scholarly journals Differential Dynamics of the Ruminal Microbiome of Jersey Cows in a Heat Stress Environment

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Myung-Hoo Kim ◽  
Sang-Bum Kim ◽  
Jun-Kyu Son ◽  
Ji-Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Differential Heat ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Heat Stress Resistance ◽  
Functional Gene Abundance ◽  
Jersey Cows

The microbial community within the rumen can be changed and shaped by heat stress. Accumulating data have suggested that different breeds of dairy cows have differential heat stress resistance; however, the underlying mechanism by which nonanimal factors contribute to heat stress are yet to be understood. This study is designed to determine changes in the rumen microbiome of Holstein and Jersey cows to normal and heat stress conditions. Under heat stress conditions, Holstein cows had a significantly higher respiration rate than Jersey cows. Heat stress increased the rectal temperature of Holstein but not Jersey cows. In the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Jersey cows had a significantly higher proportion of genes associated with energy metabolism in the normal condition than that with other treatments. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results identified six taxa as distinguishing taxa between normal and heat stress conditions in Holstein cows; in Jersey cows, 29 such taxa were identified. Changes in the rumen bacterial taxa were more sensitive to heat stress in Jersey cows than in Holstein cows, suggesting that the rumen mechanism is different in both breeds in adapting to heat stress. Collectively, distinct changes in rumen bacterial taxa and functional gene abundance in Jersey cows may be associated with better adaptation ability to heat stress.

Coat and hair color: hair cortisol and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Byong-Wan Kim ◽  
Bae-Hun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Il Sung
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Hair Cortisol

scholarly journals Impacts of vitamin C and E injections on ovarian structures and fertility in Holstein cows under heat stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Juan GOZALEZ-MALDONADO ◽  
Raymundo RANGEL-SANTOS ◽  
Raymundo RODRIGUEZ-DE LARA ◽  
Gustavo RAMIREZ-VALVERDE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows

Physiological and growth parameters of fattening lambs after shearing under heat-stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Moslemipur ◽  
S. Golzar-Adabi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels

Shearing is a common practice for lamb hygiene and health, which can also influence the animal survival and productivity in stressful environments. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shearing on performance and some metabolic and physiological parameters of fattening lambs exposed to ambient heat stress. Thirty -two male Dalagh fattening lambs (32.4 ± 5.7 kg), 3.5 ± 0.5 months of age, were selected from a herd existing at the research station of the University of Gonbad Kavoos (temperate mild-latitude zone of Iran). Lambs were divided into two groups, maintained individually and fed with a mixture of alfalfa hay and concentrate with free access to drinking water. One group was completely shorn while the other group was left unshorn, and both groups were reared for 10 weeks (July–Sept.) with mean ambient temperature of 29.3°C. Feed intake and liveweight changes were recorded weekly whereas metabolic parameters were measured daily. Fasting blood samples were collected three times a week and used for blood metabolites and hormone assays. Results showed that shearing has no effects on feed intake and weight gain over the study. Feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by shearing (10.70 vs 13.26 kg/kg). Shearing also caused a decline in lamb rectal temperature (P < 0.05), whereas heart rate remained unchanged. Respiratory rate was lower in shorn lambs (P < 0.001), whereas blood glucose, urea and total protein levels were not affected. Serum concentrations of thyroxine declined in shorn lambs compared with unshorn lambs (P < 0.05), but cortisol level was unchanged between groups. In conclusion, the study showed that when lambs are kept sheltered under heat stress conditions, shearing appears to induce energy retention via reducing some vital activities such as respiration and heat loss leading to enhanced feed efficiency. The decrease in thyroxine level can be considered as the possible underlying mechanism for the decline observed in rectal temperature.

Effect of cooling Holstein cows during the dry period on postpartum performance under heat stress conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Avendaño-Reyes ◽  
F.D. Alvarez-Valenzuela ◽  
A. Correa-Calderón ◽  
J.S. Saucedo-Quintero ◽  
P.H. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Postpartum Performance

scholarly journals Novel Insights Into Heat Tolerance Using Microbiome and Metabolomics Analyses in Dairy Cows Rumen Fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichen Wang ◽  
Leizhen Liu ◽  
Fanglin Pang ◽  
Zhuo Zheng ◽  
Zhanwei Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Differential Heat ◽  
Rumen Microbiome

Abstract Background: Heat stress is a key issue of growing concern for livestock industry worldwide due to its negative effects not only on milk production, fertility, health, welfare, and economic returns of dairy cows, but also on the microbial communities in the rumen. However, the underlying relationship between rumen microbiome and its associated metabolism with heat tolerance in cow have not been extensively described yet. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate differential heat resistance in Holstein cows using rumen microbiome and metabolome analyses.Methods: We performed both principal component analysis and membership function analysis to select 7 heat-tolerant (HT) and 7 heat-sensitive (HS) cows. The ruminal fluid samples of two groups were collected at two hours post feeding on 7th day of heat stress period, for analyses including rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiome and nontargeted metabolomics.Results: Under heat stress conditions, the HT cows had a significantly higher propionic acid content than the HS cows; whereas measures of the respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), acetic,butyric acid and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (A:P) in the HT cows were lower compared with the HS cows. Omics sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group were significantly higher in the HT than HS cows; whereas Prevotella_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Shuttleworthia were significantly higher in the HS cows compared to HT cows. Substances mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycerol, mannitol, and maltose, showed significantly higher content in the HT cows compared to that in the HS cows. Simultaneously, RR was significantly correlated with both differential microorganisms and distinct metabolites, suggesting three metabolites could be potential biomarkers for determining heat resistance that require further research.Conclusion: Overall, distinct changes in the rumen microbiome and metabolomics in the HT cows may be associated with better adaptability to heat stress. These findings suggest their use as diagnostic tools of heat tolerance in dairy cattle breeding schemes.

scholarly journals Analysis of circulating-microRNA expression in lactating Holstein cows under summer heat stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihwan Lee ◽  
Suhyun Lee ◽  
Junkyu Son ◽  
Hyeonju Lim ◽  
Euntae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas

AbstractKorean peninsular weather is rapidly becoming subtropical due to global warming. In summer 2018, South Korea experienced the highest temperatures since the meteorological observations recorded in 1907. Heat stress has a negative effect on Holstein cows, the most popular breed of dairy cattle in South Korea, which is susceptible to heat. To examine physiological changes in dairy cows under heat stress conditions, we analyzed the profiles circulating microRNAs isolated from whole blood samples collected under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions using small RNA sequencing. We compared the expression profiles in lactating cows under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions to understand the regulation of biological processes in heat-stressed cows. Moreover, we measured several heat stress indicators, such as rectal temperature, milk yield, average daily gain, and progesterone concentration. All these assessments showed that pregnant cows were more susceptible to heat stress than non-pregnant cows. Particularly, progesterone concentrations known to have maternal warming effects were at similar levels in non-pregnant cows but significantly increased in pregnant cows under heat stress conditions. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative target genes were analyzed in pregnant cows. Interestingly, we found that differentially expressed miRNAs (bta-miR-146b, bta-miR-20b, bta-miR-29d-3p, bta-miR-1246) specifically targeted progesterone biosynthesis (StAR) and the function of corpus luteum-related genes (CCL11, XCL), suggesting that pregnant cows with elevated progesterone concentrations are more susceptible to heat stress. In addition, we found the differential expression of 11 miRNAs (bta-miR-19a, bta-miR-19b, bta-miR-30a-5p, and several from the bta-miR-2284 family) in both pregnant and non-pregnant cows under heat stress conditions. In target gene prediction and gene set enrichment analysis, these miRNAs were found to be associated with the cytoskeleton, cell junction, vasculogenesis, cell proliferation, ATP synthesis, oxidative stress, and immune responses involved in heat response. These miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for heat stress.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and breeding values for daily milk production of Holstein cows in terms of heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Goran Vučković ◽  
Tina Bobić ◽  
Vesna Gantner ◽  
Vladan Bogdanović ◽  
Klemen Potočnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

In order to estimate the variance components as well as the breeding value for daily milk production of Holstein cows in terms of heat stress defined as different THI threshold values (68, 70, and 72) 1,275,713 test-day records from 90,159 cows were used. Temperature-humidity index (THI) calculated from ambient temperature and relative humidity recorded in the barns on the milk recording day was used as the measure of heat stress. Daily milk production was analysed as a bivariate variable, in the normal conditions (under the set THIthreshold value), and in terms of heat stress (above the set THIthreshold value) using a model that accounted variances due to lactation stage, calving season, age at calving, breeding region, parity, permanent environment, interaction between hear and year, and individual animal. The estimated high genetic correlations between the daily milk production in normal and heat stress conditions, as well as high correlations among the EBVs in normal and heat stress conditions, point out that Holstein cows with high productivity in normal condition will sustain an alike level of production even in terms of heat stress. These results indicate that the Holstein cows are very well acclimatized to the environmental conditions at dairy farms in Croatia. However, these findings should be taken with caution, given that measurements of microclimate parameters were conducted only once at a milk recording day, so the reliability of such measurements could be questionable. In conclusion, in order to realize a completely unambiguous conclusion, further studies that include multiple daily measurements of microclimatic parameters in the farms facilities are necessary.

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