societal concern and the well-being of animals used for experimental purposes is under particular scrutiny. The vast majority of laboratory animals are mice living in small cages that do not offer very much variety. Moreover, the experimental procedure often takes very little time compared to the time these animals have been bred to the desired age or are being held available for animal experimentation. However, for the assessment of animal welfare, the time spent waiting for an experiment or the time spent after finishing an experiment has also to be taken into account. In addition to experimental animals, many additional animals (e.g. for breeding and maintenance of genetic lines, surplus animals) are related to animal experimentation and usually face similar living conditions. Therefore, in terms of improving the overall welfare of laboratory animals, there is not only a need for refinement of experimental conditions but especially for improving living conditions outside the experiment. The improvement of animal welfare thus depends to a large extent on the housing and maintenance conditions of all animals related to experimentation. Given the current state of animal welfare research there is indeed a great potential for improving the overall welfare of laboratory animals.

scholarly journals Environmental Enrichment of Nonhuman Primates, Dogs and Rabbits Used in Toxicology Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A.L. Bayne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Animal Care

The increasing emphasis on the provision of environmental enrichment to laboratory animals, vis-à-vis the USDA Animal Welfare Regulations, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC 1996), and a potential forthcoming policy from the USDA on the subject, can be difficult to accommodate in a toxicology research environment. A summary will be provided of current requirements and recommendations. Then, strategies for meeting regulatory requirements will be described for non-rodent animals used in toxicology research. These strategies will address methods of both social enrichment, such as pair or group housing, as well as non-social enrichment, such as cage furniture, food enrichments, and toys. In addition, the value of positive interactions with staff (e.g., through training paradigms or socialization programs) will also be discussed. Apparent in the discussion of these strategies will be an overarching recognition of the necessity to avoid introducing confounding variables into the research project and to avoid compromising animal health. The roles of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and the attending veterinarian in helping scientists balance animal well-being, the scientific enterprise and the regulatory environment will be described.

scholarly journals Physiological Parameters of Pigs Raised with and without Environmental Enrichment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Carlos Syllas Monteiro Luz ◽  
Leonardo Atta Farias ◽  
José Luiz Leonardo Araujo Pimenta ◽  
Joisiane Da Silva Santos ◽  
Richard Átila De Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Morning Shift

Ethical and commercial issues are associated with animal welfare in pig farming, in that sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and blood parameters in addition to weight gain in pigs raised with and without sunlight and environmental enrichment (EE), as well as to correlate physiological and environmental parameters as welfare indicators. Twenty-four pigs distributed in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were used. Blocks were represented by shifts (morning and afternoon), and factors by the presence or absence of EE and sunlight. Blood and environmental parameters of thermal comfort, in addition to weight gain, were registered. Physiological parameters showed to be shift dependent (p < 0.05), with the afternoon shift being superior when compared to the morning shift, thus indicating climate influence. Weight gain showed significant interactions (p < 0.05) in the presence and absence of sunlight and EE in the stalls. Temperature correlated positively with the physiological parameters. Moisture showed negative correlations with physiological parameters. The packed cell volume was lower (p < 0.05) in the presence of EE. The EE provides physiological well-being and weight gain for pigs in the nursery stage, especially when sunlight was absent in the stalls.

scholarly journals Living through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Lessons on Dietary Behavior and Physical Well-Being

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Shameena Gill ◽  
Alia Maisara Adenan ◽  
Adli Ali ◽  
Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Made In

The aim of this review is to highlight the spectrum on which human behavior has been affected by blanket restriction measures and on a wider scale, the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the human behaviors that have been impacted by the COVID-19 lockdown are dietary behavior and nutrition, food options and food delivery usage, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. This is important in planning effective public health strategies with minimal detriment to all subsets of society as well as improving the distribution of government aid to populations that are more severely affected. Our main purpose is to present the literature from a rapidly growing pool of scientific research to hopefully enable a better and more comprehensive understanding of the effects of this pandemic and the lessons learnt from the accompanying restrictions, as well as policy recommendations that can be made in national pandemic responses in the future.

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Сергей Николаевич Махновец
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cultural Aspect

Представлены смысловые доминанты инклюзивного образования. Показано, что моральное благополучие человека (ребенка в особенности), его самооценка и - соответственно - эмоциональное состояние связаны с феноменом «принятия». Раскрыты проблемы, возникающие в практике реализации инклюзивного образования, и представлены некоторые подходы к их решению The semantic dominants of inclusive education are presented. It is shown that the moral well-being of a person (especially a child), his self-esteem and, accordingly, the emotional state is associated with the phenomenon of«acceptance». The problems that arise in the practice of implementing inclusiveeducation are revealed and some approaches to solving them are presented.

scholarly journals A Personalised Emotion-Based Model for Relaxation in Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6124
Author(s):  
Joris Heyse ◽  
Maria Torres Vega ◽  
Thomas De Jonge ◽  
Femke De Backere ◽  
Filip De Turck
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relaxation Therapy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Emotion Model ◽  
Relaxation Exercises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reducing Stress ◽  
Personalised Therapy

One of the most frequent health problems is stress. It has been linked to negative effects on employee well-being in many occupations, and it is considered responsible for many physical and psychological problems. Traditional in-person relaxation therapy has proven to be effective in reducing stress. However, it has some drawbacks such as high cost, required infrastructure and the need for qualified trainers. Relaxation therapy in Virtual Reality (VR) tries to solve these problems. However, one aspect has received little attention, that is personalised therapy. Indeed, while many studies show the need for patient-tailored relaxation exercises, little existing work focuses on personalised VR content. One reason for this is the complexity of recognising emotions, which is required for emotion-based adaptive VR. In this work, a method for adapting VR content to the emotional state of the user is presented. This model has been applied in a VR relaxation therapy application, which adapts to the user’s emotional state utilising a heuristic optimiser. Simulations have proven the performance and usability of the emotion model. Additionally, this paper explores the impact of the order in which adaptations are performed on the effectiveness of the relaxation experience.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Well-Being during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Qin ◽  
Yiqing Song ◽  
George P Nassis ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Yanan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Home Based

We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lock down on lifestyle in China during the initial stage of the pandemic. A questionnaire was distributed to Chinese adults living in 31 provinces of China via the internet using a snowball sampling strategy. Information on 7-day physical activity recall, screen time, and emotional state were collected between January 24 and February 2, 2020. ANOVA, χ² test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. 12,107 participants aged 18–80 years were included. During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, nearly 60% of Chinese adults had inadequate physical activity (95% CI 56.6%–58.3%), which was more than twice the global prevalence (27.5%, 25.0%–32.2%). Their mean screen time was more than 4 hours per day while staying at home (261.3 ± 189.8 min per day), and the longest screen time was found in young adults (305.6 ± 217.5 min per day). We found a positive and significant correlation between provincial proportions of confirmed COVID-19 cases and negative affect scores (r = 0.501, p = 0.004). Individuals with vigorous physical activity appeared to have a better emotional state and less screen time than those with light physical activity. During this nationwide lockdown, more than half of Chinese adults temporarily adopted a sedentary lifestyle with insufficient physical activity, more screen time, and poor emotional state, which may carry considerable health risks. Promotion of home-based self-exercise can potentially help improve health and wellness.

Brazil Moves Toward the Replacement of Animal Experimentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Ivan de Ávila ◽  
Marize Campos Valadares
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
National Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Regulatory Acceptance

In Brazil, efforts towards the regulatory acceptance and implementation of innovative methods to replace experimental animal use in various fields began to gather force in 2008, with the approval of Law No. 11,794/2008 (the Arouca Law). This law represented a milestone, as it created the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA) to deal with the ethical and legal issues related to the use of laboratory animals. In 2014, CONCEA put together a framework for expanding the implementation of non-animal methodologies for use in research and education. It also promoted the regulatory acceptance in Brazil of 24 test guidelines, including 15 in vitro approaches. It should be emphasised that, in Brazilian legislation, replacement is generally based on the toxicological endpoint and not on the category of product, as tends to be the case in other countries (e.g. cosmetics in the European Union). The resolution-dependent deadlines for the obligatory replacement of in vivo methods with the CONCEA-approved tests are 2019 and 2021. Brazil has advanced considerably towards the replacement of animal experimentation, and in certain aspects, this has been in a highly progressive manner. However, there is still a lot of work to be done, especially considering the current political scenario with reduced investment in research, development and innovation. The chronology of significant events following the approval of the Arouca Law, which have contributed to the promotion of the Three Rs alternatives in Brazil, will be examined.

scholarly journals MEDICINAL HERBS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
APOORVA HA ◽  
SEEMA MEHDI ◽  
KRISHNA KL ◽  
NABEEL K
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Primary Hypothesis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Additional Option

Depression is a condition of no mood and loss of interest in any activity that can diminish a person’s thinking, conduct, tendencies, emotional state, and a sense of well-being. Although there is a conventional class of medication which have been beneficial in the treatment of depression, current studies have reported having side effects which can be minimized by the intervention of herbs and phytochemicals. Most of the studies have proven the various mechanisms and have started to research a very ground-breaking method by glancing the ancient treatmen. Where this new approach of using the herbs and phytochemicals has shown better results alone and in combination with conventional drugs which has shown lesser adverse effects. The practice of phytomedicine is an additional option for the treatment of depression. In the various segments of treating the depression, the mainstream can be a breakthrough including phytoconstituents. In this aspect, there are many contributions for the treatment of the depression acting to the neuronal level signaling and the phytoconstituents also have shown some basic mechanisms in the treatment of depression as that of the conventional medications following some primary hypothesis and signaling pathways and life interactions that effects the brain in either way to treat the depression in all sort of way. Clinical evidence is required to provide backing to the safety and effectiveness of herbs and phytochemicals alone or in combination with currently available drugs to overcome the reported side effects during the treatment of depression.

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